An example of dB/dt characteristics of the dynamic magnetic loss parameter

Ferrite cores are used for power electronics circuits operating under excitation conditions of frequency ranging from hundreds of kilohertz to several tens of megahertz. Development of a mathematical model enabling the estimation of the power loss of ferrites in high‐frequency regions, contributes to the designing of power circuits. The power loss in high‐frequency regions consists of hysteresis and dynamic magnetic losses. Although hysteresis loss does not depend on the excitation frequency, the dynamic magnetic loss increases with increasing excitation frequency. The dynamic magnetic loss parameter, λ_f, has been introduced for identifying the power loss in high‐frequency regions. In this study, λ_f − dB/dt characteristics are experimentally obtained by a newly introduced hysteresis model that uses a normal distribution function. It is found that the λ_f − dB/dt characteristics do not depend on the size of B − H loops. The instantaneous power loss of a ferrite core in the high‐frequency region can be calculated using the λ_f − dB/dt characteristics. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Mg_(1-x)Cu_xFe_2O_4铁氧体的结构、磁性能及损耗特性

采用固相反应法制备了Mg_(1-x)Cu_xFe_2O_4(x=0,0.4,0.6和0.8)系多晶铁氧体,分别采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对样品的结构和静态磁性能进行了表征,并测试了磁环在10k Hz~1MHz范围的磁导率、品质因数以及功率损耗。结果表明,Cu含量x=0~0.6时,样品均为单相立方尖晶石结构,Cu含量进一步增加至x=0.8时呈现大量的四方相另相;晶粒尺寸和密度均随x值增加逐渐增大,而电阻率则呈减小趋势;饱和磁化强度由20.7 A m2/kg逐渐增大到30.4 A m2/kg,矫顽力先减小后增大,在x=0.6时具有最小值445.7 A/m。利用适量的Cu2+取代Mg2+可以提高Mg1-xCuxFe2O4铁氧体的磁导率并降低其品质因数,样品的功耗相应地明显增大;在交变磁场频率为370k Hz时,磁通密度低于20 m T范围内,Mg_(0.4)Cu_(0.6)Fe_2O_4具有相对较高的功耗。     

Complex permeability of polycrystalline Mn-Zn and Ni-Zn ferrites

The complex permeability of ferrites is frequency dependent. The real part of the complex permeability deteriorates in a high frequency range and the imaginary part has a peak after starting the deterioration. This paper examines the possibility that the frequency characteristics for some ferrites can be approximately derived from a first-order linear differential equation for the magnetic field intensity and magnetic flux density. The first-order differential equation is expressed by the reciprocal of the complex permeability and provides first-order magnetic and electric circuits for ferrite cores. In contrast with the commonly used series R_s-L_s, circuit for the cores, obtained from B = (μ′ − jμ′)H, the first-order electric circuit derived consists of an inductance (L) and resistance connected in parallel. In this paper, it is demonstrated that the inductance L remains constant, whereas Ls decrease with the increase in frequency. In other words, the real part of the reciprocal of the complex permeability remains constant for an increase in frequency. In addition, it is found that the imaginary part of the reciprocal of the complex permeability is approximately proportional to the frequency. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 123(2): 1–7, 1998     

功耗测试过程中功率铁氧体磁芯的温升及其影响因素

对软磁材料的设计和应用来说,磁性参数测试的精确性至关重要。软磁材料测试条件各异,加上材料磁特性的非线性、不可逆性及对温度的敏感性,使得磁参数测试存在一定的偏差。选取适用频率范围较宽的功率铁氧体PC50磁环样品,通过对不同频率f及磁感强度Bm下的损耗测试过程中样品的温升进行监测,考查了磁芯损耗测量过程中不同励磁条件对样品温升的影响。结果分析发现,温升与测试时间、励磁信号的强度和频率呈正相关;根据损耗分离公式通过最小二乘拟合得出其函数关系式。拟合结果与实测数据对比表明该拟合方法可行,由此可估测任意测试条件下的样品温升,在测试前对可能因此引起的误差作出初步判断。     

脉宽调制激励下材料铁损自动测量系统研制

随着供电方式的变革,越来越多的电工设备工作在脉宽调制模式(PWM)的激励下,而通常铁心材料生产厂家只提供基于正弦磁密激励的铁损曲线,参考价值有限,另外商用的铁损测量仪均是基于正弦磁密模式,针对此情况,提出了一种铁损自动测试系统的硬、软件实现方案,详细阐述了其测量原理,推导了铁损测量误差的解析表达式,指出信号的相位差是影...     

Localized magnetic properties in grain‐oriented electrical steel measured by needle probe method

The accuracy of a needle probe method in measuring localized magnetic properties of grain‐oriented electrical steel sheets was investigated and its application studied. The measuring error for the localized flux density was determined to be less than 1.7% for a load on the needle tip lighter than 300 g when the yoke structure was symmetrical with respect to the sheet plane. The average of localized iron losses measured with the combination of a needle probe and a Hall probe was in linear relation to the overall losses in the sheet. This method revealed that the localized magnetic properties vary markedly from location to location inside the sheet, and that localized iron loss depends on the localized flux density, domain wall spacing, and yaw angle of grain orientation. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 126(4): 1–11, 1999     

烧结温度对超低损耗锰锌铁氧体性能的影响

使用同一配方制备得到的锰锌铁氧体坯件分别在1360℃、1330℃、1300℃下采用平衡气氛法烧结,制备得到致密的锰锌铁氧体磁环。SEM结果表明,降低烧结温度有效地减小了晶粒尺寸,消除了晶粒内部气孔,改善了晶粒均匀程度,使晶界更为清晰。电磁性能测试表明,在三种温度烧结得到的锰锌铁氧体材料的起始磁导率μi没有显著差异;饱和磁感应强度Bs随烧结温度降低有小幅上升;总功率损耗随烧结温度的降低而下降;并且在1300℃烧结的铁氧体材料的功率损耗(100k Hz/200m T,100℃)很低,约为255k W/m~3。通过损耗分离证实,总功率损耗的改善主要是涡流损耗大幅降低所致。     

外加磁场对石榴石铁氧体介电损耗测量值的影响和性能与缺铁量的关系

用普通陶瓷工艺制备YIGs、YGdIGs和BiCaVIGs等系列石榴石多晶铁氧体,按GB9633(等同IEC60556)标准在10.7GHz下测量了复合石榴石YIGs、YGdIGs和BiCaVIGs的介电常数ε′和介电损耗角正切tanδε,同时也测量了9.37GHz下的铁磁共振线宽DH。比较了加与不加稳恒磁场时ε′和tanδε的测量结果,讨论了加磁场后介电损耗的下降。此外还研究了tanδε和DH与缺铁量的关系,分析了DH最小值对应的缺铁量和tanδε最小值对应的缺铁量不重合的原因。     

锶铁氧体改性研究现状与进展

综述了国内外近年来在锶铁氧体改性领域的研究现状与最新进展。重点介绍了La系稀土离子、Ca、Al、Co等离子取代、共混复合、表面包覆、添加剂对锶铁氧体的组成成分、微观结构以及剩余磁感应强度、饱和磁化强度、矫顽力、最大磁能积等的影响,通过上述方法均能有效提升锶铁氧体的磁性能,最后对锶铁氧体的改性研究进行了展望。     

A study of the loss characteristics of the amorphous magnetic material under nonsinusoidal wave magnetic flux

This paper presents a study on iron loss characteristics of an amorphous magnetic material under nonsinusoidal wave magnetic flux. The iron loss characteristics of the amorphous magnetic material have been compared to those of grain‐oriented magnetic steel sheets. Measurements of the iron loss have been carried out by means of an SST. It was found that the ratio of the iron loss increase of the amorphous magnetic material under the excitation by distorted waveforms and symmetric PWM waveforms is lower than that of grain‐oriented magnetic steel sheets. On the other hand, the ratio of the iron loss increase of the amorphous magnetic material under the excitation by asymmetric PWM waveforms is higher than that of grain‐oriented magnetic steel sheets. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 150(3): 11–18, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20004     

高饱和磁通密度锰锌铁氧体材料研究动态

高饱和磁通密度锰锌铁氧体在清洁能源、LED照明、混合动力及电动汽车等新兴市场有重要的应用前景。要满足不断发展的市场要求,高饱和磁通密度锰锌铁氧体必须在保持高饱和磁通密度(Bs)之外、同时具有较低的损耗(Pcv)和较好的温度稳定性。目前,商业化的材料主要关注的是Bs(100℃)为450m T左右的材料,而实验室内则对Bs(100℃)大于500m T的材料进行了较多的研究。要提高Bs,主要通过增加材料中Fe2O3的含量和提高材料的密度,在这个方面现在的很多研究已经可以实现。要将Bs(100℃)大于500m T的材料大批量生产,主要的问题是降低损耗。降低损耗一般通过添加杂质和控制烧成工艺实现,此外还应考虑原材料的粒度、比表面积等粉体特性和造粒工艺。在保证Bs(100℃)的基础上改善材料的温度稳定性主要是引入Ni O等实现的。     

微波铁氧体介电常数测量值的尺寸因素修正

用普通陶瓷工艺制备了饱和磁化强度M_s为96 kA/m的钇钙钒石榴石铁氧体材料,在10.7 GHz下按照GB9633(等同IEC60556标准)测量了石榴石铁氧体的介电常数ε'及介电损耗tanδ_ε。实验表明测得的ε'值随试样直径的减小而降低。由计算公式分析了ε'随试样直径减小而降低的原因。给出了ε'测量值与试样直径关系的经验公式及ε'的尺寸修正系数,修正以后可以基本上消除ε'测量值中由试样尺寸引起的误差。最后讨论了介电常数和介电损耗的精准测量问题。     

10kV线路线损的理论计算及动态管理

应用办公软件EXCEL电子表格,结合10kV线路线损计算的数学模型和线路结构图,来完成配电变压器损失及线路理论线损的计算,并将理论计算值作为基础数据,对电网的结构、运行方式及实际发生的线损率进行定量考核。结合一具体实例,从EXCEL电子表格的应用到计算结果,对整个过程进行详细分析。     

采用不同厂家的NiO原料制备的NiZn铁氧体性能对比

采用传统氧化物法制备NiZn铁氧体材料,考查不同厂家的NiO原料对于高性能NiZn铁氧体材料电磁性能的影响.实验表明,NiO原料的纯度、颗粒尺寸、颗粒形貌严重影响材料的烧结活性和电磁性能.高纯度、颗粒尺寸较均匀、形状为松果状的NiO原料是制备高性能NiZn铁氧体材料的最佳选择.     

Fe_2O_3含量对MnZn铁氧体中Fe~(2+)量、磁性能及导电机制的影响

通过测量MnZn铁氧体的磁性能及Fe2+、Mn3+含量,考察了MnZn铁氧体中的Fe2+含量与配方中Fe2O3、MnO含量的关系及其对MnZn铁氧体磁性能的影响,并探究了MnZn铁氧体的导电机制。结果表明:随着(Fe2O3)a(MnO)b(ZnO)c主组成配方中a值递增(52.55≤a≤53.35)、b值递减(38.33≥b≥37.52),呈现出Fe2+、Mn3+含量均增加的趋势。随着Fe2+含量增加,Pcv谷底温度向低温方向移动,Pcv(min)先减后增,Pcv(20/70/100℃)均先减后增,均在Fe2+含量=1.55%附近达到最小值;起始磁导率μi(20/70/100℃)均先增后减。根据Pcv-Fe2+含量和μi-Fe2+含量两个关系图在Fe2O3=53.15mol%附近出现极值点这一现象,初步推测铁氧体Znα2+Mnβ-x2+Mnx3+Fey2+Feχ-y3+O4+σ(0.1794≥α≥0.1786,0.754≥β≥0.734,0.0031≤x≤0.0040,0.051≤y≤0.070)的导电机制为:y0.064时小极化子间的束缚能主导,y0.064时电子跃迁主导。     

空载状态下磁传动装置密封罩涡流损耗理论研究

针对实际应用中磁传动装置的涡流发热问题,提出一种简便实用的涡流损耗新算法。首先采用高斯计对空载状态下磁传动装置扇形气隙中磁通密度的分布进行测量,并利用MathCAD软件根据实测数据进行曲线拟合后,再采用傅里叶级数展开式中的梯形波曲线建立磁通密度的通用表达式,最终根据Maxwell方程推导出涡流损耗功率的理论计算公式,并针对实例进行计算。用ANSYS有限元分析软件进行模拟分析,得出涡流损耗的模拟实验值。结果表明,二者偏差只有2.2%,理论计算结果与采用ANSYS有限元分析软件模拟的结果具有很好的一致性。     

磁化铁氧体电磁参数的测试

为研究微波铁氧体器件,需要获知磁化后铁氧体的电磁性能参数。以具有高磁晶各向异性场的六角晶型铁氧体为材料,在22-40GHz的频率范围内对磁化后材料的共极化和交叉极化透射系数进行了测试,然后采用数值仿真透射系数与实验测试结果拟合的方法,得到了磁化六角晶型铁氧体的各向异性场H0为1095kA／m,共振线宽AH为7．5kA／m,饱和磁化强度Ms为160kA／m和在Ka频段时的介电常数ε约为22．1。结果表明六角晶系铁氧体具有高磁晶各向异性场,借助这些已获知的电磁参数,就可以使用此种材料进行微波铁氧体器件的研究与设计。     

电机定子铁损试验研究与对比分析

通过铁损试验的实例，对铁损试验的磁通进行了分析。指出铁损试验磁通与电机实际运行的磁通二者之间的差异，并分析两磁通存在差异的原因。     

包覆锰锌铁氧体的FeSiAl磁粉及其磁粉芯性能

用化学共沉淀法在扁平化的FeSiAl粉末表面包覆不同含量的Mn-Zn铁氧体,经冷压成型制备磁粉芯,在660℃氮气保护下退火1h。用XRD分析粉末的相结构,用振动样品磁强计测试粉末的磁性能,用动态磁滞回线测试装置测试磁粉芯的功率损耗。研究结果表明,随着铁氧体包覆量的增加,铁硅铝磁粉饱和磁化强度下降,磁粉芯损耗降低。在100k Hz/300m T测试条件下,包覆量为6%时制备的FeSiAl磁粉芯的损耗降为46.5W/kg。继续提高铁氧体的包覆量,损耗变化不明显。     

电力变压器磁屏蔽模型涡流场和损耗的计算与测量

大型电力变压器铁磁结构件中产生的电磁损耗会导致局部过热并使相关的绝缘部件受到损害,进而危及整个变压器的正常运行,对面向工程的国际TEAM(Testing Electromagnetic Analysis Methods)Problem 21的磁屏蔽基准模型的涡流场和损耗进行了计算和试验测量研究,考虑了模型中铁磁材料的非线性、各向异性及磁滞等特性,提出了用于分离激励线圈电阻损耗和涡流损耗的测量方法(漏磁通补偿线圈测量装置),并用MagNet软件进行了数值计算.基准模型的计算和测量结果相吻合,验证了计算方法和软件的有效性.