表面活性剂在油水界面的吸附行为

简要介绍了液液界面张力的由来,以及降低油水界面张力在石油工业中的意义;重点介绍了影响表面活性剂降低油水界面张力的因素,包括水相、油相、表面活性剂及使用条件。概括总结了类V型、类L型、类倒L型动态油水界面张力曲线,讨论了不同形状动态界面张力曲线与表面活性剂在油水界面处吸附、解吸行为的关系;简述了界面张力曲线形态间的相互转变。     

氨基磺酸型两性表面活性剂在石英砂上的吸附

通过静态吸附实验,研究了6种氨基磺酸型两性表面活性剂在石英砂上的吸附,讨论了溶液浓度、表面活性剂疏水基链长、温度和pH对吸附量的影响.结果表明:氨基磺酸盐在石英砂上的吸附具有Langmuir吸附等温式的特点;温度升高使吸附量降低;等温下,溶液浓度低于临界胶束浓度(cmc)时,表面活性剂疏水基链长对吸附量的影响符合Traube规则,溶液浓度高于cmc,疏水基链长增加,吸附平台下降,且疏水基碳数和饱和吸附量Tmax间呈线性关系;溶液pH的变化会导致氨基磺酸型两性表面活性剂和石英砂表面电荷不同,静电作用使吸附量随体系的pH不同而发生变化.     

硫酸介质中各类表面活性剂在锌表面上的吸附及其缓蚀作用

用失重法研究了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠（ＳＤＳ）,阳离子表面活性剂十二烷基胺（ＡＤＳ）和非离子表面活性剂聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚（ＯＰ）在硫酸介质中对锌的缓蚀作用,发现表面活性剂在锌表面上的吸附是产生缓蚀作用的重要原因,且吸附规律服从Ｆｌｏｒｙ－Ｈｕｇｇｉｎｓ方程,最后讨论了表面活怀剂的吸附取向。     

表面活性剂界面吸附的研究

综述了4种主要表面活性剂的界面吸附模型,有Langmuir吸附模型、Frumkin吸附模型、重排吸附模型和严格重排吸附模型;讨论了这4种吸附模型的特点和相互间的联系,并且介绍了这些吸附模型在表面活性剂界面吸附研究中的应用,旨在为吸附模型在表面活性剂界面吸附的研究提供系统的理论基础和理论指导。最后提出了这4种吸附模型在表面活性剂界面吸附研究中的应用前景。     

表面活性剂在油砂表面的吸附滞留性研究进展

为了弄清在化学驱尤其是三元复合驱过程中表面活性剂在地层岩石表面吸附损失的原因,本文在大量的文献阅读基础上综述了不同体系中表面活性剂在固-液界面的吸附机理,国内外在降低表面活性剂在油砂表面吸附的新进展,根据国内驱油用表面活性剂的性质特点,对降低表面活性剂在大庆油砂表面的吸附滞留方法提出一些新的见解。     

吸附伏安法测定阳离子表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度

以中性红为探针,用吸伏安法测定了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的临界胶速浓度,基本原理为：存在于表面活性剂溶液中的微量中性红在悬汞电极上的吸附伏安峰电流对表面活性剂浓度的曲线在临界胶束浓度处有一拐点,此点即为阳离子表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度。     

阴离子表面活性剂与阳离子表面活性剂的相互作用(Ⅰ)--表面活性

通过临界胶束浓度(cmc)、最低表面张力(γcmc)、表面吸附(Γ)、表面膜强度和表面润湿等,介绍了阴/阳离子表面活性剂混合溶液的表面活性。阴/阳离子表面活性剂混合溶液,消除了同电荷之间的斥力,形成了正、负电荷间的引力,十分有利于两种表面活性剂离子间的缔合,同时还增加了疏水性。因此,在适宜条件下,可以使胶团更容易形成,表面(或界面)上吸附量增加,使得复配溶液具有很低的表面和界面张力,提高表面活性。不仅等摩尔比的混合溶液的cmc和γcmc显著下降,非等摩尔混合也使cmc减小、γcmc降低。等摩尔混合溶液表面吸附层分子摩尔比近于1∶1,其他不同比例时,表(界)面层摩尔比在大多数情形中仍接近1∶1。吸咐层呈等比组成时达到最大电性吸引,表(界)面吸附量趋于饱和。与此同时,由于吸附层中分子间静电吸引力的较强相互作用,还使得表面膜机械强度增加,并表现出良好的润湿性能。     

非理想二元混合表面活性剂体系的表面吸附和表面张力方程

将非理想混有附理论与Ｓｚｙｓｚｋｏｗｓｋｉ方程相结合建立了二元混合活性剂体系的表面张力方程。应用于四个阴／阳离子二元表面活性剂混合体系，理论计算结果与实验结果完全符合，混合体系在表面张力降低效率方面的中 效应可以中表面有附自由能的下降和碳氢链在界面所占面积的减小来解释边四个体系是十圩醇聚氧乙醚硫酸三惭醇铵分别（１）十二烷基三甲基溴化铵，（２）十二烷基吡啶氯化物，（３）十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和（４）十     

碳氟表面活性剂在有机液体中的表面活性

从不同的碳氟链（ 包括四氟乙烯五聚体衍生物、全氟丙烯环氧齐聚体衍生物以及全氟烷基衍生物等） 出发, 制备了多种碳氟化合物。通过表面张力测定,研究了碳氟化合物在甲苯、正己烷、正癸烷、环己烷等烃类化合物以及在氯仿、硝基甲烷、二甲亚砜、正丁醇等极性化合物中的表面活性。探讨了表面活性剂结构对其表面活性的影响。     

Surface,Micellar, and Aggregation Behavior of Non-cytotoxic Imidazolium Gemini Surfactants

The micellar, surface, and aggregation properties of biocompatible, imidazolium-based hydroxyl group-containing gemini surfactants, 1,1′-(propane-1,3-diyl-2-ol) bis(3-alkyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium)bromide, [C_nIm-3OH-ImC_n]Br₂, were studied. The surface parameters like maximum surface excess concentration at air/water interface (Γ_max), the minimum surface area occupied by surfactant molecules (A_min) and the related thermodynamic parameters such as, standard Gibbs free energy of micellization (), standard free energy of adsorption (), and free energy of surface at equilibrium ) were also determined from the surface parameters. The aggregation behavior has been elucidated from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques which showed that these gemini surfactants have potential self-aggregation efficiency. Besides, some other physicochemical properties like foam stability, emulsifying power, and viscosity have been determined. The structural features of [C_nIm-3OH-ImC_n]Br₂ enhance their surface-active properties. These features of gemini surfactants are of primary significance from pharmaceutical and biomedical viewpoints. The gemini surfactants may have great implications in drug formulations and delivery owing to their prominent aggregation and non-cytotoxic nature.     

三聚磷酸钠在水泥颗粒表面的吸附行为及缓凝剂机理

本文通过测定不同三聚磷酸钠掺量下水泥颗粒的ζ电位,三聚磷酸钠的吸附量、钙离子浓度变化,分析了三聚磷酸钠在水泥颗粒表面的吸附特性,并结合水化热分析、水化产物的XRD、SEM分析,研究了三聚磷酸钠的缓凝机理.结果表明:三聚磷酸钠易与钙离子形成络合物,并吸附于水泥颗粒表面,当掺量为0.05％时,其吸附率可达到97％,当掺量为0.4％时,其吸附率可达到89％;形成的络合物[CaP3O10]3-存在于水泥颗粒表面,改变水泥颗粒表面电性能,同时抑制钙离子的溶出,降低液相中钙离子浓度,延迟水化放热,延缓水化产物形成,当掺量超过0.2％时,1d水化产物中无明显的CH.     

Synthesis,Surface and Antimicrobial Activities of Novel Cationic Gemini Surfactants

A series of novel cationic gemini surfactants [C_nH_2n+1–O–CH₂–CH(OH)–CH₂–N⁺(CH₃)₂–(CH₂)₂]₂·2Br^? [ 3a (n = 12), 3b (n = 14) and 3c (n = 16)] having a 2‐hydroxy‐1,3‐oxypropylene group [?CH₂–CH(OH)–CH₂–O–] in the hydrophobic chain have been synthesized and characterized. Their water solubility, surface activity, foaming properties, and antibacterial activity have been examined. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) values of the novel cationic gemini surfactants are one to two orders of magnitude smaller than those of the corresponding monomeric surfactants. Furthermore, the novel cationic gemini surfactants have better water solubility and surface activity than the comparable [C_nH_2n+1–N⁺(CH₃)₂–(CH₂)₂]₂·2Br^? (n‐4‐n) geminis. The novel cationic gemini surfactants 3a and 3b also exhibit good foaming properties and show good antibacterial and antifungal activities.     

表面活性剂在碳纳米管表面处理中的应用

介绍了表面活性剂在碳纳米管表面处理中的应用及现状,探讨了表面活性剂对碳纳米管表面改性的作用机理,提出在碳纳米管表面处理中应用表面活性剂的展望。引用文献34篇     

一种有色表面活性剂的合成及其表面活性研究

以邻氨基酚为原料,经过酰化、偶合反应合成了一系列不同碳链长度的3′ 脂肪酰氨基 4′ 羟基偶氮苯 4 磺酸,它们具有表面活性剂和偶氮染料的特征结构。这些褐色产物溶于强碱性溶液,其中脂肪酰氨基为12,14和16碳的产物具有表面活性,是有色的表面活性剂。其CMC以及CMC下的表面张力值均随着碳链增加而降低,由12碳酰氨基产物的0 0023mol/L及56 4mN/m下降到最低的16碳酰氨基产物的0 0009mol/L及48 6mN/m,表现出较好的表面活性,符合典型表面活性剂的规律。     

Anomalous Electromechanical Behavior of Portland Cement: Electro-osmotically-lnduced Shape Changes

The electromechanical behavior of hardened portland cement paste has been investigated as a function of measurement frequency and dc electrical bias, using an inter-ferometric technique. Large field-induced shape changes on the order of 100 A have been found in millimeter-thick specimens exposed to moisture. In addition, strong hysteresis effects were found on cycling a large ac field. Dry samples were found to exhibit no field-induced deformations. The mechanism underlying this anomalous behavior is believed to be an electro-osmotically induced swelling of the pore structures. Evidence in support of this hypothesis was found by corresponding investigations of porous silica gels.     

Surface and Biological Activity of Organoammonium Hydrogen Selenite Surfactants

In this article we show steps taken toward the development of bactericidal and fungicidal synthetic cationic surfactants by the reaction of decyl, dodecyl or tetradecyl amine with selenious acid to produce a series of quaternary ammonium salts which consequently converted to copper and cobalt cationic complexes via complexing them with copper (II) or cobalt (II) ions. Surface properties of these surfactants were investigated. The surface properties studies included critical micelle concentration (CMC), maximum surface excess (Γ_max) and minimum surface area (A _min). Free energy of micellization ( ) and adsorption () were calculated. The antimicrobial activity was determined via the inhibition zone diameter of the prepared compounds measured against five strains of a representative group of microorganisms. FTIR spectra, elemental analyses and ¹ H-NMR spectra were obtained to insure the purity of the prepared compounds

季铵盐型阳离子咪唑啉表面活性的测定

对合成得到的季铵盐型十六烷基阳离子咪唑啉进行了多项表面活性测定 ,其中表面张力为 48.2～ 5 2 .3kN·m-1;HLB值评价为 8,属水包油型表面活性剂 ;在硬水中的稳定性评价良好 ;发泡力大致与平平加O(n =15 )相当。证实它具有良好的性能。     

咪唑型Gemini表面活性剂的合成及性能

以咪唑、溴代烷烃为主要原料,将咪唑环的氮原子进行保护,经4步反应制得5个咪唑型Gemini表面活性剂(C10-2-C10、C12-2-C12、C14-2-C14、C14~(-4)-C14、C14-6-C14),用红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行了表征。它们的CMC依次为:2.7×10~(-4)、2.4×10~(-4)、2.0×10~(-4)、3.3×10~(-4)、3.9×10~(-4)mol/L;γCMC依次为:30.60、30.55、30.51、36.32、37.41 m N/m;在石英表面的最大接触角依次为:70°、73°、75°、72°、68°;最大泡沫高度依次为:87、99、125、186、231 mm;最大泡沫半衰期t0.5依次为:218、608、1 157、2 329、2 770 s。结果表明,C14-2-C14的表面活性最高,对石英表面润湿力最低;C14-6-C14的发泡能力和泡沫稳定性最强。当疏水链增长时,咪唑Gemini表面活性剂的表面活性、降低表面张力效率和接触角都增大;而当连接基团增长时,表面活性、降低表面张力效率和接触角都降低。