Einsatz von Biocompounds zum Abbau chlorierter Kohlenwasserstoffe in der Grund- und Abwasserreinigung

Use of Biocompounds for Degradation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Treatment of Ground Water and Waste Water . Process engineering approaches to waste water treatment using immobilised microorganisms (MO) permit greater biomass concentrations in the bioreactor and hence higher conversions per unit time. Moreover, the biofilms formed assure favourable conditions for degradation specialists. Immobilisation of microorganisms is feasible on both static and freely mobile supports. Use of the latter permits modification of the flow conditions in the reactor.     

Zusammenhang von Adhäsion und Reinigung von Mikropartikeln auf strukturierten Oberflächen

Adhesion of microparticles to surfaces is important for a number of industrial applications. Currently it is assumed that the adhesion between particles and surface needs to be resolved for a successful removal of unwanted particles in a cleaning process. It is supposed that the ability to remove particles from the surface correlates directly with the adhesion force measured by atomic force microscopy. Experiments are conducted with silicon‐ and stainless steel probes with various surface structures. An evaluation of the factors influencing adhesion and cleanability is performed.     

Hochdruckinaktivierung von Mikroorganismen – mit Dynamik zum quasi‐kontinuierlichen Prozess

Static high pressure treatment has become a gentle alternative in sterilization of fluids, but due to high costs, this technology is currently restricted to high‐quality products. The innovative use of dynamic high pressure has the potential to overcome these restrictions as the introduction of additional process parameters allows for amplification of lethal effects on microorganisms. In addition, through the possibility to further convey the product during low‐pressure periods, the dynamic treatment also enables quasi‐continuous modes of operation, which opens a broader field of applications.     

Auskleiden und Beschichten von Apparaten mit Kunststoffen

Lining and coating of chemical apparatus with plastics . The object of this report is to provide a concise survey of applications for plastics in the lining and coating of steel constructions to avoid corrosion, erosion, and caking. Special attention is paid to the field of chemical apparatus and pipeline construction where, due to the requirements in question, the layer thicknesses amount to several millimetres.     

Synthese und Konformationsanalyse von Pyranophanonen und Pyrylophanium-Verbindungen mit intraannularen Substituenten

Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of Pyranophanones and Pyrylophanium Compounds with Intraannular Substituents The synthesis of [3.3]dithiapyranophanone 6 and 11 is accomplished by use of the two-components-dilution-principle. Pyrolysis of their bis(sulfones) 7 and 12 gives the [2.2]pyranophanones 8 , 9 and 13 . Under preservation of conformation the intraannular carbonyl-function is used for the synthesis of methylpyranophanoles 14 , 16 and 17 . The synthesis of pyrylophanium compounds 15 and 18 is possible by elimination in trifluoroacetic acid. 6 exhibits anti-conformation within its crystal-structure and like 7 reveals temperature-dependent behavior in solution. Using 6 as an example, a combination of ¹³C-NMR-spectroscopy, forcefield-calculation and computer-simulation is applied for the first time to give evidence for molecular-dynamic processes of cyclophanes. 8 and 9 are the syn- and anti-conformers of the desired product, as shown by X-ray structural analysis. 13 reveals anti-conformation within its crystal structure as well as in solution. The conformational analysis of other new phanes described here is based on the ¹H-NMR-spectra of these pyrolysis products. As expected the intraannular substituents of Pyrylophanium-lons 15 and 18 show the characteristic upfield-shift within their ¹H-NMR-spectra.