微量元素Ti对热塑性的影响

<正>在钢中加入少量的Ti可以减少连铸坯横裂纹的发生,这是因为Ti(CN)的形成温度比较高,在钢液中就可以形成。由于Ti(CN)的高温溶解度低,在钢液浇注时过热度控制在液相线以上10~15℃范围内,则高温析出的细小、弥散的Ti(CN)成为钢液凝固时的形核核心,利于钢的结晶,细化钢的组织,减少粗大柱状晶和树枝状组织的生成。Ti含量高(Ti/N比高)的钢和其他N含量高     

含钛核心提高铁素体不锈钢等轴晶率的研究

阐明了铁素体不锈钢制品表面"皱折"缺陷产生的原因及对策,分析了目前改善铸坯凝固质量的各种方法的优缺点。基于前期的理论及试验结果,提出了采用含钛复合核心细化铁素体不锈钢凝固组织的思路,并进行了工业试验。试验结果表明,不加Ti板坯的等轴晶比例大约为30%,而添加了0.15%Ti的板坯等轴晶比例高达85%以上。对板坯中的含Ti核心类型进行统计,不同区域对应的核心类型不同,其中柱状晶区近50%的含Ti核心为Mg-Al-Ti(O,C),柱状晶向等轴晶过渡区Ti(C,N)、Ti N、Mg-Al-Ti(O,N)核心的数量相当,并且这些核心的外层均为Ti N,等轴晶区主要为Ti N核心,进一步证明了含钛核心是铁素体不锈钢凝固组织得以细化的主要原因。     

超声外场对AlTiC细化剂中TiC粒子过冷形核的影响

在7085铝合金凝固过程中添加质量分数为5%的Al-5Ti-0.2C细化剂,并施加超声外场,运用EPMA、SEM检测超声外场对铝合金溶质元素分布的影响,对比其铸锭凝固组织,探讨超声外场对AlTiC细化剂细化率的影响。研究结果表明:添加AlTiC细化剂的细化率为44.7%,再施加超声外场,细化率可再提高31.4%;EPMA元素面扫描结果表明,施加超声后Ti元素和C元素在晶界的聚集明显减少;SEM元素线扫描结果表明,施加超声外场使Zn、Mg、Cu主要溶质元素相对均匀地分布在铝熔体中;施加超声外场后,TiC粒子形核的成分过冷度增大并且过冷度局部差异减小,有利于形成均匀细小的等轴晶组织。     

HRB500E抗震钢筋中钛化物析出热力学分析

 钢液凝固过程中钛化物在液相、固相的存在形态对固相组织的性能有着重要的影响,其第二相析出起到细化晶粒的作用。为分析HRB500E抗震钢筋钢中TiN、TiC、Ti(C,N)析出物的析出规律,对TiN、TiC、Ti(C,N)析出物进行热力学计算。结果表明,TiN、TiC在钢液成分均质状态下难以析出,TiC_0.19N_0.81在温度为1 843 K时析出;在凝固过程中,由于Ti、N在凝固前沿富集,TiN在凝固过程中具备析出的热力学条件,析出温度为1 745 K;在固相奥氏体中,TiN和TiC粒子具备析出热力学条件,TiC析出温度比TiN的低,铁素体中有TiC的析出。     

IF钢中Al_2O_3-TiN复合夹杂生成机理研究

通过形核理论解释了IF钢中Al2O3-Ti N的形成机理。RH中加TiFe合金化后由于局部wTi.wN浓度积有很大的过饱和度,满足异质形核条件,Ti N会以钢液中Al2O3为核心生成Al2O3-Ti N复合夹杂,但此时的Ti N并不稳定会随着钢液中wTi浓度的均匀而发生分解,在凝固过程中由于温度的降低和wTi的偏析会在凝固前沿Ti N再次析出。     

Al—Ti—C铝合金晶粒细化剂的研究进展

对新型铝金晶粒细化剂Al-Ti—C的研究进展，制备方法，细化机理进行了述评。Al—Ti-C晶粒细化剂中的异质形核核心TiC形核，而α—Al又包在Al3Ti外面，形核几率大于相同添加量的Al—Ti—B。细化效果更好。     

加入Ti细化碳钢中铸态奥氏体晶粒

研究了加入Ti对S45C钢铸态奥氏体组织的影响，Ti的加入量定为0—0．5m01％，加入Ti减小二次支晶臂间距来减小奥氏体晶粒平均直径。试验条件为0．03℃／s的冷却速率，随炉冷却。在加rri的试样中，由于在L＋γ-Fe＋Ti（C，N）相区内形成的Ti（C，N）粒子的钉扎作用，使奥氏体晶界固定在有Ti（C，N）存在的枝晶内位置，从而细化了奥氏体晶粒组织。随Ti加入量的增大，不是改变Ti（C，N）粒子尺寸，而是增加了Ti（C，N）粒子的数量，导致奥氏体晶粒的进一步细化。     

振动激发金属液原位形核的物理模拟

为了提高铸坯的等轴晶率、细化凝固组织,以30%氯化铵水溶液和铁素体不锈钢为研究对象,分别进行了物理模拟和浇注实验.结果发现:当一种带有冷却结构和高频振动的晶核发射器棒体插入氯化铵溶液时,在棒体表面将迅速形成大量的细小晶粒.这些晶粒在振动作用下被连续不断地弹射至溶液中,成为凝固过程中等轴晶的形核核心;晶核发射器的冷却强度越大、振动频率越高,则形成的晶粒数量越多且粒径越小;铁素体不锈钢液经振动激发形核处理后,凝固组织中的等轴晶率超过了80%.     

SWRH 92A帘线钢中异相形核TiN复合夹杂析出机制

摘要：高碳帘线钢中析出的非金属夹杂物如钛夹杂,对钢材疲劳强度影响巨大。系统分析过共析帘线钢中钛夹杂的析出行为对控制夹杂物形成及产品质量提升尤为重要。结合形核理论以及热力学耦合模型,对SWRH 92A帘线钢盘条存在的Al2O3 TiN复合夹杂物的形成机制进行了研究。结果表明：TiN夹杂在钢液凝固进程凝固分数约为0.866(温度为1457K)时开始析出;凝固前期Ti、N偏析比基本相当,然而当凝固接近结束时Ti的偏析比明显大于N,分别为6.059和2.367×10-6。TiN夹杂物形成过程中,其异相形核功小于均相形核功,异相形核半径大于均相形核半径,并且形核功与形核半径变化曲线在1457K时均达峰值。呈球形形态的Al2O3夹杂在TiN析出之前就已经析出,并且尺寸较小的Al2O3将被推动至凝固前沿被TiN捕获并以此为核心析出长大最终形成Al2O3 TiN复合夹杂。     

钢中第二相诱导铜元素析出的晶体学分析

对钢液凝固温度下钛的化合物、Al2O3、MnS等基底与形核相铜元素的二维点阵错配度进行了计算,并对其成为铜元素非均质形核核心的有效性进行了分析.结果表明:基底与形核相的错配度δ越小,越有利于非均质形核.Ti2O3、MnS和Al2O3与铜元素的错配度较小,具有良好的匹配关系,可以作为铜元素形核的质点并促进其异质形核.Ti2O3和MnS是钢中残余铜元素非均质形核的最有效核心;Al2O3为中等有效核心;TiC、TiN为无效核心.     

Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on the Solidification Structure of High Carbon Steel Containing Rare Earth Elements

The influence of ultrasonic treatment on solidification structure of high carbon steel with the addition of rare earth Ce was investigated. Effects of various ultrasonic power and treatment time on the solidification structure were studied. The results showed that ultrasonic treatment could obviously refine the solidification structure of high carbon steel containing rare earth Ce. With increasing ultrasonic power, a more refined structure could be obtained. When the ultrasonic power exceeded a certain degree, the effects of ultrasound on structure refinement were not increased significantly. Dendrites developed in the solidifying structure when the ultrasonic treatment times were 0 s and 20 s. However, a uniform and refined dendrite structure was obtained after ultrasonic treatment for 40 s. The solidification structure refinement of high carbon steel containing Ce was ascribed to the increased amount and decreased size of rare earth oxides and oxysulfides by ultrasonic cavitation, which could serve as heterogeneous nuclei of a new crystal phase.     

Effects of Cerium Addition on Inclusions and Solidification Structure of a Low-Nickel Si–Mn-Killed Stainless Steel

The effect of cerium on inclusions and solidification structure of a low-nickel Si–Mn-killed stainless steel is studied using laboratory experiments. When the cerium content in steel increased from 0 to 250 ppm, modification sequence of inclusions is Si–Mn(–Al)–O and MnS → Ce–Si–Mn–O–S → Ce(–Si)–O–S → CeS and CeC₂. The number density and area fraction of inclusion first decrease with the increase in the cerium content and then increase due to the formation of CeC₂ inclusions when the cerium content is bigger than 150 ppm, which is precipitated in solid steel during solidification. When the cerium content increases from 0 to 250 ppm, the fraction of equiaxed grain zones of steel ingot first increases and reaches a maximum value when the cerium content is 54 ppm; then the fraction of equiaxed grain zones decreases with the increase of the cerium content. 2D lattice misfit calculations are performed and it is found that there are no heterogeneous nucleation cores in the steel without cerium during solidification. For the steel with cerium, Ce_4.67Si₃O₁₃, Ce₂O₂S, and CeS inclusions act as heterogeneous nucleation cores, increasing the fraction of the equiaxed grain zone. Bigger effective heterogeneous nucleation cores number density leads to a larger fraction of the equiaxed grain zone.     

含Ti不锈钢冶金工艺进展

围绕含Ti不锈钢冶金工艺的研究进展,从冶金物理化学基础、氧化物和TiN夹杂的形成与控制、凝固过程TiN复合核心和Ti元素对不锈钢铸件力学性能的影响等方面进行了总结和讨论。主要的研究进展为:含Ti不锈钢在冶炼过程生成的Al₂O₃、镁铝尖晶石、(MgO?Al₂O₃)_rich?CaO?TiO_x等高熔点氧化物夹杂是导致含钛不锈钢连铸水口堵塞的主要原因;优化的Al、Ca、Ti的添加方式和炉渣控制工艺是夹杂物减少和低熔点化的重要手段;TiN夹杂的析出、扩散长大和碰撞聚合的基本规律是关注的热点,钢液中大尺寸氧化物夹杂会促进TiN团簇的形成;通过严格控制凝固过程TiN或氧化物-TiN复合核心能够促进δ-Fe异质形核,提高连铸坯等轴晶率;固溶Ti元素能提高奥氏体或双相不锈钢中铁素体含量,提升不锈钢铸件的拉伸性能。      

Effects of Solidification Conditions on Grain Refinement Capacity of TiC in Directionally Solidified Ti6Al4V Alloy

In this study, the effects of solidification conditions on the grain refinement capacity of heterogeneous nuclei TiC in directionally solidified Ti6Al4V alloy were investigated using experimental and numerical approaches. Ti6Al4V powder with and without TiC particles in a Ti6Al4V sheath was melted and directionally solidified at various solidification rates via the floating zone melting method. In addition, by using the phase field method, the microstructural evolution of directionally solidified Ti6Al4V was simulated by varying the temperature gradient G and solidification rate V. As the solidification rate increased, the increment of the prior β grain number by TiC addition also increased. There are two reasons for this: first, the amount of residual potent heterogeneous nuclei TiC is larger. Second, the amount of TiC particles that can nucleate becomes larger. This is because increasing the constitutional undercooling ΔT_c leads to the activation of a smaller radius of heterogeneous nuclei and a higher nucleation probability from each radius. At a cooling rate R higher than that in the floating zone melting experiment (R = 3 to 1000 K/s), the maximum degree of constitutional undercooling ΔT_c,Max has a peak value, which suggests that constitutional undercooling ΔT_c has a smaller contribution at higher cooling rates, such as those that occur during electron beam melting (EBM), including laser powder bed fusion (LPBF).

     

超声处理对高碳钢铸锭内气孔的影响

 研究了超声处理对高碳钢铸锭内气孔的影响。研究结果表明,在1 510 ℃较低温度的高碳钢液中进行超声处理后,铸锭内产生大量气孔;增大超声波功率、提高超声处理温度、采用冷却速度相对较慢的随炉冷却方式均可以降低超声处理后铸锭中气孔率。在1 570 ℃的较高温度下,超声处理具有一定程度的脱气作用,可以明显降低高碳钢铸锭中氮的质量分数,由未经超声处理时的97×10-6降低到处理后的49×10-6。     

Structure Evolution and Solidification Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steel in Pulsed Magnetic Field

 To understand the solidification behavior of austenitic stainless steel in pulsed magnetic field, the solidification process is investigated by means of the self made high voltage pulse power source and the solidification tester. The results show that the solidification structure of austenitic stainless steel can be remarkably refined in pulsed magnetic field, yet the grains become coarse again when the magnetic intensity is exceedingly large, indicating that an optimal intensity range existed for structure refinement. The solidification temperature can be enhanced with an increase in the magnetic intensity. The solidification time is shortened obviously, but the shortening degree is reduced with the increase of the magnetic intensity.     

Precipitation and Solid Solution of Titanium Carbonitride Inclusions in Hypereutectoid Tire Cord Steel

The properties of titanium carbonitride Ti(C_xN_(1-x))inclusions precipitated during solidification of tire cord steels and the thermodynamic conditions for their decomposition and solid solution during billet heating were investigated using a thermodynamics method.The solid solution of Ti(C_xN_(1-x))inclusions during high-temperature heating was also studied experimentally.The results revealed that:(1)the higher the content of carbon in the tire cord steel is,the greater the value of xin the Ti(C_xN_(1-x))inclusions is;(2)the higher the content of carbon in the tire cord steel is,the earlier the Ti(C_xN_(1-x))inclusions precipitated during the solidification process and the lower the solidification front temperature is during precipitation;(3)when an 82 Asteel sample was heated to 1 087℃,the Ti(C_xN_(1-x))inclusions possess the thermodynamic conditions of decomposition and solid solution;and(4)when 82 Asamples were heated to 1 150 and 1 250 ℃,the total number of Ti(C_xN_(1-x))inclusions larger than 5 μm in diameter decreased by55.0% and 70.3%,respectively.In addition,although smaller inclusions with diameter less than 2 μm continued to decompose when the sample was heated at 1 250℃for 2 hand then cooled to 1 000℃in the furnace,the number of inclusions larger than 5 μm in diameter increased.     

Effects of cerium addition on solidification structure and mechanical properties of 434 ferritic stainless steel

Effects of Ce refiners on the solidification structure and the mechanical property of ferritic stainless steel were investigated, the corresponding mechanisms were also discussed. The results showed that the solidification of the ferritic stainless steel was remarkably refined with 0.011 wt.% Ce and 0.023 wt.% Ce refiners. Ce played a great role of inclusion modification and the shape and size of the inclusions were changed by adding Ce. And after adding rare earth Ce, great amounts of high-melting point rare earth Ce inclusions(Ce_2O_3 and Ce_2O_2S) were formed. The fracture mode of 434 ferritic stainless steel was typical cleavage fracture, however, the ductility and the toughness of ferritic stainless steel was remarkably enhanced with 0.011 wt.% Ce and 0.023 wt.% Ce refiner. But the solidification structure and the mechanical property of 434 ferritic stainless steel could not be improved with 0.034 wt.% Cerefiner.