循环流化床锅炉燃烧系统动态数学模型与仿真

对循环流化床锅炉燃烧系统建立了动态数学模型,仿真了在参数和变动下锅炉的动态特性,模型沿气体和因体的主要流动方向将流化床系统划分成连续的一系列小室,在小室内对各物质建立了质量和能量的非稳态方程。同时,模型考虑了气固两相流动,煤颗粒燃烧,ＳＯｘ和ＮＯｘ的生成与还原反应及受热面上的热传递。针对一３５ｔ／ｈ循环流化床锅炉进行了动态仿真计算,仿真了给煤量降低及突然断煤事故。计算结果表明所建立的模型可以准确反     

循环流化床锅炉灰渣气力输送装置的应用

目前我国工业锅炉装备有５０万台。循环流化床锅炉是近几年在我国发展的新型高效工业锅炉和小电站锅炉,这一节能高效锅炉是今后锅炉的发展方向。由于循环流化床锅炉烟气出口尘浓度高达２０～３０ｇ／ｍ３,这样对该型锅炉的除尘和除灰提出了新的课题。我公司３台ＨＧ－ＣＰＣ７５－３．８２／４５０－ＷＭＩ型循环流化床（ＣＦＢ）锅炉,采用美国燃烧动力公司的ＦＩＯＩＲＣＴＭ细粒子循环床技术。对锅炉炉渣、烟道集灰、除尘灰均采用负压气力集中输送。结合我国的国情,部分关键设计采用美国ＤＥＬＴＡ／ＤＵＣＯＮ公司的负压气力输送技术…     

循环流化床锅炉运行中出现的问题及解决措施

我厂于2001年扩建了两台75t／h循环流化床锅炉(CFB)，运行两年来，在抗磨损和保证连续运行方面比较令人满意，但由于设计煤种(烟煤)与使用煤种(烟煤掺烧造气渣或气化炉渣)之间的差异，实际运行中出现了不同程度的问题，影响了锅炉出力效果。下面就75t／h循环流化床锅炉存在的问题及解决措施逐一进行讨论。     

三维电容层析成像传感器优化及循环流化床提升管轴向流动成像

由于多相流流动的复杂性和不透明性,对气固两相流循环流化床提升管轴向行为研究一直是亟待解决的难题。本文采用八截面三十二电极的三维电容层析成像（ECT）传感器,每个截面包含4个电极,分析了在不同轴径比（轴向长度与传感器内径之比）和不同电极覆盖率下的成像情况。仿真结果表明,当轴径比为8.3、电极覆盖率达到69%时,在保证成像质量的情况下达到最大的轴径比。开发了一套32通道的三维ECT数据采集系统用于流化床提升管流动成像,成像速度为每秒120帧。成像结果表明,当流化气速U_f为2.34m/s时,段塞流在加速上升到一定高度后,由于气速和颗粒速度差降低带来的曳力减小而破裂。本系统可以有效揭示循环流化床（CFB）的三维动态特征。     

ISO《测量不确定度表达指南》简介（上）

ＩＳＯ《测量不确定度表达指南》简介（上）国家技术监督局李慎安ＩＳＯ于１９８６年成立了一个工作组：ＩＳＯ／ＴＡＧ４／ＷＧ３。参加该工作组的国际组织除ＩＳＯ外，还有国际纯粹与应用化学联合会（ＩＵＰＡＣ）、国际纯粹与应用物理联合会（ＩＵＰＡＰ）、国际度量衡...     

含内构件的循环流化床的动态压力特性

针对含内构件的循环流化床,以石英砂为物料,使用动态压力传感器测量了含内构件的流化床中气固两相流的动态压力,分析了床内的瞬时压力特性. 结果表明,在进出口总压降中,文丘里压降最大,占主床压降的60%以上. 表观气速和固体颗粒循环流率共同影响循环流化床内的压力特性. 压力瞬时波动功率谱分析表明,压力波动对应一个主频,表观气速越小、颗粒循环流率越大时,压力波动越大,且循环流化床底部压力波动比上部大. 加入内构件能有效引导气流,使流动更均匀.     

X射线投影成像法测量气固流化床中的固含分布——（1）原理及图像处理方法

X光成像和CT在医疗、工业等领域获得了广泛的应用。本文在轴对称假设的条件下，将X光成像系统用于测量气固流化床固含分布。使用新型X光探测器和改进后的回归算法对投射图像进行重构还原，得到流化床中径向颗粒浓度分布。     

X射线投影成像法测量气固流化床中的固含分布?I 原理及图像处理方法

X光成像和CT在医疗、工业等领域获得了广泛的应用. 本文在轴对称假设的条件下，将X光成像系统用于测量气固流化床固含分布. 使用新型X光探测器和改进后的回归算法对投射图像进行重构还原，得到流化床中径向颗粒浓度分布.     

一种新的二氧化氯发生方法和装置

一种新的二氧化氯发生方法，是利用蔗糖与氯酸钠和硫酸，在适当物料比，反应温度、反应酸度、反应时间等条件下反应发生或生产ＣＩＯ２；实施ＣＩＯ２发生的装置是由多级的ＣＩＯ２反应器、自动投药系统、ＣＩＯ２投加系统、自动温控系统、自动排液系统和控制器组成。由本发明产生ＣＩＯ２的突出优点是成本低，易为用户所接受；其次是药剂转化彻底，产品纯度高。本发明提出的连续自动生产ＣＩＯ２的方法，可在我国水消毒及其它领域中     

浅谈燃用造气炉渣的中参数循环床锅炉的技术与经济

从循环流化床锅炉燃用中氮厂造气炉渣生产中参数蒸汽并入热电系统入手，介绍了三明化总厂正在建设的ＮＧ３５／３．８２Ｍ６型半露天式循环流化床锅炉的技术方案和经济效益。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。