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分析研究了某铀尾矿区植物资源,并对这些植物的铀积累作用进行了研究。结果显示,该尾矿区污染土壤上植物群落较简单,共有高等植物31种,隶属12科,其中:禾本科最多,12种;其次是菊科植物,5种;凤尾蕨科和莎草科植物各3种;其他科各1种。1年生或多年生草本植物有28种,占总数的90.3%,其他3种为灌木或小乔木。对这31种植物进行了铀含量测定,结果发现,铀富集量在200 mg/kg以上的植物有14种,占总数的45%,其中富集量在600 mg/kg以上的有3种,分别是水莎草、牧草、小飞蓬。植物体内铀迁移系数大于1的有9种,其中燕麦、牧草、鼠曲草、青蒿中铀的迁移系数较大。这31种植物中,可考虑将水莎草、牧草作为超富集植物应用于铀污染土壤的修复,小飞蓬、盐肤木、枸骨、燕麦、鼠曲草、碎米莎草、龙葵等对铀污染土壤的修复具有潜在应用价值,可进一步研究。 相似文献
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钚在放射性污染区沙漠植物中的含量 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
研究沙漠植物中钚的含量,对于评估沙漠植物受钚污染状况,寻找钚指示和超积累植物有重要意义。本文采集某放射性污染区内的植物并分析其中239Pu的含量,获得7种沙漠植物受239Pu污染的数据,据此分析影响植物体内核素含量的因素。所研究沙漠植物体内239Pu含量平均值为(1.8±4.9)Bq/kg(干重),明显受到钚的污染。再悬浮是造成植物表面污染严重的重要因素之一。植物体内钚的含量与植物种类、生长期、地表污染程度等密切相关。所研究沙漠植物中钚含量的大小顺序为:河西苣>芦苇>盐穗木>盐生草>黑果枸杞>刚毛柽柳>沙拐枣,其中草本植物中钚的含量均大于木本植物。 相似文献
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Conceptual questions concerning the development of a system of low-capacity nuclear power plants are discussed. The basic
properties which the nuclear power facilities of such plants must have are formulated. Questions concerning personnel training,
the control characteristics of a system of low-capacity plants, decommissioning, and the requirements for physical protection
are examined. The need to develop special normative documentation for low-capacity nuclear power plants is substantiated.
Questions concerning the ecological effects of low-capacity power generation are touched upon. 相似文献
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为评估沙漠植物受90Sr污染状况,寻找∞sr超积累植物,研究了沙漠植物中90Sr的含量及分布.通过采集放射性污染区内的植物,分析其90Sr含量,研究了生长在某污染场地的芦苇、黑果枸杞、河西苣、盐生草、刚毛柽柳、沙拐枣、盐节木等7种沙漠植物中90Sr的含量及其与植物种类、部位和生长周期的关系.结果表明,所研究沙漠植物受9... 相似文献
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G. I. Toshinskii O. G. Komlev P. N. Martynov A. E. Rusanov V. S. Stepanov N. N. Klimov A. V. Dedul S. N. Bolvanchikov 《Atomic Energy》2012,111(5):361-365
A condition for adopting low-capacity nuclear power plants in regional power generation is that they be competitive with thermal
power plants. However, it is much more difficult to make low-capacity plants competitive than the power-generating units of
high-capacity nuclear power plants, because as the capacity of a power source decreases the specific capital investments and
power generation costs increase much more rapidly. It is shown that the innovative nuclear power technology of lead-bismuth
cooled fast reactors, such as SVBR, based on the experience gained in operating nuclear submarines with chemically inert lead-bismuth
coolant, which does not require high pressure in the first loop, satisfies all requirements for low-capacity nuclear power
plants for regional power generation. 相似文献
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控制棒提升极限用于限定控制棒组棒位和可溶硼浓度的范围,以防止慢化剂温度系数突破限值。CAP1400核电厂采用机械补偿运行策略,使控制棒及硼浓度运行范围大为扩展,同时功能独立的M棒组和AO棒组同时插入堆芯使得插棒情况更为复杂,因此与传统核电厂相比,CAP1400核电厂的控制棒提升极限更难界定。本文建立了适用于CAP1400核电厂的控制棒提升极限分析方法,并给出计算结果。本文提出的方法合理地解决了复杂的控制棒运行情况给提升极限造成的影响,并充分地利用了电厂实测数据对提升极限进行修正。基于本文方法得到的提升极限精确且具备一定的保守性,所以便于电厂实际运行时使用。 相似文献
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目前我国在运核电厂和其他所有堆型(CPR1000、EPR和AP1000)的在建核电厂均缺少一套统一的放射性固体废物管理系统,缺乏对放射性固体废物从产生到最终处置的全周期跟踪管理。根据核电厂的放射性废物管理需求,研制了一套适合于各核电机型的核电厂放射性固体废物管理系统,对废物源项、处理、暂存、运输、处置全过程进行跟踪,使放射性废物管理安全、可控;研发了废物管理跟踪单和数据库,分析了废物管理工艺流程的逻辑关系,根据废树脂、浓缩液、废滤芯、检修废物等处理工艺分别设计了核素计算模型,可推算指定时刻的放射性水平,实现放射性废物数据的深度分析、应用以及对放射性废物安全管理的全过程追踪。研究成果已经在国内部分核电厂使用,有助于提高核电厂的放射性废物管理水平,具有较大的安全和社会意义。同时,该系统记录的数据有助于核电厂实现辐射防护优化设计和放射性废物最小化管理。 相似文献
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很多非核能工业已经广泛利用大数据和机器学习技术提升他们的生产力,而核电厂收集了大量历史、实时运转和维修数据,本论文提出核电厂"数字双胞胎"集成大数据和机器学习技术的构想,这就是数据驱动建模加上物理驱动建模的观念,这将更有效的利用核电厂历史和实时运转和维修数据,并依此开发预测维护系统和操作辅助工具,建立智能核电厂,目的是帮助核电厂的工程师和操作员更安全、更有效能地运转和维修核电厂。 相似文献
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B. K. Bylkin K. A. Gorelov I. A. Engovatov A. N. Zaitsev V. K. Zimin A. I. Musorin P. M. Rubtsov G. N. Nozdrin 《Atomic Energy》2009,107(6):369-373
Approaches to revising the documentation regulating the safety of decommissioning power-generating units of nuclear power
plants are examined. It is proposed that the concept of planning decommissioning for operating and newly designed power-generating
units of nuclear power plants at all stages of their lifecycle be introduced into the analysis. It is shown that the sections
concerning the decommissioning of the power-generating units of nuclear power plants be revised in documents validating operation
and decommissioning. 相似文献
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The paper covers the issues involved in considering seismic isolation for nuclear plants. The application of isolation techniques to non-nuclear installations is discussed. Its potential application to nuclear components and plants is considered and the lack of actual, experimental verification of novel techniques is portrayed. Finally a cost comparison, based on certain preliminary assumptions of isolated and non-isolated nuclear plants is made. 相似文献
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A system of requirements for low- and medium-capacity nuclear power-generating units with guaranteed market demand is presented.
OKBM Afrikantov has developed designs for reactor units for low- and medium-capacity nuclear power plants that can be used
as power sources in floating nuclear power plants for supplying heat and power in remote regions in the coastal zone, power-generating
units as components of nuclear water desalination complexes and for supplying power for marine oil drilling platforms, stationary
nuclear power plants for supplying heat and power in separate regions, large industrial enterprises, and cities. ABV, KLT,
RITM, VBER, and HTGR reactor units for power sources of this type are reviewed and their characteristic features as well as
those of nuclear power plants based on them are indicated. 相似文献
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