马来酸改性花生壳对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附性能

通过微波预处理和马来酸改性制备花生壳吸附剂，用于研究Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能，并进行结构表征，吸附条件优化，探讨等温吸附及吸附动力学特性。XRD分析表明：微波预处理后花生壳的结晶度明显下降。FTIR显示：改性后花生壳结构中有酯基和羧基成功引入。正交试验和单因素试验结果表明：pH值对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附影响最大，在温度80℃,投加量6 g,吸附时间45 min, pH=3,Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度30 mg/L最佳条件下，吸附率达到最大值99.3%,远高于未改性花生壳。吸附行为符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附模型，以单层吸附为主。     

Fe_3O_4@V_C磁性纳米粒子对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能

通过水热法合成Fe_3O_4@V_C磁性纳米粒子,采用透射电镜、红外光谱和X射线衍射等表征手段对合成的粒子结构进行表征。探讨了pH值、吸附时间、吸附剂用量、溶液初始浓度等因素对六价铬Cr(Ⅵ)吸附的影响,并对Cr(VI)的吸附热力学和动力学进行了研究。结果表明,在pH为1.50,25℃条件下,磁性纳米粒子对Cr(VI)的饱和吸附量可达39.12mg/g,吸附率为85%以上。吸附性能试验表明,磁性纳米粒子对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附符合Langmuir热力学模型和HO准二级动力学吸附模型。     

聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖/硝酸铈共混纤维毡的制备及其对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能

将不同质量比的聚乙烯醇(PVA)、壳聚糖(CS)和硝酸铈(Ce(NO3)3)溶于稀乙酸中,进行静电纺丝,制备PVA/CS/Ce(NO3)3共混纤维毡。运用扫描电镜和红外光谱对吸附前后的样品进行表征。研究了pH、时间、浓度对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附的影响。结果表明：纤维毡对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附是基团与基团的螯合作用,pH=4时吸附效果最好,吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附模型,对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附饱和量为59.81mg/g,Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率达到87%。     

废弃革制品中的皮革吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的研究

以废弃革制品中的皮革为吸附剂,进行了去除废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的研究。考察了废弃革制品皮革对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能。结果表明,废弃革制品中皮革吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附等温线可以用Langmuir方程拟合;随着吸附剂投加量的增加,Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率在不断升高最后趋于稳定;吸附时间延长,废弃革制品的皮革对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量逐渐增大,拟二级动力学模型适用于废弃革制品的皮革吸附剂吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附过程;溶液pH值增大,废弃革制品的皮革吸附溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量随之减小;而温度升高,废弃革制品的皮革吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量增大的幅度不是很大。故利用废弃革制品的皮革制备吸附剂吸附废水中的Cr(Ⅵ)具有一定的应用价值。     

胺化氰乙基木素吸附剂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附行为研究

通过对球形木素珠体(SLB)进行两步化学改性,接枝具有固化SLB自身结构和造孔功能的氰基官能团以及对重金属离子存在吸附作用的胺基官能团,得到胺化氰乙基木素吸附剂(SLBAN)。实验探索了SLBAN对Cr(Ⅵ)溶液的吸附行为,考察了SLBAN用量、吸附时间和pH值等因素对吸附的影响,并依据动力学和热力学模型进行分析。结果表明,SLBAN对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附符合准二级动力学模型;当吸附剂用量为2 g/L,pH值为2时,吸附约3 h达到平衡,Cr(Ⅵ)去除率达到86%左右,在328 K,SLBAN的饱和吸附容量为102 mg/g;吸附过程同时符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程,整个过程是自发的吸热反应过程,吸附过程为熵推动过程。     

超支化聚酰胺改性海藻酸钠微球对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附

采用先制备微球再接枝功能基团的方法,以自制超支化聚酰胺(HA)作为改性剂,用于海藻酸钠(SA)微球表面的胺基化改性,制备HA改性海藻酸钠(HA@SA)微球吸附剂。用FT-IR、EDS、XPS等分析HA@SA微球及其吸附前后结构的变化。通过批次吸附实验研究溶液pH对HA@SA微球吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的影响,进一步研究吸附动力学、吸附等温线和吸附热力学。通过吸附-解吸实验探究HA@SA微球的循环再生能力。结果表明,HA@SA微球对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附的最佳pH为2;用Langmuir模型计算,HA@SA微球对Cr(Ⅵ)的理论最大吸附量可达247.50 mg/g,比SA微球(24.86 mg/g)提高了8.96倍;吸附过程符合准二级动力学和Freundlich等温线模型,表明HA@SA微球对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附过程是由化学吸附控制的非均相多层吸附,吸热且可自发进行;在8次吸附-解吸循环后,HA@SA微球对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附能力仍能保留80%以上。     

乙胺基团增强聚吡咯材料对印染废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附

印染废水中的Cr(Ⅵ)是一种毒性较大的污染物,而功能化聚吡咯材料对重金属离子具有优良的吸附性。通过共聚改性法成功合成了一种新型复合吸附剂聚[1-(2-氨乙基)吡咯](PPy-NH2),并将其用作吸附水溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附剂,重点研究了该吸附材料去除Cr(Ⅵ)的影响因素和吸附机理。结果表明:PPy-NH2的吸附能力随溶液pH的降低而增强,当pH=1.6时,吸附量为164.3mg/g;吸附量随着PPy-NH2用量的增加而增大,当PPy-NH2用量为4 g时基本达到吸附平衡,去除率为97.11%;任一共存离子浓度增加均会降低PPy-NH2对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率。PPy-NH2复合材料是一种高效的Cr(Ⅵ)吸附剂。     

零价铁/氧化石墨烯复合吸附剂对染料和重金属的吸附性能

针对目前酸性染料染色废水中染料和重金属Cr(Ⅵ)引起的严重环境污染问题,以零价铁(Fe⁰)/氧化石墨烯(GO)复合物作为吸附剂,以分别含有弱酸性蓝AS和Cr(Ⅵ)的水溶液模拟染色废水,探究Fe⁰与GO的质量比、溶液pH值及染料与Cr(Ⅵ)的初始质量浓度对吸附性能的影响,考察Fe⁰/GO吸附剂对酸性染料与Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附机制,研究其吸附热力学与动力学。结果表明：Fe⁰与GO吸附剂在质量比为4∶1时具有最佳吸附效果,弱酸性蓝AS染液初始质量浓度为75 mg/L,温度为30℃,pH值为4.0时,12 h后去除率为85.6%,最大吸附量达到85.6 mg/g; Cr(Ⅵ)溶液初始质量浓度为75 mg/L,温度为30℃,pH值为3.0时,12 h后去除率为95.8%,最大吸附量达到95.8 mg/g; Fe⁰/GO对2种污染物的吸附过程均符合Langmuir模型和准二级动力学模型。     

改性玉米秸秆生物吸附剂的制备及吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的应用性能

通过预处理和酯化方法制备改性玉米秸秆,通过正交试验和单因素对比试验探究改性秸秆对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附机制与最佳吸附条件。结果表明:秸秆投加量和p H值对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附影响较大,在温度40℃,投加量0.04g,吸附时间45min,pH=3,Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度10mg/L最佳条件下,吸附率达到最大值96.8%,吸附容量为121mg/g,是未改性秸秆的10.3倍。FT-IR显示改性后玉米秸秆有酯基生成和羧基的引入,电镋扫描结果表明纤维素结构更加有序,改性玉米秸秆作为新型生物吸附剂用于吸附皮革废水中的Cr(Ⅵ)具有潜在应用前景。     

氨基化石墨烯/聚乙烯亚胺复合材料对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能研究

Cr(Ⅵ)具有较强的生物毒性,若未经妥善处置直接排入水体会对环境造成较大的影响。以氨基化石墨烯为填料,聚乙烯亚胺为基质,通过溶液共混-冷冻干燥可制得氨基化石墨烯/聚乙烯亚胺复合材料(GO-NH₂/PEI),研究结果表明,固定GO-NH₂的用量为35%,当溶液pH值为2、吸附剂用量0.4 g/L、Cr(Ⅵ)含量100 mg/L、吸附温度318 K和吸附时间300 min时,GO-NH₂/PEI对Cr (Ⅵ)的吸附量和吸附率分别为229.80 mg/g和91.92%。GO-NH₂/PEI对溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附行为更符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型,表明吸附过程是基于化学吸附的单层吸附。经过循环吸附再生第5次使用,GO-NH₂/PEI对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量207.92 mg/g,仍可保持90.48%的再生率,说明其重复使用性能良好。     

Removal of hexavalent chromium from wastewater using a new composite chitosan biosorbent

A new composite chitosan biosorbent was prepared by coating chitosan, a glucosamine biopolymer, onto ceramic alumina. The composite bioadsorbent was characterized by high-temperature pyrolysis, porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Batch isothermal equilibrium and continuous column adsorption experiments were conducted at 25 degrees C to evaluate the biosorbent for the removal of hexavalent chromium from synthetic as well as field samples obtained from chrome plating facilities. The effect of pH, sulfate, and chloride ion on adsorption was also investigated. The biosorbent loaded with Cr(VI) was regenerated using 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution. A comparison of the results of the present investigation with those reported in the literature showed that chitosan coated on alumina exhibits greater adsorption capacity for chromium(VI). Further, experimental equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms, and values of the parameters of the isotherms are reported. The ultimate capacity obtained from the Langmuir model is 153.85 mg/g chitosan.     

柳絮纤维生物质炭的制备及其对染料废液中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能

针对目前酸性媒染染料废水中的六价铬Cr(VI)对水体环境污染严重的问题,以柳絮纤维为原料,通过限氧裂解法制备了KOH活化生物质炭(CBK)、NaOH活化生物质炭(CBN),采用吸附批实验法研究模拟染料废液pH值、吸附剂投放量、温度效应等对柳絮纤维生物质炭吸附处理Cr(VI)的影响,利用动力学和热力学相关模型对吸附过程进行拟合,探究柳絮纤维生物质炭对Cr(VI)的吸附机制。结果表明:CBK较CBN比表面积显著增大,表面吸附位点增多;在模拟废液pH值为2时,CBK、CBN对Cr(VI)的理论最大吸附量分别为82.68、47.16 mg/g,且吸附过程符合Freundlich热力学模型和准二级动力学模型,吸附过程主要为多分子层吸附,同时还伴随着化学吸附,该吸附反应是自发进行且为吸热反应,温度升高可显著提高柳絮纤维生物质炭对Cr(VI)的吸附量。     

Hexavalent chromium removal by Osage Orange

This study explores the sorption potential of Osage Orange (Maclura Pomifera) for the removal of Cr(VI) ion. The influence of contact time, solution pH, initial metal concentration, amount of biosorbent and ionic strength on the removal of Cr(VI) ion was studied. The biosorption of Cr(VI) with pulp and peel was investigated in a batch arrangement. The initial and equilibrium concentrations of Cr(VI) ions in aqueous phase were determined by spectrophotometry. The sorption process was pH and concentration dependent. The sorption of Cr(VI) ions increased with a decreasing pH until pH 2. The increase in initial Cr(VI) ions concentration in aqueous phase increased the sorption. The sorption data fitted well with the Langmuir sorption model within the concentration range studied. The observed maximum biosorption capacity by Langmuir sorption model at pH of 2 for M. Pomifera pulp was 0.92 mmol of Cr(VI)/g and for M. Pomifera peel was 0.55 mmol of Cr(VI)/g.     

酿酒废弃葡萄皮渣对Cr(VI)的吸附能力研究

利用酿酒后废弃葡萄皮渣(WGP)作为吸附剂,对溶液中六价铬离子Cr(Ⅵ)进行吸附试验,研究了吸附时间、粒径、用量、溶液pH、Cr离子浓度对吸附率的影响。结果如下:WGP对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附4 h就基本达到平衡,吸附率为87.97%;粒径小于60目的WGP表现出更强的吸附能力;吸附率与WGP用量正相关,用量1 g以上吸附率趋于稳定在88%左右;WGP对Cr(VI)的吸附率随着pH值增加而下降,直至pH为3时,吸附率趋于平衡;溶液中Cr浓度越高,葡萄皮渣对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附率越高。研究表明:酿酒后葡萄皮渣具有较强吸附铬Cr(Ⅵ)的能力,可作为铬吸附剂,用于废水治理。     

酿酒废弃葡萄皮渣对Cr（V1）的吸附能力研究

利用酿酒后废弃葡萄皮渣（WGP）作为吸附剂,对溶液中六价铬离子c小,I）进行吸附试验,研究了吸附时间、粒径、用量、溶液pH、Cr离子浓度对吸附率的影响。结果如下：WGP对Cr（Xq）的吸附4h就基本达到平衡,吸附率为87．97％;粒径小于60目的WGP表现出更强的吸附能力;吸附率与WGP用量正相关,用量1g以上吸附率趋于稳定在88％左右;WGP对Cr（VI）的吸附率随着pH值增加而下降,直至pH为3时,吸附率趋于平衡;溶液中Cr浓度越高,葡萄皮渣对Cr（VI）的吸附率越高。研究表明：酿酒后葡萄皮渣具有较强吸附铬Ce（VI）的能力,可作为铬吸附剂,用于废水治理。     

Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution by activated carbon coated with quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine)

A composite sorbent (GAC-QPVP) was prepared by coating poly(4-vinylpyridine) onto a granular activated carbon, followed by cross-linking and quaternization processes. The sorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, point of zero charge measurement, and BET analysis. Batch experiments with variable pH, ionic strength, and concentrations of Cr(VI), sorbent, and competing anions were conducted to evaluate the selective sorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. The results showed that Cr(VI) sorption rates could be described by a reversible second-order kinetics, and equilibrium uptake of Cr(VI) increased with decreasing pH, decreasing ionic strength, and increasing sorbent concentration. The estimated maximum equilibrium uptake of chromium was 53.7 mg/g at pH = 2.25, 30.7 mg/g at pH = 3.65, and 18.9 mg/g at pH = 6.03, much higher than the maximum capacity of PVP-coated silica gel, an adsorbent for Cr examined previously. When compared with the untreated granular activated carbon, sorption onto GAC-QPVP resulted in much less Cr(VI) reduction and subsequent release of Cr(III). The effect of phosphate, sulfate, and nitrate was minor on the selective sorption of Cr(VI). An ion exchange model that was linked with aqueous speciation chemistry described Cr(VI) sorption reasonably well as a function of pH, ionic strength, and Cr(VI) concentration. Model simulations suggested that sorbed Cr(VI) was partially reduced to Cr(III) on the sorbent when pH was less than 4. The presence of Cr(III) on the sorbent was confirmed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis. Overall, the study has demonstrated that GAC-QPVP can effectively remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions under a wide range of experimental conditions, without significant Cr(III) release associated with the virgin GAC treatment.     

Fe3O4@VC磁性纳米粒子对Cr(VI）的吸附性能

通过水热法合成Fe₃O₄@V_C磁性纳米粒子,采用透射电镜、红外光谱和X射线衍射等表征手段对合成的粒子结构进行表征。探讨了pH值、吸附时间、吸附剂用量、溶液初始浓度等因素对六价铬Cr(VI）吸附的影响,并对Cr(VI）的吸附热力学和动力学进行了研究。结果表明,在pH为1.50,25 ℃条件下,磁性纳米粒子对Cr(VI）的饱和吸附量可达39.12 mg/g,吸附率为85%以上。吸附性能试验表明,磁性纳米粒子对Cr(VI）的吸附符合Langmuir热力学模型和HO准二级动力学吸附模型。     

Removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions by modified walnut shells

Walnut shell (WNS) (Juglans regia) has been utilised as an adsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solutions after treatment with citric acid. The modification reaction variables, such as citric acid level (5-10 g), reaction time (0-24 h), and temperature (110-130 °C) were studied in batch experiments. The rate of adsorption was studied under a variety of conditions, including initial Cr(VI) concentration (0.1-1.0 mM), amount of adsorbent (0.02-0.20 g), pH (2-9), temperature and contact time (10-240 min). Adsorption of Cr(VI) is in all cases pH-dependent showing a maximum at equilibrium pH values between 2.0 and 3.0 for citric acid modified walnut shell (CA-WNS). The applicability of the Langmuir, Freundlich and D-R adsorption isotherms has been tested for the equilibrium. Maximum adsorption capacities of CA-WNS and untreated WNS under experimental conditions were 0.596 and 0.154 mmol/g for Cr(VI) ions, respectively.     

十二烷基苯磺酸钠在纳米CaCO_3表面的吸附

为了更好地分析十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)作为分散剂时纳米CaCO3在水中分散的机制,研究水性体系中SDBS在纳米CaCO3表面的吸附情况。采用紫外可见分光光度法测定SDBS在纳米CaCO3表面的吸附量,讨论吸附SDBS后分散体系Zeta电位的变化,研究吸附的稳定性。实验结果表明:SDBS在纳米CaCO3表面的吸附量随着SDBS溶液质量浓度的增大而增加,当质量浓度大于2 g/L时,吸附达到饱和吸附;pH值对吸附量有一定影响,pH=7时的吸附量大于pH=11时的吸附量;吸附SDBS后,分散体系的Zeta电位有很大变化;SDBS在纳米CaCO3表面的吸附是一个自发过程,吸附比较稳定。