新型全集成CMOS射频接收器低噪声电源系统

针对CMOS射频接收器芯片,提出了一种新型全集成电源系统方案,相对于传统低压差线性稳压器（LDO）电源,噪声性能显著提高。在对片内模块电源域合理划分的基础上,设计了低噪声的新型电压源取代传统的带隙基准源（Bandgap）作为LDO提供参考电压,并通过对参考电压值巧妙设计,避免了使用LDO电阻反馈网络来调节输出电压,进一步减小了电阻引入的噪声。结合数字校准电路,本系统可以为片内各电路提供准确的电源电压。该设计在Smic0．18m工艺下后真结果表明,在100kHz处,新型参考电压源输出噪声为16．38nV／√Hz,片内电源输出噪声仅为21．28nV/√Hz。     

高性能可配置带隙基准源的设计

为满足高性能模拟及数模混合集成电路中多种基准电压的需求,设计了可配置,低温度系数和高电源抑制比的带隙基准电压源。通过逻辑电路控制,可配置电路使带隙基准源输出4种不同的参考电压;带隙基准源核心电路采用改进的Brokaw结构,输出电压为0.5 V。基于Chartered 0.18μm Mixed Signal 1P5M工艺模型,在电源电压1.8 V下,对设计的电路进行了仿真验证。仿真结果显示,可配置基准电压源可以实现4种不同的参考电压;在TT工艺角下,-40～125℃的温度范围内,基准源核心输出电压的温度系数达到9.2×10-6/℃;低频时,电源抑制比为107.2 dB,满足了设计指标要求。     

有源电子式电流互感器高压侧电路设计的改进

提出了一种新的有源电子式电流互感器的高压侧电路设计方案.通过改进传统积分电路并适当选取元件参数改善了积分电路的低频幅值特性,并通过调整输入与输出信号之间的夹角,在抑制低频干扰的同时实现了相位补偿.高压侧电路的供电电源直接取自母线,在供电电路中设计了电压比较调节电路和备用电池自动投切电路,通过比较调节电路使输出电压与基准电压相比较产生调节信号,完成了对输出电压的调节;通过备用电池自动投切电路检测供电电路的电压输入,在电压输入低于给定值时将备用电池投入使用.软件系统中采用准同步算法以减少同步误差.实测表明,该设计方案抗干扰性能良好,准确性较高.     

一种0.18μm的CMOS带隙电压基准

介绍了一种运用于混合信号电路的带隙基准电压源电路。电路采用共源共栅结构的高增益运算放大器,提高了电源抑制性能,运用曲率补偿技术减小了输出电压随温度的变化,同时采用二级运放作为电压输出的缓冲,通过电阻分压得到多个稳定电压输出。该电路采用SMIC 0.18μm工艺,使用HSPICE仿真,电源电压为3.3 V,温度为-20～120℃时,输出电压的温度系数为17×10^-6/℃;电源电压在2～5 V变化时,室温下的输出电压为1.230 V±1.88 mV。     

一种基于SVPWM的地铁应急空调电源设计

在地铁供电系统发生故障时,为了保证空调系统仍能正常工作,特为此设计了一种应急空调电源。该应急空调电源采用DC/DC/AC变换,将110V直流电变换为频率、幅值可调的交流电。DC/DC环节利用PI调节,可提供稳定直流电压;DC/AC环节采用SVPWM,输出可变频调压。输出交流电频率幅值可设定或随温度变化。系统采用全数字控制,可实现快速、精确的响应。最后,对5 kVA样机进行了试验,中间直流电压稳定,输出交流电压频率幅值均可满足要求,验证了电源的实用性。     

用于放电等离子体的重频固态纳秒脉冲电源

为提高放电功率、产生大面积等离子体,设计了一种高重复频率纳秒脉冲电源,其基本原理是采用高压截断法产生高压脉冲.选用通断速度较快的碳化硅(SiC)金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)产生纳秒级截断,进而可以大幅提高输出脉冲的重复频率;使用8个串联的MOSFET同步工作,以提高输出电压幅值.测试结果表明,该电源输出脉冲的电压幅值可达10 kV,脉冲上升沿约为12 ns,半高宽约为750 ns.负载为5 kΩ无感电阻时,连续运行重复频率可达100 kHz,爆发模式下重复频率可达1 MHz.电源带载能力较强,未击穿时输出电压脉冲波形基本不随电极负载发生改变.该电源可长期稳定工作,产生较大面积等离子体,满足了高重复频率纳秒脉冲放电的需求.     

新型选频调压电源的研制

给出了一种最新的实现AC～DC～AC转换的电源研制过程,由单相交流220V电压输入,经过不可调控整流电路和可控斩波电路,再进入可控逆变电路,最终得到连续可调的单相正弦波交流输出电压。同时,控制单元根据输入的同步信号,可以调节调制波的相位,实现输出电压相位0～360°范围内的调节,并且通过使用跳线电平来选用不同频率的电压。实验结果证明了此电源装置研制的可行性、有效性和实用性。     

多路精密超声波电动机驱动电源设计

超声波电动机驱动电源以直接数字频率合成技术为基础,通过FPGA输出8路PWM信号,再经隔离,2个全桥逆变电路和滤波电路,产生两路可精密调节幅值、频率和相位差的正弦驱动电压。电源驱动频率范围19.8~50 k Hz,频率分辨率为0.186 Hz;相位差调节范围0°~360°,相位分辨率最大为0.72°。该电源能为超声波电动机的控制提供保证。     

电工问与答

1、新型电源电压功率因数校正器(VSPFC)的工作原理是怎样的?VSPFC的基本思想是让电力系统电源电压的相位跟踪系统电源电压的相位。图为VSPFC的结 构简图,图中S1～S6为低开关频率的大容量GTO与电容器C构成PWM电压源递变器。通过调节G TO的导通时间和导通次序,可以控制递变器的输出电压及输出电流的相位和幅值,使该电路 吸收或输出满足要求的无功电流。考虑到递变器存在一定的能耗,设置D1～D2构成三相整流 电路,用以维持直流侧电容器的电压稳定。为了降低VSPFC的输出电压等级,VSPFC通过变压 器与电压系统相联。VSPFC…     

基于Marx电路的纳秒级高压脉冲电源设计

为满足等离子体污水处理对高压脉冲电源的要求,设计了一种基于Marx发生器的紧凑型、高重复频率纳秒级高压直流脉冲电源,该脉冲电源以绝缘栅双极晶体管(IGBT)作为放电主开关,并使用多输出磁环变压器为IGBT提供驱动信号。Marx发生器由25级电路组成,每级电路由IGBT开关、快恢复二极管以及电容器组成。充电时,通过电感和二极管对电容充电,减小电路功率损耗;放电时,电感对输出脉冲高电压与输入电源之间进行隔离。为了保护IGBT开关在短路等情况不被过电流损坏,使用了过电流保护电路。实验结果表明,输入电压为500 V低压时,串联25级电路即可获得最大幅值为10 k V、最小脉宽为400 ns且脉冲前沿为50 ns的高压脉冲,可实现反应器中气体的电晕放电,达到污水快速净化的目的。     

一种用于白光LED驱动的电荷泵电路设计

本文设计了一种用于白光LED驱动的电荷泵电路,可驱动4个白光LED,为彩屏LCD提供背景光源,单路最大输出电流20mA,采用数字调光方式,提供32级亮度输出。电路主要由数字调光、开关管、振荡器、带隙基准、温度保护、软启动电路等组成。本文详细讨论了其中的三大模块电路:数字调光、开关管、振荡器的电路结构、工作原理和性能特点。仿真结果表明,该电路功能与预期设计目标相符。     

A faster phase frequency detector using transmission gate–based latch for the reduced response time of the PLL

In this paper, we present a new design of phase frequency detector (PFD) without reset, such that the blind zone and dead zone issues in the phase locked loop are annihilated. The PFD is designed using transmission gate–based latches, which produce UP and DOWN pulses only when there is a distinct phase difference between the reference and divided frequencies. Thus, the continuous pulses that get produced by the conventional NAND gate–based latches are avoided, leading to reduced power consumption of the PFD. The charge pump makes use of an op‐amp used as a buffer, to reduce the current mismatch. The loop filter used is of second order, and the voltage‐controlled oscillator is of conventional current–starved type. The divider makes use of true single‐phase clock latches. It was found that the phase locked loop with new design of PFD, compared with the conventional design, consumes 27% lesser power, and the lock time is decreased by 79%. In addition, it was found that the control voltage swing is reduced by 71%, which leads to much lesser spur content at the output of the voltage‐controlled oscillator.     

A generalized family of memristor‐based voltage controlled relaxation oscillator

Recently, memristive oscillators are a significant topic in the nonlinear circuit theory where there is a possibility to build relaxation oscillators without existence of reactive elements. In this paper, a family of voltage‐controlled memristor‐based relaxation oscillator including two memristors is presented. The operation of two memristors‐based voltage relaxation oscillator circuits is demonstrated theoretically with the mathematical analysis and with numerical simulations. The generalized expressions for the oscillation frequency and conditions are derived for different cases, where a closed form is introduced for each case. The effect of changing the circuit parameters on the oscillation frequency and conditions is investigated numerically. In addition, the derived equations are verified using several transient PSPICE simulations. The power consumption of each oscillator is obtained numerically and compared with its PSPICE counterpart. Furthermore, controlling the memristive oscillator with a voltage grants the design an extra degree of freedom which increases the design flexibility. The nonlinear exponential model of memristor is employed to prove the oscillation concept. As an application, two examples of voltage‐controlled memristor‐based relaxation oscillator are provided to elaborate the effect of the reference voltage on the output voltage. This voltage‐controlled memristor‐based relaxation oscillator has nano size with storage property that makes it more efficient compared with the conventional one. It would be helpful in many communication applications.     

基于FGMOS的电压求和电流传送器及其应用设计

本文提出了一种基于FGMOS晶体管的电压求和电流传送器的设计。通过对FGMOS晶体管的等效电路分析,得到其框图和等效电路,并设计出了其电路结构;为了表明提出的电压求和电流传送器的可用性,将提出的电压求和电流传送器用于实现受控振荡器和电压求和放大器;通过SPICE的仿真结果表明,基于FGMOS的电压求和电流传送器不仅具有高的线性特性,而且其电压传递增益和电流传递增益分别可达0.99和0.98。此外,还有着很好的频率响应性能,?0.5V的低电源电压,79.8?W的低功耗和在14k?~2.1M?的线性电子可调谐电阻值。基于电压求和电流传送器设计的受控振荡器具有稳定的正弦输出,而且振荡频率值可以通过偏置电流来控制,设计的电压求和放大器具有高输入电阻和可控的增益。     

A wideband low‐spur 0.18‐µm CMOS phase‐locked loop with bandwidth calibration

This paper presents a 0.18‐µm complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor wideband phase‐locked loop with low reference spurs. The dual‐level charge‐pump current calibration technique is proposed to maintain a constant loop bandwidth for wide operation frequency range and achieve low reference spurs. The first level charge‐pump current calibration is seamlessly incorporated in the automatic frequency band hopping control and the mechanism also ensures enough negative transconductance for the voltage‐controlled oscillator to function throughout the whole frequency range. The charge‐pump current mismatch is calibrated by the second level charge‐pump current calibration combined with the pulse‐width scaling technique. The operation frequency range of the phase‐locked loop covers from 4.7 GHz to 6.1 GHz. The measured phase noise is?116 dBc/Hz at 1‐MHz offset and the reference spurs are below?66.8 dBc. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大功率微网逆变器输出阻抗解耦控制策略

针对微网逆变器孤岛并联时输出阻抗控制不能兼顾动态响应和并联均流的问题,提出了一种输出阻抗解耦控制策略。该控制策略根据dq坐标系中输出电压的戴维南等效模型,得到不同频段的阻抗特性,分离出动稳态输出阻抗,在dq坐标系中直接设计输出阻抗,用以动态响应和并联均流的解耦控制。在动态电压控制时,采用输出电流微分反馈控制和动态有源阻尼来减小动态输出阻抗;在均流控制时,增大稳态输出阻抗,从而获得了良好的动态响应和并联均流性能。实验结果验证了理论分析和控制方案的正确性。     

A series‐coupled LC quadrature oscillator using phase/amplitude calibration

In this paper, an analytic approach for the estimation of the phase and amplitude error in series coupled LC quadrature oscillator (SC‐QO) is proposed. The analysis results show that imbalances in source voltage of coupling transistor because of mismatches between LC tanks are the main source of the phase and amplitude error in this oscillator. For compensation of the phase and amplitude error, a phase and amplitude‐tunable series coupled quadrature oscillator is designed in this paper. A phase shift generation circuit, designed using an added coupling transistor, can control the coupling transistor source voltage. The phase and amplitude error can simply be controlled and removed by tuning the phase shifter, while this correction does not have undesirable impact on phase noise. In fact, the proposed SC‐QO generates a phase shift in the output current, which reduces the resonator phase shift (RPS) and improves phase noise. The phase and amplitude tunable SC‐QO is able to correct the phase error up to ±12°, while amplitude imbalances are reduced as well. To evaluate the proposed analysis, a 4.5‐GHz CMOS SC‐QO is simulated using the practical 0.18‐μm TSMC CMOS technology with a current consumption of 2 mA at 1.8‐V supply voltage. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于超低电压充电泵的单片机供电电源设计

针对以低功耗单片机为控制核心的间断工作系统,采用超低电压充电泵技术,结合升压型DC-DC变换器电路实现超低电源的升压和稳压.以太阳能电池板供电为例,利用S-822Z充电泵电路提供启动驱动信号,将电源供电电压扩展到0.3V,结合低压升压型S-8377控制器实现了在输出电流200mA、输出电压5V情况下,大于90%的大占空比升压、和稳压输出.给出了一个超低电压电源管理系统的设计方案,试验结果表明,该装置可利用超低电压输入实现稳定、可靠得稳压输出供电.     

Piecewise-linear modeling of I-V characteristics with SPICE

This paper presents a technique for piecewise-linear modeling of arbitrary nonlinear I-V characteristics with SPICE. In particular, I-V characteristics (including those exhibiting negative resistance) that lend themselves to piecewise-linear approximation are easily modeled using six elemental building blocks; three for voltage-controlled I-V characteristics and three for current-controlled I-V characteristics. The elemental building blocks are implemented with resistor, diode, independent voltage source, and independent current source SPICE primitives. Two of the elemental building blocks use the ability of SPICE to accept negative values for the resistance and diode saturation current parameters. The technique is applied to model a unijunction transistor and a tunnel diode. Two negative resistance oscillator examples which use these models are included; a current-controlled negative resistance sinusoidal oscillator (unijunction transistor) and a voltage-controlled negative resistance relaxation oscillator (tunnel diode). These examples have been used to teach the fundamentals of negative resistance oscillators and nonlinear effects to sophomores and juniors     

新型SRM功率变换器主电路研究

提出了一种新型SR电动机功率变换器主电路 ,和传统的不对称半桥电路相比较 ,新型电路所使用的主开关器件个数少 ;实现了主开关器件的零电压关断 ,改善了开关性能 ;续流时 ,绕组承受的反向电压可达正向导通电压的 2 5倍 ,从而使续流时间缩短 ,输出转矩增加 ,效率提高 ;利用LC谐振电路使续流时储存在电容中的能量转移到相邻相 ,提高了调速系统的功率因数。本文用非线性磁参数法 ,以 3相 6 / 4极SR电动机为研究对象 ,分别对传统不对称半桥电路和新型电路驱动时的稳态性能 ,进行了仿真研究。