Radial gas distribution in the blast furnace top

Blast furnace process control heavily depends on good control of burden and gas distribution. For many blast furnaces this control relies on measurements with fixed above-burden probes. Therefore, an accurate knowledge of the gas flow between stockline and above-burden probes is of paramount importance. Measurements in the blast furnace top and calculations with a mathematical model are used to shed more light on the gas flow in the blast furnace top. It turned out that complex gas flows cause several differences between data at stockline level and at above-burden probe level. There is an acceleration of gas in the furnace centre due to the much higher temperature there. Gas from the colder intermediate region is therefore attracted towards the centre. There is hardly any influence of the inclination of the stockline. It is advisable to make the distance between stockline and above-burden probes as small as possible or to use some form of in-burden measurement.     

Mathematical model for burden distribution in blast furnace

Burden distribution in a blast furnace is vital to its smooth running. However, it is difficult to directly measure the burden distribution for an operating blast furnace. Therefore, mathematical models have been applied to guide the charging process to achieve the desired burden distribution. The accuracies of such models depend on the prediction of falling curve, stockline profile formation, and burden descent mode. In this study, a new stockline profile formation model is proposed in which new equations have been developed for the inner and outer repose angle by considering the influence of the burden flow's vertical and horizontal velocity at the apex of the stockline profile. Validation of this new stockline profile formation model is provided through comparison between calculated results and experimental data for stockline profile. A stepped burden descending strategy, in which the burden would descend through a specified distance after each ring charging process, is proposed corresponding to the successive charging process. The influence of the burden descending strategy on the falling point, the final burden profile and radial depth ratio of ore to coke is also analysed. The result shows that the burden descending strategy greatly affects the final burden distribution, especially in the peripheral region.     

大型高炉合理煤气流的分布及控制

合理的煤气流分布是大型高炉实现操作炉型稳定和技术经济指标良好的基础.从太钢5号高炉4年多的生产实践出发,提出在下部通过控制合理的风速和鼓风动能,在上部通过逐步加大矿批,加重焦炭负荷和配以布料档位的及时调整等,煤气利用率50.5%以上和炉顶温度180℃以下.     

高炉煤气利用的研究

介绍了高炉煤气的特点，以及采用全烧高炉煤气锅炉的节能措施，并分析了包钢高炉煤气利用的经济和社会效益。     

无钟高炉炉料分布预测模型

为提高无钟高炉炉喉料面的预测精度,建立了考虑炉料运动的炉料分布数学模型.在分析炉料运动的基础上,指出了炉料运动是影响炉料堆积过程的重要因素,采用尺寸比1∶10的无钟布料器模型试验分析了不同炉料分速度对炉料堆积行为的影响,建立了考虑炉料运动因素的料堆轮廓预测模型,并通过数值方法确定了料堆的位置和料面轮廓曲线,应用于料面形状的预测.结果表明：炉料的运动是造成料堆两侧堆积角差异、料堆横截面面积变化以及料面轮廓改变的重要原因,料堆轮廓采用直线段和曲线相结合的方式进行构造,炉料的堆积角和曲线过渡区域长度作为重要的模型参数均考虑了炉料速度的影响,模型构造的轮廓接近真实料堆形状,应用该模型实现了炉喉料面的准确预测.     

基于数据驱动的高炉煤气复合预测模型

对钢铁企业高炉煤气系统科学准确的预测,可以为煤气的合理调度提供依据,对企业提高能源利用效率、减少煤气放散和环境污染有着非常重要的意义。针对钢铁企业高炉煤气系统设备工况复杂、煤气量波动频繁、难以准确预测的问题,依据小波分析方法、BP神经网络、最小二乘支持向量机的性质建立了基于数据驱动的高炉煤气的复合预测模型。该模型综合考虑高炉煤气系统生产计划和检修计划,对高炉煤气系统的产耗用户在不同工况下分别建立训练数据集,利用多组模型参数预测高炉煤气产生量、消耗量和缓冲量。利用某大型钢铁企业实际数据进行测试,该模型能够结合设备的实际生产工况变化,实现煤气的准确预测。结果表明,该模型平均绝对百分比误差小于4.95%,对变工况煤气系统有较好的预测效果。     

喷吹循环煤气氧气高炉的静态模型

根据整体及各区域的物理化学约束条件建立了氧气高炉工艺综合数学模型.通过模型的计算结果对能量在不同区域的利用情况进行了分析.得出结论如下:氧气高炉无煤气循环流程的一次能耗很高,燃料比在600 kg/tHM以上,并且无法实现高温区和固体炉料区之间的能量匹配.炉顶煤气循环后,可以实现能量在高温区和固体炉料区的同时平衡;在同时满足全炉热平衡和区域热平衡的条件下,氧气高炉炉身喷吹循环煤气流程的理论燃烧温度过高,而炉缸喷吹循环煤气流程的理论燃烧温度偏低;对于氧气高炉炉身、炉缸同时喷吹循环煤气流程,随着循环煤气量的增大,焦比升高,煤比降低,理论燃烧温度可以维持在合理的范围内.     

氧气高炉喷吹焦炉煤气数学模型

 为降低氧气高炉炼铁流程中循环煤气脱除CO2及煤气预热成本,提出了氧气高炉喷吹焦炉煤气炼铁流程,并建立了新流程能质平衡数学模型,应用该模型分别对传统高炉、传统高炉喷吹焦炉煤气、氧气高炉（鼓风氧体积分数为30%、40%、50%、100%）喷吹焦炉煤气炼铁流程主要技术参数进行计算并对比。结果表明,传统高炉喷吹少量焦炉煤气（30 m3/t）可降低燃料比13 kg/t,焦炉煤气置换焦炭的置换比为0.433 kg/m3,但是对其他参数影响不大。氧气高炉喷吹焦炉煤气流程随着富氧率提高,炉内还原势提高,CO和氢利用率下降,炉内存在还原剂表观过剩,非全氧鼓风条件下炉内没有发生氮气富集。新流程外供煤气总热值为3 000 MJ/t左右,与传统高炉相比变化不大,对现有钢铁联合企业煤气供需平衡影响较小。全氧高炉喷吹焦炉煤气炼铁流程相较于目前的高炉炼铁流程可节焦43%,增煤33%,总燃料比降低20%。     

高炉煤气在焦化管式加热炉的应用

首先介绍了高炉煤气的特点,以及在管式加热炉上的应用情况,在此基础上根据焦化管式加热炉的工艺现状,提出了一种在管式加热炉燃用高炉煤气的节能新技术.该项技术目前已经得到了实际应用,从运行效果来看,节能效果明显,经济效益显著,完全符合国家节能减排的相关要求.