铸造GrP?SiCP/ZA27混杂复合材料磨损行为的研究

本文研究了5vo l%G_rP 和10vo l%SiC_P 混合增强ZA 27复合材料滑动磨损行为。分折了在不同载荷(3～ 8kg)、不同滑动速度(0. 1～ 1m/s) 下的磨损机制, 并与SiC_P/ ZA 27复合材料和ZA 27基体合金作对比。试验结果表明: 混杂复合材料的耐磨性优于其它两种材料。这是因为G_rP 的加入提高了材料抗粘着和层离能力; 随着载荷或滑动速度的增大, 材质的磨面形貌和磨层结构发生变化, 由此得出其磨损机制也随之变化。     

纳米SiC晶须和SiC颗粒混合增韧ZrB2陶瓷性能

分别采用纳米SiC晶须(SiC_W)、SiC颗粒(SiC_P)及SiC_W与SiC_P共同增韧ZrB₂陶瓷,在1950℃、20 MPa压力、氩气气氛下热压烧结制备了致密的SiC/ZrB₂陶瓷材料。研究了SiC_W和SiC_P的添加量对于SiC/ZrB₂陶瓷材料的显微结构、力学性能的影响,并分析了SiC_W和SiC_P对ZrB₂陶瓷力学性能影响的协同作用和增韧机制。结果表明：含15 vol% SiC_W 的复合材料的韧性达到8.08 MPa·m1/2,含15 vol% SiC_P的复合材料的韧性达到8.515MPa·m1/2,共同添加15 vol% SiC_W和15 vol%SiC_P的复合材料的韧性最高达到9.03 MPa·m1/2。SiC/ZrB₂复合材料强度和韧性提高的原因在于SiC_W和SiC_P抑制ZrB₂晶粒长大,促进ZrB₂的致密化,此外,SiC_W和SiC_P的协同作用也有助于材料韧性的提高。     

SiCP/Al复合材料的拉伸性能

对高体积分数碳化硅颗粒增强铝基(SiC_P/Al)复合材料的拉伸强度进行了试验研究。发现在较高应力水平下经过2次卸载的试件与未做卸载的试件相比,拉伸强度变化很小,说明加载-卸载过程对材料的拉伸强度影响不大。在试验研究的基础上,使用ANSYS软件建立了有限元模型,对SiC_P/Al复合材料的拉伸特性进行了仿真模拟。研究结果表明,低体积分数SiC_P/Al复合材料的力学性能更接近塑性材料;而高体积分数SiC_P/Al复合材料的力学性能则接近于脆性材料。拉伸强度模拟计算误差非常小,基体破坏是导致高体积分数SiC_P/Al复合材料破坏的主要因素。     

Zr变质SiCP/ZA27复合材料在部分重熔过程中的组织演变

用扫描电镜(SEM)背散射成像技术对Zr变质SiC_P/ZA27复合材料在部分重熔过程中的组织演变进行了研究,并与未变质复合材料及基体合金作了对比。结果表明:经0.2 wt% Zr变质的SiC_P/ZA27复合材料在460℃加热过程中(0min~30min),其基体组织依次经历了晶臂的快速合并,晶粒的长大,晶界区域的熔化、组织分离,最后经球状化形成触变成形所需的粒径较为均匀、细小、圆整的半固态浆料,在随后的保温过程中(30 min~80 min)未发现明显的粗化现象;未变质复合材料则形成相互连接的不规则组织,即使经长时间的保温(80 min),也未全部球状化;基体合金组织的分离快于变质复合材料,但在保温中的晶粒粗化却较为严重。加热初期晶粒的快速粗化是由共晶组织向晶内的迅速扩散引起的。本文作者从相变角度分析了组织的演变过程。     

SiCP混杂对C/Al浸渍成型复合材料性能的影响

碳纤维经混杂SiC_P后用压力浸渍成型方法制备成C/Al复合材料,分析混杂的SiC_P对C/Al复合材料力学性能的影响。测试了制备成的复合材料性能,并用SEM对复合材料断面组织与断口形态进行分析。结果表明,混杂的SiC_P可以分隔纤维,有利浸渍,使纤维分布均匀从而提高了复合材料的性能,而用sol-gel方法涂复SiC层并混杂SiC_P可获得最佳的性能。     

SiCP/2024复合材料切削力与刀具磨损的试验研究

本文通过SiC_P/2024复合材料的车削试验,得出了刀具材料、切削用量及SiC_P含量对切削力和刀具磨损的影响规律。并认为K类硬质合金可用于粗加工和半精加工,而且要采用较低切削速度和较大进给量,但SiC_P含量较高时会出现切深分力大于主切削力。SiC_P含量越高差值越大;PDC是精加工最佳刀具材料,也不会出现切深分力大于主切削力现象     

增强体SiCP对SiCP/Al复合材料腐蚀行为的影响

通过周期浸润腐蚀实验研究了不同SiC颗粒尺寸(70、90、140、220μm)和不同SiC颗粒体积分数(42%、49%、55%)的SiC_P/Al复合材料在酸性环境中的腐蚀行为。采用失重法、金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪以及扫描电镜分别计算腐蚀速率、观测微观组织、分析腐蚀产物的物相组成以及观察表面形貌。结果表明：腐蚀前期,SiC_P/Al复合材料的耐腐蚀性能随着颗粒尺寸的减小而降低,腐蚀中后期,耐蚀性能随着颗粒尺寸的减小反而有一定程度的提高;SiC颗粒的存在一方面促进了点蚀的成核,另一方面又打断了基体的连续性,改变了点蚀的生长方式,抑制了点蚀的进一步扩展;SiC_P/Al复合材料的耐腐蚀性能随着颗粒体积分数的提高而降低,其腐蚀产物主要为氧化铝和非晶态硫酸铝化合物。     

原位生成TiB2/ZA27复合材料的制备与性能

以Al熔液为载体,采用原位反应生成形状规则、尺寸细小的TiB₂颗粒相,再将TiB₂颗粒传递到ZA27合金中,形成TiB₂颗粒增强的ZA27复合材料。采用合理的熔炼工艺促进了TiB₂颗粒在基体中的均匀分布。实验结果显示,TiB₂颗粒在ZA27复合材料中,分布均匀,平均直径在3 μm以下。TiB₂颗粒的加入使得复合材料的晶粒明显细化,并随着TiB₂颗粒含量增加,复合材料的抗拉强度、硬度明显提高,2.1%TiB₂/ZA27复合材料与基体合金相比室温抗拉强度提高13%、布氏硬度提高21%,弹性模量也有所提高,在强度、硬度及弹性模量提高的同时,材料的塑性并未恶化,延伸率略有提高,另外,材料的热膨胀系数随着TiB₂颗粒的加入有所降低。     

SiCP/ZA22 复合材料界面反应层形成机制

通过电镜观察和扫描能谱分析, 发现在SiC_P/ ZA 22复合材料中,SiC 颗粒和ZA 22合金富铝相α-A l 两相界面上存在着层状反应物MgAl₂O₄, 并对其产生条件进行了分析。结果表明: 在该复合材料制备温度范围内满足产生MgAl₂O₄的热力学条件, 反应层厚度符合S = A t 规律, 最终反应物量主要与合金中的M g 含量以及SiC 颗粒表面的SiO₂层厚度有关。     

疲劳氧化环境中3D SiCf/SiC复合材料损伤演变

研究了疲劳氧化环境中3D SiC_f/SiC复合材料损伤演变,并对该环境中SiC_f/SiC复合材料的失效机制进行了分析。结果表明,疲劳氧化环境中3D SiC_f/SiC复合材料的损伤主要为：基体开裂;热解碳界面相脱粘、氧化及取向性排列;纤维断裂、氧化及其结构的改变。这些损伤使氧化性气体通过基体开裂形成的裂纹不断氧化复合材料内部;界面相脱粘和取向性排列使纤维更容易拔出;纤维的氧化、纤维中无定形碳的增多以及SiC晶粒的长大导致纤维强度降低。     

Pretreatment process of SiC particles and fabrication technology of SiC particulate reinforced Zn–Al alloy matrix composite

Abstract

In the present paper, a novel pretreatment process for SiC particulate and a new mechanical–electromagnetic combination stirring process for fabricating Zn–Al(ZA27)/SiC_p composites are described. The optimal pretreatment route and the most appropriate SiC particle parameters were experimentally determined. The pretreated SiC particles were easily incorporated and dispersed in the ZA27 alloy melt and were not agglomerated before addition to the melt. The surface status of the SiC particles before and after pretreatment was observed and analysed by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that gas existing on the SiC particle surfaces by physical and chemical absorption was a significant hindrance to the incorporation and dispersion of SiC particles in the alloy melt. The gas absorption was induced by ultrafine SiC powders, fracture steps, and ions existing on the SiC particle surfaces. The carbon, silicon, and oxygen contents on the SiC surface were varied with different pretreatment techniques. Moreover, a dense layer of amorphous SiO₂, which improves wetting of SiC particles in the ZA27 melt, was formed owing to calcination of SiC particles in air. The new combined stirring process exploits the advantages of both mechanical and electromagnetic stirring of the melt at the different processing stages during fabrication. The microstructural characteristics of the resulting composites are: homogeneously distributed SiC particles, fewer macro gas blows and inclusions, and little shrinkage porosity in comparison to composites fabricated by a mechanical stirring process. Finally, the mechanisms of degassing and reducing the porosity and the number of oxide inclusions are discussed.     

Solidification and microstructure of ZA27/SiCp composite fabricated by mechanical–electromagnetic combination stirring process

Abstract

The solidification behaviours and microstructural characteristics of both ZA27/SiC_p composites and monolithic ZA27 alloy were studied by using differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, and X-ray diffraction. It was found that there were differences in the transformation temperature and volume fraction of the phases, although the solidification process was almost identical for the composite and the monolithic alloy. The incorporation of SiC particles in the ZA27 alloy led to slight refinement of primary grains and reduced volume fraction of eutectic-like phase. The SiC particles obstructed Zn diffusion in the residual melt during the formation of proeutectic β phase, but promoted Zn diffusion from (Al) to η (Zn) phase during eutectoid transformation. During solidification, Cu was mainly segregated in the final solidification regions; Mg was present not only in the matrix but also on SiC particles; and oxide inclusions were mainly distributed around SiC particles. The matrix microstructure for both materials mainly consisted of primary cores of Al rich +η eutectoid; β′ phase resulting from the eutectoid transformation of the proeutectic β phase; and Zn rich +η eutectoid resulting from the eutectoid transformation of the eutectic-like phase. The SiC particles were mainly distributed around the primary grains. Several new phases based on the Al–Zn–Mg–Cu system and interfacial reaction products, including Al₂₁Fe₃Si, Cu₅Zn₈, Mg₆Cu₃Al₇, MgAl₂O₄, and amorphous oxide inclusions, were identified in the final solidification regions. The nucleation of both primary phase and eutectic-like +η phase at the surface of SiC particles and their crystallographic orientation relationships were investigated theoretically and experimentally. No distinct crystallographic orientation relationship between the matrix and SiC has been identified, although the mismatch between (0001)_SiC and (111)_ was calculated to be as small as 7·6%.     

Microstructure, thermal behavior and mechanical properties of squeeze cast SiC, ZrO2 or C reinforced ZA27 composites

ZA27 alloy based composites were synthesized by stirring method, followed by squeeze casting. Stir casting was employed successfully to incorporate 5 vol.% of various reinforcement particulates, namely, SiC, ZrO₂ or C. The porosity in the composites was decreased by squeeze pressure. The presence of particles and/or application of squeeze pressure during solidification resulted in considerable refinement in the structure of the composites. The microstructures, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) results indicated that no significant reactions occurred at the interface between the SiC or C particles and ZA27 alloy. However, in case of ZrO₂ reinforced ZA27, the ZrO₂ reacted with Cu present in the molten ZA27 alloy, forming Cu₅Zr. Thermal analysis showed that both α and β nucleation and growth temperatures of the composites were lower than those of the ZA27 alloy. The presence of particles in the as-cast or squeezed composites led to not only an accelerated age hardening response, but also an increase in the peak hardness of the composites. The values of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the composites were drastically lower as compared to those of the ZA27 alloy. The tensile properties of the composites decreased as a result of the addition of the particles. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) pictures of the composites indicated that cracks mainly initiated at particle-matrix interface, propagated through the matrix and linked up with other cracks leading to failure of the composites.     

SiCP和短碳纤维混杂增强ZA27复合材料界面微结构研究

通过TEM对SiC_P和短碳纤维混杂增强ZA27复合材料界面特性和微观结构观察,发现SiC_P与基体之间的界面部分区域有不连续的界面析出产物.碳纤维与基体之间的界面结合较好,同样部分区域有不连续的界面析出产物.这些析出相均为铜锌铝相.此外,碳纤维与基体界面之间部分区域存在一层碳黑,这是因为碳纤维脱胶不完全引起的.此外,增强体微区分布不均匀,主要偏聚在ZA27合金最后凝固部位.     

Closed cell ZA27–SiC foam made through stir-casting technique

Closed cell zinc aluminum alloy (ZA27)–SiC composite foam has been synthesized using conventional stir-casting technique and CaH₂ as foaming agent. The synthesized foams are characterized in terms of its micro-architectural characteristics and deformation responses under compressive loading. It is observed that ZA27–SiC foams could be easily foamed without any difficulty. The density of the developed foam ranges from 0.25 gm/cc to 0.45 gm/cc due to the variation of CaH₂ percentage. The plateau stress and energy absorption of these foams follow power law relationship with relative density. Wherein, the densification strain follows a linear relationship with the relative density.     

离心高速电沉积Ni-SiC复合镀层的研究

利用自制的离心高速电沉积实验装置,研究了镀液温度、镀液pH值、电流密度、镀液中SiC浓度和阴极旋转速度对Ni-SiC复合镀层中SiC含量的影响;同时还对镀层中SiC微粒的分布情况及镀层的性能进行了研究。结果表明:温度、电流密度、镀液中的SiC含量及阴极旋转速度对镀层中复合粒子的含量有显著的影响,而pH值对镀层中SiC含量影响不大。利用离心高速电沉积方法能够制备出高体积分数的、微粒分布均匀的Ni-SiC复合镀层。所制备的高体积分数的Ni-SiC复合镀层硬度和耐磨性能优于普通槽镀镀层。     

The Performance of Zinc Alloy Based Metal Matrix Composites Produced Through Squeeze Casting

Zinc-aluminum cast alloys (ZA alloys) have good castability, mechanical properties and excellent tribological characteristics. Of all the ZA alloys, ZA-27 (containing 27% aluminum) has the highest strength and optimum wear resistance. However all the ZA alloys, including ZA-27, suffer from lack of creep resistance and high temperature stability. One probable solution to improve these properties is to reinforce the alloys with ceramic particles or fibers to result in metal matrix composites (MMCs). MMCs can be economically produced through squeeze casting which involves infiltration. This paper presents the salient features of an experimental study on ZA-27 alloy based MMCs produced through Squeeze Casting.     

电刷镀纳米Ni-P-SiC复合镀层性能的研究

纳米微粒加入镀液可提高镀层的性能,用电刷镀方法制备了纳米SiC/ Ni-P复合镀层,测试了纳米SiC微粒添加量对复合镀层的硬度、耐磨性的影响,探讨了纳米SiC微粒复合镀层的强化机制及Ni-P晶化过程中的强化作用.结果表明,采用电刷镀制备工艺,能在一定程度上改善纳米微粒在镀液中的分散均匀性并能提高复合镀层性能.在Ni-P合金镀液中适量添加纳米SiC微粒(7～10 g/L),纳米SiC微粒在形成复合镀层时能起到硬质点的强化作用,同时在Ni-P晶化过程中还能在细化晶粒中起到再强化作用.不仅能使镀层硬度提高1.5～1.8倍,还能提高其耐磨性.     

碳化硅颗粒表面吸附质对铝基复合材料制备及力学性能的影响

选用粒度为60～80μm的国产磨料级碳化硅颗粒作为增强体、以无压浸渗法制备高体份SiC_p/Al复合材料,采用超声清洗工艺对比研究颗粒表面吸附质对颗粒浸渗性以及复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:国产磨料级碳化硅颗粒表面普遍存在少量吸附质(<0.5%),吸附质以粒度更小(<5μm)的碳化硅颗粒为主,个别情况含有少量的游离碳。颗粒表面吸附质的存在严重影响了颗粒表面与熔融铝液的润湿性,并且会大幅度降低复合材料的密度和力学性能。超声清洗工艺可以有效去除碳化硅颗粒表面的吸附质,去除吸附质之后颗粒的浸渗成功率从25%提升至100%,复合材料的抗弯强度从320MPa提升至390MPa,弹性模量从203GPa提升至232GPa。