Systematic Design of a First-Year Mechanical Engineering Course at Carnegie Mellon University

Carnegie Mellon University offers a first-year course titled Fundamentals of Mechanical Engineering to introduce undergraduate students to the discipline of mechanical engineering. The goals of the course are to excite students about the field of mechanical engineering early in their careers, introduce basic mechanical engineering concepts in an integrated way, provide a link to the basic physics and mathematics courses, and present design and problem-solving skills as central engineering activities. These goals are met through a combination of real-world engineering examples, classroom demonstrations, and hands-on experience in assignments and laboratories. Over the eleven semesters that this course has been taught, teams of first-year students have designed and assembled energy conversion mechanisms using miniature steam engines and Meccano sets to drive a mobile vehicle or to generate electricity for lighting a bulb. This paper describes the systematic process used to design this course and emphasizes this process of carefully integrating lectures with classroom demonstrations, laboratory experiments and hands-on projects to encourage students' active learning.     

现代包装设计教育的实践课程研究

面对当今包装设计专业的毕业生很难迅速适应市场的问题,从市场需求的角度分析应该加强实践课程的学习力度,改革实践课程的授课方式,从根本上提高他们的艺术水平和专业技能,要求学生走出校园,走向社会,亲自动手去做,去感悟、体验包装设计的过程.     

Integrating Communication and Engineering Education: A Look at Curricula,Courses, and Support Systems

In this article we point to the ways in which engineering and communication disciplines can work together to ensure the ABET criterion that encompasses effective communication is represented in engineering curricula. Drawing upon examples from several universities in North America, we offer useful portraits of writing across the curriculum approaches, interdisciplinary courses, integrated programs, and a variety of support systems including writing and communication centers and online resources. As we develop increased awareness of the importance of including communication instruction in engineering curricula, the variety of possibilities presented in this article can help us integrate communication and engineering education.     

Integrating Undergraduate Research into Engineering: A Communications Approach to Holistic Education

This paper describes the Research Communications Studio (RCS), a structured approach for teaching undergraduate researchers to do authentic written, oral, and graphical communications tasks while they are learning to do research. In the RCS, small groups of undergraduate researchers meet weekly with a communications faculty member, an engineering graduate student mentor, and a communications graduate research assistant. The project is built upon social constructivist theory that recognizes the interdependence between communication, cognitive development, and metacognition. It investigates knowledge construction within a small‐group context of distributed cognition, the concept that each group member's expertise is available to other group members. Data from surveys indicate that engineering faculty members, graduate student mentors, and undergraduate participants were very positive about the progress participants made in cognitive development and communications abilities. Analysis of participants' reflective writings shows the development of metacognitive abilities necessary for self‐directed, life‐long learning.     

以创新能力培养为目标的设计图学课程改革的研究与实践

设计图学是工业设计专业一门重要的技术基础课,该文结合设计图学课程的教学改革,提出了＂以设计表达为主线,培养创新能力为最终目标＂的设计图学课程的改革思路,探索了新的课程体系、教学模式及考核方式,为学生创新能力的提高,新世纪创新型设计人才的培养提供了有效的途径。     

包装工艺学课程设计的教学改革与实践

分析了包装工艺学课程设计的特点以及教师在指导工艺设计中存在的问题,介绍了在指导包装工艺学课程设计中所采取的改革措施,准确发布设计任务,明确工艺设计文件的常规形式、组织成分。通过细化工艺设计任务内容,取得了较好的教学效果。     

高职院校分段式教学改革探讨

高职院校存在教学资源紧张、专业教师实践能力较弱、教学计划不合理等问题。分段式教学是对传统教学模式的改革,将传统教学模式下的单元教学时间2课时延长为4课时,将教学周期进行分段,分段、分人、分时、分场授课,并将原有课程标准、教学内容、授课计划、教学方法、评价体系等进行全面调整和组合。这种教学模式突出了教学的系统性与完整性,有利于实践性课程的开展,有利于学生动手能力的培养,有利于教师工作时间的安排,有利于校企合作的推进,能促进教学形式多样化的探索,但也存在一些问题,还需在实践中不断完善。     

建构主义教育理念下的艺术设计实验实践教学探索--以“梅山文化的研究与设计”课题植入课程为例

建构主义教育观与艺术设计实验实践教学有许多相通之处,都主张"以真实的学习情境帮助学生建构自己的知识体系"。文章记录了笔者以建构主义教育观为指导,将"梅山文化的研究与设计"课题植入艺术设计实验实践教学,探索课程中如何营造真实的学习情境,启发直觉思维和体验,引导合作学习,鼓励研究性学习和创新性实验,实现文化的传承和创新设计的过程。     

工业设计学科产学研合作

产学研合作对工业设计学科发展和企业生产力发展有重要的意义。文章探讨了工业设计学科产学研合作的产生背景、发展及趋势,并且对其特点及形式进行了研究。产学研合作促进工业设计专业教学改革。工业设计产学研合作与教学结合要注意对学生作好正确引导,理论与实践并重;在教学中合理安排好产学研合作的不同形式;围绕产学研课题实现学科知识体系化。     

基于学科融合与模块细分的设计类图学课程改革实践

介绍了设计类图学课程的现状与面临的挑战,论述了课程改革的必要性,并从课程内容、教学方法及手段、考核方式等方面论述了本课程的教学改革方案。通过分析图学课程与设计类学科间的异同,提出了通过基础部分和提高部分的划分来实现学科融合与模块细分的授课方式,并通过进一步的教学研究与实践,总结了融合的方式与不同的教学模块。     

Significance of Nanomaterials in Wearables: A Review on Wearable Actuators and Sensors

Together with the evolution of digital health care, the wearable electronics field has evolved rapidly during the past few years and is expected to be expanded even further within the first few years of the next decade. As the next stage of wearables is predicted to move toward integrated wearables, nanomaterials and nanocomposites are in the spotlight of the search for novel concepts for integration. In addition, the conversion of current devices and attachment‐based wearables into integrated technology may involve a significant size reduction while retaining their functional capabilities. Nanomaterial‐based wearable sensors have already marked their presence with a significant distinction while nanomaterial‐based wearable actuators are still at their embryonic stage. This review looks into the contribution of nanomaterials and nanocomposites to wearable technology with a focus on wearable sensors and actuators.     

艺术类院校服务设计本科教学体系的构建与实践

在服务设计兴起和设计范式转变的语境下,讨论本科阶段的艺术类院校服务设计教学体系的构建与实践。通过分析服务设计的学科背景和知识结构,指出服务设计、产品服务系统设计教学的机遇与挑战。对比国内外服务设计课程开设的概况,并以广州美术学院工业设计学院公共与服务设计工作室的教学实践为例,分别从产业背景、生源特点、培养目标、教学架构、教学方法和教学成果等层面来探讨艺术类院校服务设计课程体系的具体构建方法。指出课程架构和教学模式对其他院校,尤其是同类型的艺术类院校,具有较高的参考价值。艺术类院校在本科阶段开展的服务设计教学具有可行性,而这主要取决于院校自身及社会的资源,如所在区域的产业发展与人才需求现状、院校的学科结构、教学模式和师资等。     

高等职业教育推行研究性学习的探索与实践

为了进一步理解和把握高等职业教育研究性学习的本质和内涵,以正确引导其实践,文章着重探索了它的“一个前提,两个目的,三个内涵,四个原则,五个过程”等理念;介绍了在高职教育“计算机绘图”教学中推行研究性学习的实践。教学实践表明:在高职教育中推行研究性学习,不但是非常必要的——更容易培养学生的创新精神和实践能力,而且是完全可行的——学生更容易掌握所学的知识,更节省课时。     

Professional Practice: A Topic for Engineering Research and Instruction

Professional practice is considered as a much broader topic for inclusion in engineering curricula than traditionally associated with engineering design. Practicing engineers require a working knowledge of several non-engineering disciplines and must interact with people of a variety of backgrounds within a variety of organizational contexts. Engineers must develop the skills of problem solving and decision making for circumstances much broader than generally used in the engineering class room. Professional engineering practice in this broad context can be the subject of legitimate research and instruction. Case research methods are applicable to the exploratory study of engineering practice and the development of a knowledge base important to designing engineering curricula. Case instruction provides one method of dealing with topics at the boundaries of the engineering disciplines and in developing decision making skills that are fundamental to engineering practice. It is concluded that the engineering education community should explore new frameworks for research, instruction and the associated scholarship that address professional practice issues.     

电力专业课外科技实践活动管理改革初探

通过对目前在课外科技实践活动中存在的一些不足的分析，提出改善课外科技实践活动效果的措施，应从培养学生对专业知识的兴趣出发，通过课程管理方面的改进，培养学生的创新精神，提高学生的动手能力。     

智能家居气味识别装置产品设计研究及实践

目的 探究不同结构的气路和气室设计,对于气味识别装置的性能影响,以及总结归纳关键设计参数,为气味识别产品在居家环境的实际应用提供参考。方法 基于模块化的设计方法,面向电子鼻家居应用设计了6种不同的气路结构,之后开展电子鼻响应测试实验,对比6种结构的性能差异,并在实验结论基础上讨论电子鼻在不同家居应用场景下的部署模式和使用方式,以及实验结论如何应用于实际产品设计过程中。结论 实验表明,不同气室结构对电子鼻的响应性能有着显著的影响,对家居场景中气味采集应用的气路设计具有指导意义,从而帮助提升气味识别能力,赋能家居功能创新和服务创新,提升用户体验。     

校园消极空间家具研究与设计实践

目的探讨校园消极空间家具设计过程,完成校园内廊空间滴水雨伞架产品设计,提出校园消极空间积极化的标准。方法从校园消极空间的定义与特征出发,提出校园消极空间的积极化策略,解析校园消极空间绿色家具的设计理念与过程。选取一款利用花池承接雨伞滴水的墙壁式多功能雨伞架为例,对校园消极空间绿色家具设计流程进行介绍,并对该类家具所具有的性能特点进行总结。结果校园空间绿色家具具有可变性、适应性、美观性3大特点。结论应以特定的形式语言实现消极空间的功能植入,通过家具产品形态以及使用功能的自由转换来实现校园消极空间功能的增补并引导人群自发地创造新行为以达到空间积极化、改善校园学习生活环境、提升绿色校园环境质量的目的。     

Integrating Ethics & Engineering: A Graduate Option in Systems Engineering,Ethics, and Technology Studies

This paper describes an engineering graduate option in Systems Engineering designed to overcome some of the effects of specialization and compartmentalization by building a link between technical and ethical training. Students in this option produce case studies that emphasize ethical issues in the design process. The goal of the program is to turn out ethical professionals who are able to reflect on the moral implications of technology. The proposed approach uses realistic or real‐hypothetical hybrid case studies as a type of vicarious mentoring, and, when supplemented with readings in ethical theory and codes, may serve as a starting point for a deeper understanding of behavioral dilemmas. The developers of this approach are a multi‐disciplinary team from the Engineering School and the Darden Graduate School of Business Administration at the University of Virginia. The paper describes how the graduate option is structured and provides data on student outcomes.