Model of Radial Distributions in the Upper Part of the Blast Furnace Shaft

A mathematical model is developed to estimate the radial distribution of the ore‐to‐coke ratio in the blast furnace shaft on the basis of molar flow and energy balance equations. It utilizes the radial temperature distribution of the gas measured above the burden surface to estimate the thermal flow ratios in concentric rings of the shaft, and from this the ore‐to‐coke distribution under the assumptions that a thermal reserve zone of a given temperature exists in the furnace. The model, which also predicts the radial distribution of temperature and pressure in the shaft, has been evaluated on measurements from an industrial blast furnace and verified by comparing the results with temperatures from an in‐burden probe.     

武钢5号高炉专家系统在布料状态评估中的应用

高炉布料调剂对于维持高炉的稳定顺行具有决定性的意义。武汉钢铁(集团)公司新开发的5号高炉专家系统利用数学模型实现了高炉布料调剂的自动处理,通过利用数学模型处理高炉操作数据,如炉顶煤气温度、炉顶煤气成分、压差、冷却壁温度变化等,可以获得对气流分布状况、炉型变化状况及高炉运行状况的评估结果;结合高炉当前的运行状况,如焦比、风量、炉身静压力、原料状况(组成、粒度、热性能等)等就可以获得调剂的建议。高炉冶炼专家系统投入运行后,有效指导了高炉的布料调剂,高炉操作稳定,工艺指标得到改善。     

炉顶煤气循环氧气高炉一维气固换热与反应动力学模型

结合风口回旋区燃烧和炉外煤气预热、脱除和循环的平衡关系,建立了氧气高炉一维气固换热与反应动力学模型,并采用传统高炉的运行和解剖数据对模型进行了验证分析.通过模型研究了氧气含量和上部循环煤气流量对氧气高炉炉内过程变量的影响规律.结果表明:氧气含量偏低和上部循环煤气流量不足时,会降低铁矿石还原效果,炉渣内出现大量未还原铁氧化物;氧气含量和上部循环煤气流量的提高可以有效提高炉内CO含量和铁矿石还原速度,但提高上部循环煤气流量会大幅提升炉顶煤气温度,增大热量损失.与传统高炉相比,氧气高炉内CO含量提高1.0~1.5倍,炉内气体还原性更强;铁矿石还原完成位置提高1.49 m,全炉还原反应速度更快;直接还原度降低55.2%~79.2%,炉内直接还原反应消耗的碳量更少.      

Radial gas distribution in the blast furnace top

Blast furnace process control heavily depends on good control of burden and gas distribution. For many blast furnaces this control relies on measurements with fixed above-burden probes. Therefore, an accurate knowledge of the gas flow between stockline and above-burden probes is of paramount importance. Measurements in the blast furnace top and calculations with a mathematical model are used to shed more light on the gas flow in the blast furnace top. It turned out that complex gas flows cause several differences between data at stockline level and at above-burden probe level. There is an acceleration of gas in the furnace centre due to the much higher temperature there. Gas from the colder intermediate region is therefore attracted towards the centre. There is hardly any influence of the inclination of the stockline. It is advisable to make the distance between stockline and above-burden probes as small as possible or to use some form of in-burden measurement.     

大型高炉合理煤气流的分布及控制

合理的煤气流分布是大型高炉实现操作炉型稳定和技术经济指标良好的基础.从太钢5号高炉4年多的生产实践出发,提出在下部通过控制合理的风速和鼓风动能,在上部通过逐步加大矿批,加重焦炭负荷和配以布料档位的及时调整等,煤气利用率50.5%以上和炉顶温度180℃以下.     

基于参数优化SVR方法预测高炉煤气利用率

高炉煤气利用率是反映高炉能耗的重要指标,其预测控制对炼铁过程的节能降耗具有重要意义.利用某高炉在线采集的数据对煤气流温度分布和高炉煤气利用率的关系进行研究.首先,对高炉煤气利用率数据和能够实时反映煤气流分布的炉喉十字测温数据中的缺失值进行多重插补填充,并利用分位点计算煤气流分布的经验分布函数,得到测温数据的小时分布概率...     

顶燃式热风炉烟气分布的研究

分析了顶燃式热风炉烟气分布的状况及其后果，通过模型试验，研究了拱顶过渡段高度、燃烧器布置方式及火道倾角对烟气分布的影响关系，得出了经验公式，并据此为热风炉的设计与改造提出了建议。这些措施可有效地提高顶燃式热风炉的热效率和风温。并节约投资，延长热风炉寿命。     

高炉布料的焦层坍塌建模方法研究

炉料分布是影响高炉内煤气流分布的决定性因素之一。在高炉布料过程中,矿石的冲击作用使部分焦层坍塌并堆积到炉中心区,考虑这一因素对料层分布的影响,在试验和统计分析基础上,采用一种简化方式模拟了布料过程的焦层坍塌现象。它以专家规则修正料面曲线,依据物料平衡关系求解模型参数,通过分析高炉径向温度和径向矿焦比分布,间接验证了布料模型中焦层坍塌修正方法。     

Numerical Evaluation of Blast Furnace Performance under Top Gas Recycling and Lower Temperature Operation

The new process of top gas recycling by hot reducing gas (HRG) injection has been developed in this study in order to overcome the disadvantageous problems under the lower temperature operation, to enhance the utilization of top gas carbon and to reduce carbon dioxide emission of blast furnaces. Numerical evaluation of blast furnace top gas recirculation together with lower‐temperature operation was performed by means of a multi‐fluid blast furnace model. The simulation results show that, (1) under the lower temperature operation, the shaft injection, or simultaneous shaft and tuyere injection of hot reducing gas is effective to increase the heat supply and to enrich the reduction atmosphere in the shaft zone, to improve the reduction of iron burdens, and enhance the efficiency of the shaft zone. (2) If top gas is recirculated by HRG on the basis of lower temperature operation, a highly efficient low‐carbon blast furnace is obtained. The productivity of the furnace shows a remarkable increase and the total reducing agent rate shows a considerable decrease. Furthermore, the top gas carbon utilization is enhanced and the carbon dioxide emission rate is lowered. (3) Generally, shaft efficiency, carbon emission and heat efficiency under simultaneous tuyere and shaft injection are comparatively better than in the other two methods of single injection.     

工艺参数对气化炉-氧气高炉炼铁能耗的影响规律

利用气化炉一氧气高炉炼铁流程数学模型分析了工艺参数对高炉焦比、煤耗、总能耗等的影响规律。计算结果表明：随着氧气浓度的提高,高炉焦比逐步降低,当氧气浓度为100％时,流程可节能7．0％;随循环煤气温度的提高,高炉焦比略有减少,当循环煤气温度为1473K时,流程可节能8．5％。     

全氧高炉风口喷吹烧结烟气的冶炼特征

摘要：建立了高炉或氧气高炉喷吹烧结烟气的数学模型,实现对烧结烟气利用与处理的目的。模拟结果显示：当烧结烟气喷吹温度为1250℃,全氧高炉的炉缸与炉身处各循环200m3/t炉顶煤气时,烧结烟气喷吹量每增加100m3/t,高炉理论燃烧温度降低约134℃,直接还原度增大0.02。随着烧结烟气喷吹量的增加,煤比逐渐增大,炉顶煤气中氮气含量逐渐增大,SO2浓度逐渐降低。当烧结烟气喷吹量达到894m3/t时,炉顶煤气中的SO2质量浓度为214.28mg/m3,与普通高炉相比,降低约1.48mg/m3;氮氧化物质量浓度为45.42mg/m3,低于普通高炉约6.36mg/m3。     

氧气高炉工艺对炼铁系统的影响

为分析氧气高炉对炼铁系统的影响,利用氧气高炉综合数学模型,获得了2种典型氧气高炉流程的基本工艺参数,并主要分析了氧气高炉对炼铁系统燃料结构与煤气流平衡的影响。结果表明:氧气高炉降低了吨铁燃耗,同时提高了煤粉在燃料消耗中的比率;随着炉缸循环煤气预热温度升高,氧气高炉煤气供给量与炼铁系统需求量都呈下降趋势,其中单排风口工艺输出煤气量能满足炼铁系统内部需求并有较大剩余,双排风口工艺炉顶煤气供应由盈余转为短缺,但此短缺量较小,可以用少量焦炉煤气补足。在此分析基础上,提出了一种氧气高炉条件下炼铁系统工艺流程,有望为氧气高炉工业化应用提供一定参考。     

Numerical Simulation of Innovative Operation of Blast Furnace Based on Multi-Fluid Model

To date ,blast furnace operators have a relative-ly good understanding of internal mechanisms ,andno longer treat blast furnace as a“black box”. Forthe blast furnace , however , one of the most com-plex metallurgical units inthe field of chemical engi-neering,the complexity keeps proliferating with theadoption of newtechnologies ,such as high rate in-jection of pulverized coal ,effective use of carbona-ceous andferrous materials ,and so on.If merely bydirect instrumentation and empirical kno…     

热风炉技术创新与应用

顶燃式热风炉主要应用于冶金行业的高炉系统,为高炉提供高风温的热空气。在许多工业应用环境中,除加热空气外也有加热煤气的需求。本文分析了顶燃式热风炉技术在煤气加热中的应用情况。由于加热介质变为瓦斯气体,需要对热风炉各个组成系统做针对性的改进。详细介绍了顶燃式热风炉在加热煤气时所做的创新和改进,为冶金装备的拓展使用提供了成功的经验。     

A static approach towards coke collapse modelling in blast furnace

Abstract

Burden distribution control in a blast furnace has a close relationship with wind acceptance and gas utilisation. Quantification of radial distribution of ore and coke is important for proper control of blast furnace operation. Charging of metallic burden over a layer of coke causes a portion of the coke layer to get dislodged from its original position, similar to the situation observed when a heavy material is dropped on a bed of lighter particles. This phenomenon, designated 'coke collapse', significantly changes the ore/coke distribution in the radial direction and thus affects the permeability of the furnace shaft. In the present work a mathematical model for quantifying the amount of coke collapse has been proposed on the basis of 'stability of slope theory'. The calculation from this model has been compared with the results from experiments in simplified physical models. Predictions of the mathematical model are in good agreement with experimental results.     

煤气分析仪在高炉生产中的应用

在高炉顶压调节系统煤气管道上安装煤气分析仪,通过煤气分析仪获取高炉内产生气体的相关数据及趋势。分析高炉冶炼过程中炉内湿度、温度、压力和物料的变化对煤气分析仪的影响,提出了最佳测量时段和标准炉况概念;然后将高炉冶炼的特征和煤气分析仪分析的结果相结合,阐述了煤气分析仪的特征以及对环境因素变化所造成的测量误差进行了分析;最后就如何正确认识煤气分析仪在高炉煤气检测中的意义和作用提出了自己的观点。     

鼓风参数对炉顶煤气循环高炉的影响分析

针对炉顶煤气循环高炉(TGRBF)的工艺特点,建立了此工艺的数学模型,根据模型的计算流程和给定的条件数据,计算出了一种给定条件下TGRBF的基本工艺参数,焦比180kg/t,煤比200kg/t,直接还原度为0.15;通过调整设定的鼓风温度和鼓风中的氧气含量,得出这2个参数变化对焦比、循环煤气量、鼓风量、炉顶煤气中CO含量、风口焦炭燃烧比例、循环煤气的富余量等参数的影响。