高压环道气体流量标准装置

介绍了中国计量科学研究院2014年建成的高压环道气体流量装置,并对其不确定度进行了分析。高压环道气体流量工作标准装置采用4台涡轮流量计作为标准表,具备2.5MPa、1600m3/h的测量能力。涡轮流量计标准表使用原位校准及“绝压+差压”的压力测量方式。装置的扩展不确定度为0.21%(k=2)。     

基于瞬时转速波动率的内燃机故障诊断方法研究

内燃机的瞬时转速包含着各个缸燃烧状态的重要信息,可以用于分析各个缸做功状态,诊断缸体点火相关故障,如燃料泄漏、气门泄漏和点火异常等故障。通过模型建立从理论上分析瞬时转速与气体压力扭矩、往复惯性力扭矩和阻力矩之间的关系,提出4个特征参数表征瞬时转速波动率波形及谐波特征,并通过仿真数据和实测故障数据证明瞬时转速波动率对于分析诊断内燃机点火故障的有效性,实现内燃机点火状态的早期预警。     

热真空低温环境实验台研制

为满足低温实验的环境要求,建设了液氮温度级别(80 K)的热真空冷阱低温环境实验台,可进行低温实验中压力与压差、温度与温差、流量与热负荷的测量.该实验台采用附加液氮冷阱的真空多层绝热结构,冷阱温度最低可达80 K,无负载时冷箱真空度可达0.000 03 Pa;在采用外循环工质时,测试压力范围为0-1 MPa、压差范围为...     

Intercomparison of gas flow-rate measurements at IMGC, Italy, and UASG, Germany, in the range from 10 to 10 Pa m/s

Primary standard gas flow meters are developed for various applications such as calibration of leak artefacts, generation of calibration pressures by dynamic gas expansion and calibration of secondary standard gas flow meters. The Istituto di Metrologia “G. Colonnetti” (IMGC), Italy, and the University of Applied Sciences Giessen-Friedberg (UASG), Germany, maintain primary flow meters based on different principles in order to measure small gas flows delivered either to vacuum (i.e. practically zero pressure) or to atmosphere (ambient pressure). The principle, design and properties of these flow meters are described. Comparison of the primary standard flow meters maintained at these laboratories was performed over a range from 3×10⁻⁸ to 7×10⁻⁴ Pa m³/s with nitrogen, using a crimped capillary leak as a transfer standard. IMGC was the pilot laboratory. During the intercomparison, the transfer standard changed by ca. −2% for flow to vacuum and by ca. −4% for flow to atmosphere without obvious reason. The results of the intercomparison show that the laboratories agree within their expanded uncertainties over the measured range of gas flows.     

基于有限元法的模糊参数二维声场数值分析

为了分析不确定性二维声场,引入模糊集概念描述声场的物理参数、载荷和边界条件的不确定性,推导了分析模糊参数下二维声场问题的相关计算公式。在不同隶属度的截集下通过对模糊动刚度矩阵和模糊载荷矩阵进行泰勒展开,再用纽曼展开对模糊动刚度矩阵泰勒展开式的逆进行转化,采用摄动有限元法求解,最终得到模糊参数下的声压解集。以二维管道声场模型和某轿车二维声腔模型为研究对象分析了模糊参数下的声压响应,结果表明该文方法能有效分析模糊参数下的二维声场,具有重要的工程应用价值。     

基于组态王的热能表自动检定装置

利用流量传感器、配对温度传感器、PC机、PLC为主要硬件,组态王软件为开发平台,构建热能表自动检定装置。根据检定点,控制流量阀、调频水泵,输入被检表的读数,装置自动采集到流量值、温度值、压力值,计算出热能表各个检定点的相对误差。实现可视的操作界面、保存检定数据、打印检定证书等功能。     

A Series-Parallel Heat Exchanger Experiment

An experimental apparatus has been designed to test the use of cross flow heat exchangers. Three identical fin-tube type cross flow heat exchangers are mounted on a board instrumented with thermocouples, flow meters, and a pressure transducer. The apparatus can be set to test the performance of a solo heat exchanger, two or three heat exchangers in series or parallel, or combinations incorporating both series and parallel configurations. The apparatus is relatively simple, inexpensive, and versatile. It may be used in a variety of configurations for several types of student laboratories ranging from demonstrations to design projects. The use of an apparatus such as this gives students hands on experience with experimental procedures and helps them to gain a physical understanding of heat transfer phenomena.     

PRELIMINARY PERFORMANCE TESTS OF A PULSED JET PLEATED PAPER CARTRIDGE FILTER SYSTEM

A pulsed jet pleated paper cartridge filter system was tested for particle removal efficiency and operating stability using agricultural limestone as the test dust. The test system consisted of 6 pleated paper filter units arranged in parallel, each unit having an effective filtration area of 18.1 square meters. The system was operated at constant pressure drops of 6.25, 7.50 and 8.75 kPa (2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 inches of water), with face velocities of 0.78 to 1.04 m/ min (2.5 to 3.4 feet per minute) and dust loadings ranging from 0.5 g/ m to 2.5 g/ m³. Penetration through the media appeared to be relatively independent of dust loading, and efficiencies were in the 99.95 + % range. Slightly lower efficiencies were found for particles having diameters of 0.3 to 1.0 micrometers. A measure of the redeposition of dust pulsed from the filter was required to describe the effects on the pulse rate caused by changes in system flow and pulsing set point. Increased redeposition was found to occur with increasing flow rate, causing an increase in the pulse rate required to maintain operation of the system at a pulsing set point. Overall, the reverse pulse jet pleated paper cartridge filter system displayed extremely high particle removal efficiency in a compact unit that operated with low differential pressure.     

Fluid flow identification on base of the pressure difference measured on the secant of a pipe elbow

The paper presents a new method for indirect flow rate measurement in elbow flow meters. The idea of the method consists in selecting such a Reynolds number value, assumed as a coefficient in fluid flow equations, which fulfils with set accuracy the condition of equality between the measured and the computed pressure difference at the end points of the secant of the elbow arch. The calculus takes into account also the accurate flow geometry, the values of coefficients which describe the thermo-physical properties of the fluid at the measurement temperature, and proper equations of the turbulence model. A special test stand was arranged in order to implement the proposed method in practice. The numerical computations were carried out using the software package FLUENT 6.1. The results of calculations were compared with the corresponding results of measurements achieved on the stand, as well as ones found in the bibliography [?, ?]. A comparison of the outcome of calculations with experimental readings shows a high grade of consistence.     

PRELIMINARY PERFORMANCE TESTS OF A PULSED JET PLEATED PAPER CARTRIDGE FILTER SYSTEM

ABSTRACT

A pulsed jet pleated paper cartridge filter system was tested for particle removal efficiency and operating stability using agricultural limestone as the test dust. The test system consisted of 6 pleated paper filter units arranged in parallel, each unit having an effective filtration area of 18.1 square meters. The system was operated at constant pressure drops of 6.25, 7.50 and 8.75 kPa (2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 inches of water), with face velocities of 0.78 to 1.04 m/ min (2.5 to 3.4 feet per minute) and dust loadings ranging from 0.5 g/ m to 2.5 g/ m³. Penetration through the media appeared to be relatively independent of dust loading, and efficiencies were in the 99.95 + % range. Slightly lower efficiencies were found for particles having diameters of 0.3 to 1.0 micrometers. A measure of the redeposition of dust pulsed from the filter was required to describe the effects on the pulse rate caused by changes in system flow and pulsing set point. Increased redeposition was found to occur with increasing flow rate, causing an increase in the pulse rate required to maintain operation of the system at a pulsing set point. Overall, the reverse pulse jet pleated paper cartridge filter system displayed extremely high particle removal efficiency in a compact unit that operated with low differential pressure.     

压力仪表现场校准环境影响因素试验研究

通过设计并实施一系列环境试验,分析得到了典型被校压力表与数字压力计在不同温湿度环境下的环境影响,为压力现场校准数据修正提供依据和参考,提高现场压力校准的准确度和可靠性。     

槽式孔板差压信号的高阶统计量特征

针对气液两相流流过槽式孔板时产生的差压信号呈现出的非高斯特性,提出了一种基于高阶谱技术的信号分析方法.通过对槽式孔板两端差压信号进行的双谱分析,提取了不同流量下信号的非高斯特征.以信号的双谱幅度最大值和双谱切片幅度最大值作为特征参数,对不同流型、流量下差压信号偏离高斯分布的程度进行了定量估计.结果表明,提取的特征值不仅可作为气液两相流流型转变的判据,而且还为进一步优化两相流流量计的设计提供了参考.     

爆破漏斗形成过程的DDA模拟分析

对于块体等非连续介质在外力作用下运动或破坏规律的模拟,有限元(FEM)和离散元(DEM)法有一定的局限性,而非连续变形分析方法(DDA)更适用。本研究中,利用二维DDA对有、无节理面强度两种情况下一半无限域内球形药包爆炸时爆破漏斗的形成过程进行了动态模拟,并对模拟结果进行了分析和比较。结果表明,用DDA法模拟被节理分割的岩体在爆炸载荷作用下块体的运动规律具有独特的优越性,但它还不能模拟爆炸近区的特征。     

A portable set for testing electricity meters

Conclusions This portable set may find a wide application both in State Inspection Laboratories for Measuring Equipment and in establishments connected with the testing and repair of electricity meters, in particular in Base Laboratories for Departmental Inspection. It is therefore advisable to organize mass production of these sets.     

THE AUTOMATION OF THE LAY-UP AND CONSOLIDATION OF PEEK*GRAPHITE FIBER COMPOSITES*

The processing of PEEK/graphite fiber composites is characterized by an inordinate amount of hand labor. This greatly increases the cost, time, and inaccuracy involved in production. Automation of the lay-up and consolidation steps are a prerequisite for the widespread application and acceptance of these, as well as all, high performance materials. Automated techniques for the lay-up and consolidation of PEEK/graphite fiber composites have been developed and are presented in this paper. Discrete part lay-up schemes utilize robotic manipulators and specially constructed tables and allow any lay-up configuration to be automatically produced at high production rates. The size of the discrete parts was limited to 4 by 4 meters by design, not by any inherent difficulties. This size can be increased by enlarging the lay-up table. The length of a continuous sheet was limited by the length of the PEEK/graphite fiber prepreg material currently available. Its width was also restricted to 4 meters by design, but also can be increased to the desired width. Continuous consolidation methods were designed for both discrete and continuous parts. Heating is performed by quartz radiative heaters and consolidation pressure is produced by pressure rollers. These processes were designed taking into consideration     

水压爆破拆除管形立柱支撑的皮带机通廊

框架结构的皮带机通廊由两排钢筋混凝土管形立柱支撑 ,立柱外径 1 5m、内径 1 1m、高约10m。在两排立柱上布置不同的炸高 ,利用水压爆破方法破碎管形柱 ,使通廊定向倾倒。在通廊平台的梁、柱上布置钻孔 ,并在通廊倾倒过程中起爆 ,使整个框架解体。文中介绍了爆破参数的选取、药量计算、起爆网路的设计、药包防水处理以及布药和注水工艺。     

全民设计的试练场

在曼谷市区北部的Chatuchak周末市场租个小摊子,周末的时候开店迎客,工作日正常当上班族,一个业余设计生意就可以开始了。这是很多泰国设计师事业起步的地方,只在周末开放的集市,以十万方的体量迎接来自世界各地的采购者,也许一位不起眼的”伯乐”的慧眼识珠,明日设计之星的道路便由此开启。     

大型多功能热声发动机的研制及初步实验 第一部分 热声发动机的研制

设计并制作了一台大型多功能行波热声发动机，该热声发动机长4．5m，高1．25m，设计最大输入功率5kW。它不仅可以用于行波与驻波混合型热声发动机实验，还可以单独进行行波环路实验及热声发动机驱动脉管制冷机实验。该热声发动机中没有任何运动部件，同驻波热声发动机相比起振温度低、压比大，这对低品位能源的利用具有重要意义。着重介绍该热声发动机系统的研制和测量系统的组成，相关实验结果将另文介绍。     

Vacuum membrane capacity meters with electrostatic compensation

We describe new features of vacuum membrane capacity meters with electrostatic compensation, which improves their performance and expands their functional applicability for measuring volumes with complex configurations and flow rates of small gas streams. The concept is based on introduction of an additional reservoir with mobile gas-impermeable gate. When connected to the chambers of pressure gauge converter, the unit reduces the chamber volume in the course of pressure measurement so as to modify the conversion ratio in the vacuum meter measurement equation.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 6, pp. 9–10, June, 1993.     

长江三峡工程诱发地震监测研究

随着长江三峡水库蓄水及蓄水量的变化，必将引起库坝地区局部介质受力状态、介质物理性质和区域应力场等的变化，从而可能诱发水库地震。为有效监测库区地壳变形、构造断裂的活动趋势、库盘沉降及水库诱发地震活动，在库坝区建立水库诱发地震监测系统是必要的。文章简要介绍了长江三峡水库诱发地震监测系统的建设情况。