加速度计组件温度特性在系统建模

捷联惯导系统(SINS)内部工作温度的升高会引起其中加速度计组件输出脉冲产生漂移.分析了SINS初始对准精度与加速度计组件温度漂移的关系,设计针对双轴位置转台的五位置升温实验,分离出加速度计组件零偏、标度因数误差和温度之间的关系,最终通过多项式拟合建立起补偿模型.常温条件下(25℃～50℃)系统应用结果表明,该建模和温度补偿方法可以改善加速度计组件安装误差标定精度,并提高SINS对准精度和快速启动能力.     

基于多元回归模型的捷联惯性测量组件标定技术

应用多元统计分析方法,对捷联惯性测量组件(SIMU)的系统标定技术进行了研究.在考虑加速度计横向灵敏度影响的情况下,将SIMU加速度计组件视为一个整体,提出了SIMU加速度计组件的多元回归模型,并且给出了模型参数的估计公式.多位置标定及静态测试实验结果表明,采用多元回归分析可有效地标定出加速度计组件的刻度系数矩阵、等效安装误差矩阵和等效零位偏置向量.     

基于TLFK的单轴旋转SINS在线自标定方法

针对单轴旋转捷联惯性导航系统(SINS)中轴向陀螺常值漂移无法被调制抵消的问题,提出一种轴向陀螺常值漂移在线自标定方法.对轴向陀螺常值漂移误差传播路径进行了分析,指出影响轴向陀螺常值漂移估计精度主要因素包括等效东向陀螺漂移、"数学平台"失准角、等效北向加速度计常值偏置等.建立了在线自标定Kalman滤波估计状态方程和量测方程,并设计了一种基于两级Kalman滤波的在线自标定流程.进行了计算机仿真和实际系统验证实验,实验结果表明,第二级Kalman滤波器能够较好地估计得到单轴旋转SINS轴向陀螺常值漂移及其标度因数误差,经过误差补偿后,其24h位置误差由6.71n mile减小为1.96n mile,提高了导航系统定位精度,满足中等精度SINS长时间导航需求.     

激光陀螺捷联惯导系统的误差参数标定方法

为降低激光陀螺捷联惯导系统误差参数标定对高精度转台的要求,在不精确对北和调平的情况下,综合分析北向基准误差、水平基准误差、转台轴正交度误差、角位置误差以及标定时间等诸多因素,考虑对称位置和整周期旋转等编排原则,改进了速率标定方案,标定出陀螺仪的标度因数和安装误差,同时提出了一种十二位置连续转动标定方法,标定出陀螺仪的零偏以及加速度计的误差参数项.实验结果表明,与传统方法相比,标定精度相当,降低了对标定转台的要求,减少了标定时间,有较高的工程应用价值.     

基于谐波分析的捷联惯导系统加速度计组件标定技术

惯性器件误差是影响捷联惯性导航系统(SINS)精度的主要原因之一,任何由加速度计和陀螺构建的SINS在使用之前都须进行精确标校,以建立起惯性器件静态误差补偿模型。首先根据三轴加速度计组件的输出建立起加速度计输出模型;然后利用三角谐波的正交特性,设计了1 g重力场下的多位置转台翻滚试验,分离出加速度计组件的各项静态误差系数的解析表达式;最后,分析了由基准误差引入的参数标定误差。利用双轴位置转台对标定方法进行验证,结果证明此方法能够有效标定出三轴加速度计组件的刻度因数、交叉耦合系数和零位偏置,满足系统设计指标要求。     

一种新的无陀螺惯性测量组合标定方法

无陀螺惯性测量组合在角速率解算过程中不仅需要知道加速度计标定因数、零偏及实际安装方向向量,还需要准确获取加速度计的实际安装位置.针对上述特点,以加速度计输出模型为基础,提出并建立了一种广泛适用于各种无陀螺惯性测量组合的标定方法.该方法经转台位置和速率实验验证可以准确得到加速度计标度因数、零偏及安装误差,进一步提高了载体线加速度和角速率解算精度,从而为后续的姿态解算奠定基础.     

基于平台和正六面体的惯导系统现场标定技术

针对外场条件下的激光捷联惯组的标定问题,设计了一种适合外场标定的方案.在进行单一位置捷联惯导误差可观测性分析的基础上,提出一种基于平台及正六面体框架的外场标定方法.该方法仅通过翻转正六面体使对称位置误差相消,并且在对准中获取姿态信息,同时精确标定出陀螺漂移和加速度计零偏.最后对理论分析结果进行了仿真验证,仿真结果表明该...     

轴不对准角在挠性陀螺组合静态误差标定中的应用

陀螺组合的安装误差会引起陀螺漂移,从而对惯导系统产生影响。从挠性陀螺组合安装误差模型入手,推导出存在轴不对准角情况下的挠性陀螺组合静态误差标定模型,并给出静态误差标定的位置试验方案。提出的标定方案可以有效标定陀螺组合静态误差系数,从而减少陀螺漂移。     

IMU标定数学建模及误差分析

惯性测量单元（IMU）标定路径设计和数据处理方法取决于IMU标定数学模型,安装误差是决定IMU标定模型的重要因素。针对工程中加速度计和陀螺相对载体安装方式的不同,提出一种通过坐标系转换矩阵建立IMU标定数学模型的方法,推导IMU标定模型误差与载体角速度和加速度之间的关系,分析IMU标定模型误差对捷联惯性导航系统导航参数的影响,并利用转台提供的位置信息设计IMU标定路径和数据处理方法。仿真和转台实验结果表明：IMU标定数学模型误差引起捷联惯性导航系统速度误差、位置误差和姿态误差;安装误差的表现形式决定了IMU标定模型误差对系统导航精度的影响。     

基于旋转惯导双轴旋转系统的系统级标定

随着旋转调制惯导系统在空间飞行器上的逐步应用,低精度转台开始作为惯导系统的一部分参与导航过程,对基于旋转惯导系统双轴转台的光纤陀螺捷联惯导系统的系统级标定方法进行研究。建立附加约束条件和简化条件后的加速度计和陀螺的误差模型,在双轴转台上进行合理位置编排和转位,利用静态七位置下的捷联惯导输出数据做惯性导航,以速度误差和姿态误差作为观测量,建立Kalman滤波标定模型,系统辨识出三轴加速度计和陀螺的各项误差参数。通过计算机仿真验证,该方法能够准确利用滤波方法估计出陀螺和加表的共计21个器件误差参数,在工程上具有一定参考价值。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。