过程系统用能分析

从热力学观点出发认识过程的用能。以系统工程的理论为推导,采用夹点技术对大型化工生产过程系统的用能情况,进行分析和诊断,寻找过程用能的“瓶颈”所在,提出“解瓶颈”的策略,并结合实际生产装置的节能改造,说明该技术的应用。     

Retrofit of absorption heat pumps into manufacturing processes: Implementation guidelines

Integration of absorption heat pumps (AHP) in industrial processes has not yet been fully exploited due to the lack of clear implementation guidelines for this technology. In this work, a systematic methodology for the integration of AHPs in a process has been developed and is presented. Guidelines are formulated for the proper selection of heat sources and sinks that will maximise the benefit derived from heat pumping while respecting process constraints and operating requirements of the AHP. The principles of AHP operation and its efficient process integration are thus described. The methodology relies on data extracted from a Pinch Analysis of the plant. The advantages and outputs of the methodology are illustrated using an AHP implementation in a Kraft pulping process. Two realistic implementation options are presented along with their detailed design and preliminary economic evaluation.     

热钾碱法脱碳节能技改设计

针对兴化集团公司热钾碱法脱碳工艺特点,介绍对Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期工艺进行的节能技术改造情况及改造后的实际效果。     

能源战略与过程工程

从上世纪开始,人类逐渐进入了以煤、石油、天然气等化石能源为主的年代. 进入21世纪,石油、天然气价格很不稳定,事实上已经把人们推进到3种能源共存,即化石能源、可再生能源和核裂变能源共存的年代. 在这个时代中,各个国家需要针对本国具体情况,开展能源的过程工程研究,解决石油和天然气价格飞涨的迫切问题. 到本世纪后期或下世纪初期,人类将会逐步进入到核裂变能源的时代.     

先进的高效合成与低能耗尿素工艺技术

介绍了高效合成、低能耗尿素技术(THESES)的工艺流程和技术特点;从能耗、设备布置、操作、维护和技术风险等方面阐述了THESES的技术优势。结果表明:1采用该工艺技术的尿素装置,吨尿素产品的蒸汽(2.4MPa)消耗可降至约750 kg,已达到或优于国际著名尿素专利商的最先进水平;2该技术特别适用于百万吨级大型尿素装置,也可用于水溶液全循环法尿素装置的节能增产改造。     

浅谈壳牌气化中节能技术

对壳牌煤气化装置在运行过程中的节能技术进行了系统介绍。主要包括甲醇合成弛放气回收用于气化热风炉作为燃料气使用;低温甲醇洗工序放空的二氧化碳气体回收后经压缩送至气化用作粉煤输送;渣水、灰水中滤出"煤泥"重新掺入原料煤中使用。并以我公司50万吨甲醇装置为例对各节能技术进行了相应的经济分析和经济效益核算。     

Hydrogen production via chemical looping dry reforming of methane: Process modeling and systems analysis

The present study presents and analyses a family of “chemical looping dry reforming” (CLDR) processes that produce inherently separated syngas (H₂ and CO) streams via a combination of methane cracking in a “cracker reactor” and the Boudouard reaction (i.e., conversion of the formed carbon with CO₂ to CO) in a “CO₂ reactor,” and then further maximize the H₂ yield via conversion of the produced CO via water-gas-shift. Remaining CO₂ emissions are minimized via CO₂ capture and sequestration. Four different configurations are evaluated which differ in how the heat required for the highly endothermic dry reforming reaction is supplied: (i) combustion of additional CH₄ feed (CLDR-CH₄); (ii) combustion of some of the CO produced in the CO₂ reactor (CLDR-CO); and combustion of some of the carbon produced in the cracker reactor with (iii) pure oxygen (CLDR-C-oxy); or (iv) with air (CLDR-C-air). Process models are developed to comparatively analyze the mass and energy balances of these configurations, and benchmark them against H₂-production via conventional dry reforming and steam reforming of methane. Our results show that CLDR-C-oxy is the most promising H₂-production pathway among the chemical looping and conventional technologies both in terms of chemical energy efficiency and in terms CO₂ emissions. Thus, the unique flexibility offered by the production of inherently separated syngas streams in CLDR enables overcoming the disadvantage of the strongly endothermic dry reforming reaction by combusting carbon internally in the reactor and thus achieving highly effective heat integration. Overall, the results support the technical viability and demonstrate the promise for strong process intensification of CLDR compared to conventional dry reforming and even steam reforming, the most widely used H₂-production pathway to-date.     

NHD脱碳工艺的应用总结

通过对脱碳工艺的改进，减少系统脱碳液中水分，从而降低冷冻负荷，达到节能降耗的目的。     

大型复杂过程系统用能的诊断与调优

针对大型复杂过程系统用能的诊断与调优,发展了夹点分析（夹点技术）方法。提出采用虚拟温度法,确定各流股匹配换热的传热温差;将过程的夹点分析区分为操作型夹点计算与设计型夹点计算两个层次：操作型夹点计算用于过程用能的诊断;设计型夹点计算指导过程用能的调优。基于以上改进,开发了大型复杂过程系统用能诊断与调优策略,并应用于国内某厂乙烯装置的节能改造,可使该装置吨乙烯能耗降低４．１８７ＧＪ。应用表明本文提出的方法是指导大型复杂过程系统用能诊断与调优的有利工具。     

氨法捕集CO2工艺研究进展

介绍了CO2捕集回收的工艺方法,简要分析了氨法捕集回收工艺存在的问题,以期利用化工模拟软件优化研究工艺参数,从而降低吸收成本。     

乙醛氧化生产醋酸装置的监控、先进控制优化控制及管理系统

介绍某厂乙醛氧化生产醋酸装置的监控、软测量、先进控制、优化控制及管理系统的方案以及实施的具体内容。     

大型煤气化装置的工艺技术性能及其在多联产系统组合中的节能减排评述

为科学评判大型煤气化装置的优越性和适用性,对比了我国引进开发的SCGP、Texaco、GSP3种煤气化技术的技术性能和配置特点;分别论述了壳牌干煤粉气化炉、德士古水煤浆气化炉、索斯泰克气化炉的工艺过程、气化特点、关键设备和应用效果;提出了煤炭气化发电同水电解氢多联产系统组合的CO2零排放工艺流程.     

Experimental study on CH* chemiluminescence characteristics of impinging flames in an opposed multi‐burner gasifier

The bandpass filtered images of impinging flames in an opposed multi‐burner (OMB) gasifier was visualized by a CCD camera combined with a high temperature endoscope. A filtering and image processing method by use of three bandpass filters was applied to subtract soot and CO₂* contributions in the CH* band and obtain the CH* chemiluminescence of impinging flames. The results show that a clear reaction core is generated in the impinging zone of four‐burner impinging flames. The size of the reaction core is affected by the O/C equivalence ratio ([O/C]_e) and the impingement effect is relatively stronger at lower [O/C]_e. The flame lift‐off length in the gasifier is jointly controlled by the syngas concentration and the diesel atomization effect. The impingement effect shortens the flame lift‐off length. The relationship between the syngas concentration and the maximum CH* intensity makes it possible to evaluate the syngas concentration from CH* intensity. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 2007–2018, 2017     

气-固-固流化床用于燃煤电厂尾气同时脱硫脱硝

采用新型干法气–固–固流化床反应器进行模拟燃煤电厂尾气的高效同时脱硫、脱硝. 在内径53 mm的流化床中,以砂粒作为固相介质、自制的K2CO3/Al2O3为吸附剂,考察了温度、吸附剂粒径、吸附剂活性组份(K)与气相中污染组份(SO2,NO)的摩尔比、模拟气中SO2/NO摩尔比等工艺条件对脱硫脱硝效率的影响. 在无氨条件下同时脱硫、脱硝的效率可分别达到100%和92%. 大量数据表明,尾气中的SO2对吸附剂表面NO的脱除反应有显著促进作用.     

Carbon capture from natural gas combined cycle power plants: Solvent performance comparison at an industrial scale

Natural gas is an important source of energy. This article addresses the problem of integrating an existing natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) power plant with a carbon capture process using various solvents. The power plant and capture process have mutual interactions in terms of the flue gas flow rate and composition vs. the extracted steam required for solvent regeneration. Therefore, evaluating solvent performance at a single (nominal) operating point is not indicative and solvent performance should be considered subject to the overall process operability and over a wide range of operating conditions. In the present research, a novel optimization framework was developed in which design and operation of the capture process are optimized simultaneously and their interactions with the upstream power plant are fully captured. The developed framework was applied for solvent comparison which demonstrated that GCCmax, a newly developed solvent, features superior performances compared to the monoethanolamine baseline solvent. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 166–179, 2016     

The potential of di-methyl ether (DME) as an alternative fuel for compression-ignition engines: A review

This paper reviews the properties and application of di-methyl ether (DME) as a candidate fuel for compression-ignition engines. DME is produced by the conversion of various feedstock such as natural gas, coal, oil residues and bio-mass. To determine the technical feasibility of DME, the review compares its key properties with those of diesel fuel that are relevant to this application. DME’s diesel engine-compatible properties are its high cetane number and low auto-ignition temperature. In addition, its simple chemical structure and high oxygen content result in soot-free combustion in engines. Fuel injection of DME can be achieved through both conventional mechanical and current common-rail systems but requires slight modification of the standard system to prevent corrosion and overcome low lubricity. The spray characteristics of DME enable its application to compression-ignition engines despite some differences in its properties such as easier evaporation and lower density. Overall, the low particulate matter production of DME provides adequate justification for its consideration as a candidate fuel in compression-ignition engines. Recent research and development shows comparable output performance to a diesel fuel led engine but with lower particulate emissions. NO_x emissions from DME-fuelled engines can meet future regulations with high exhaust gas recirculation in combination with a lean NO_x trap. Although more development work has focused on medium or heavy-duty engines, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the technical feasibility of DME as a candidate fuel for environmentally-friendly compression-ignition engines independent of size or application.