铜带冷轧乳化液极压润滑性能实验研究

通过四球摩擦实验和轧制实验,研究了硫系和磷系极压剂对铜带冷轧乳化液极压润滑性能的影响.基于表征润滑性能的无卡咬载荷和摩擦因数2种参数,提出了评价乳化液极压润滑性能的新指标--极压润滑系数.基于极压润滑系数,分析了硫系极压剂和磷系极压剂的配伍关系与铜带冷轧乳化液极压润滑性能的关系,筛选出了最佳配方.通过冷轧实验,比较了筛选出的各乳化液配方的润滑效果.试验结果表明:润滑效果优劣排序与极压润滑系数大小排序基本吻合,表明极压润滑系数对轧制乳化液极压润滑的判定简单且实用.     

磷系极压剂在铜板带冷轧乳化液中的应用效果研究

采用四球摩擦试验机分别考察亚磷酸二正丁酯(T304)、磷酸三甲酚酯(T306)和硫代磷酸三苯酯(T309)3种磷系极压剂在基础油中的摩擦学性能,通过铜板带冷轧制实验研究其在乳化液中的润滑作用效果。结果表明,3种含磷添加剂均使基础油的摩擦学性能得到一定程度地提高,其中T304具有优异的承载能力和抗磨减摩性能,其最佳添加量为0.5%～1.5%(质量分数),T306和T309效果较差,且限于中高或中低载荷下工作;T304较T306和T309具有更优异的润滑性能,在轧制过程中有效改善轧制过程特征参数和提高轧件质量,可作为铜板带轧制液高性能的极压抗磨剂。     

对分散在蜗杆油中的纳米颗粒摩擦学性能的试验研究

本文选用合成极压蜗杆油、未加油性剂和极压剂的半成品合成蜗杆油作为基础试验油，将超微金刚石颗粒、纳米铁颗粒和纳米铜颗粒分别以两种不同重量比分散到半成品蜗杆油中，在MM－200型磨损试验机上进行传统油性剂、极压剂与纳米颗粒的抗磨减摩性能对比试验研究。试验结果表明：纳米颗粒不仅具有良好的抗磨减摩性，并且在一定条件下，平均粒径尺寸为5nm的超微金刚石颗粒的抗磨减摩效果优于传统的油性剂和极压剂，可能成为新一代的抗磨减摩添加剂。     

磷酸三甲酚酯和 ＺＤＤＰ 的极压抗磨协同效应

利用四球试验机考察磷酸三甲酚酯 (TCP)和二烷基二硫代磷酸锌（ZDDP）的极压抗磨性能以及TCP和ZDDP复配后极压抗磨的协同效果。试验结果表明,TCP的抗磨性能要优于ZDDP,但ZDDP的极压性能要好于TCP;在较低的负荷下,TCP与ZDDP复配后能产生一定的协同抗磨效应;ZDDP添加剂可有效地改善TCP的极压性能。     

单胺基双巯基三嗪衍生物的合成及摩擦学性能研究

为改善锂基脂极压抗磨性能使其适应于更为苛刻的工矿条件,合成了一系列单胺基双巯基三嗪衍生物,使用四球机考察了添加剂在锂基脂中的极压、抗磨、减摩性能。结果表明,此类添加剂均能改善锂基脂的极压、抗磨、减摩性能,碳链最短的2-二正丁胺基-4,6-二巯基-1,3,5-均三嗪(DBAT)的极压性能表现最佳,能够使锂基脂的pB值提高约50%,在不同负荷或不同质量分数的条件下DBAT表现出了最好的抗磨效果。使用SEM与XPS分析钢球表面典型元素的分布情况与化学态,发现由无机硫酸盐、硫化亚铁及有机含氮化合物所组成的保护膜可能是摩擦学性能提高的主要原因。     

新型有机铋化合物的极压抗磨性能

利用四球试验机评价合成的环烷酸铋的极压抗磨性能以及与硫化异丁烯(T321)、ZDDP、磷酸三甲酚酯(TCP)、氯化石蜡(T301)常用添加剂之间的极压和抗磨协同性能。结果表明,环烷酸铋具有优良的极压抗磨性能,同硫化异丁烯之间有突出的极压协同作用,与ZDDP和氯化石蜡之间也有良好的抗磨协同作用和极压协同作用,可显著提高润滑油的极压性能和改善抗磨性能;但与磷类添加剂(磷酸酯)的协同性较差。     

添加剂对水基乳化液极压性能的影响

采用MS 800A四球摩擦试验机,考察了7种新型添加剂在乳化液中的极压性能.并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能量色散谱(EDS)对摩擦表面进行微观分析.实验结果表明:氯化脂肪酸DA8527能在金属表面形成承载能力很强的保护膜,具有很好的极压性能;加入少量的酯类添加剂GY25和油酸异辛酯IPO时乳化液就能达到较高的p值;多硫化物RC2540对提高乳化液极压性有一定的作用,硫化脂肪RC2526和氯化石蜡P51NR的极压效果一般,水溶性磷酸酯L P 700极压性能较差.     

固体添加剂、摩擦改进剂在锂基润滑脂中的应用研究

针对常用复合锂基润滑脂存在的润滑极压抗磨性不足等问题,研究不同固体添加剂、摩擦改进剂对复合锂基润滑脂极压抗磨减摩性能的影响。结果表明,固体添加剂对复合锂基润滑脂极压抗磨性能影响较大,其中PTFE和二硫化钼组成的复配剂可使润滑脂得到优异的极压和抗磨性能;摩擦改进剂Priolube 3986复酯和硬脂酸复配具有协同作用,可明显增强润滑脂的抗磨减摩性能;固体添加剂和摩擦改进剂对润滑脂的润滑作用可以优势互补,全面提升润滑脂综合性能。     

化学结构对二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸镧摩擦学性能的影响

为研究新型油溶性稀土极压抗磨添加剂二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸镧(LaDTCs)的结构与性能关系,合成了9种含不同碳原子数的伯、仲烷基LaDTCs.利用四球试验机考察了其在500SN基础油中的摩擦磨损性能和极压性能,并探讨了烷基碳链的长短和伯、仲烷基结构对LaDTCs性能的影响.结果表明,含2～8碳烷基的LaDTCs均具有较好的抗磨减摩性能和极压性能.随着碳原子数的增加,LaDTCs的摩擦学性能明显提高,其中伯烷基LaDTCs的抗磨减摩性能优于仲烷基LaDTCs;含仲烷基的LaDTCs极压性能优于含伯烷基的LaDTCs.     

固体添加剂和摩擦改进剂对锂基润滑脂性能的影响

针对常用复合锂基润滑脂存在的润滑极压抗磨性不足等问题,研究不同固体添加剂、摩擦改进剂对复合锂基润滑脂极压抗磨减摩性能的影响。结果表明,固体添加剂对复合锂基润滑脂极压抗磨性能影响较大,其中PTFE和二硫化钼组成的复配剂可使润滑脂得到优异的极压和抗磨性能;摩擦改进剂Priolube 3986复酯和硬脂酸复配具有协同作用,可明显增强润滑脂的抗磨减摩性能;固体添加剂和摩擦改进剂对润滑脂的润滑作用可以优势互补,全面提升润滑脂综合性能。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.