亚稳奥氏体型Fe-Cr-Mn(W,V)合金的组织稳定性研究

通过对形变奥氏体组织进行长期时效观察合金相演化过程 ,研究了低放射性亚稳奥氏体Fe Cr Mn(W ,V)合金的组织稳定性。实验表明 :合金在高于 40 0℃时 ,相平衡处在γ α σ三相区 ,低于 40 0℃可以保证亚稳奥氏体的稳定性。亚稳奥氏体可以发生γ→ε→α′→α转变也可以发生γ→γ(f)→α′(f)→α转变 ,ε马氏体不是γ→α转变的唯一中间过渡相。形变诱发ε马氏体形成过程中伴随奥氏体晶粒碎化 ,可产生细晶强化作用 ,这是开发亚稳奥氏体Fe Cr Mn合金的重要途径。     

高速钢激光表面熔凝层的显微结构SCIEI

本文对W_(18)Cr_4V高速钢进行激光表面熔凝处理,采用光学显微镜和透射电镜分析表明,熔凝层组织为极细的树枝晶。部分枝晶中心保留有δ铁素体。枝晶内为孪晶马氏体和少量位错马氏体,孪晶马氏体上沿孪晶面M_(23)C_6碳化物呈薄片状共格析出。枝晶臂间为富W,V和Cr合金元素的奥氏体和M_6C碳化物。     

亚稳奥氏体型Fe—Cr—Mn（W,V）合金的组织稳定性研究

通过对形变奥氏体组织进行长期时效观察合金相演化过程，研究了低放射性亚稳奥氏体Ｆｅ－Ｃｒ－ｎ（Ｗ，Ｖ）合金的组织稳定性。实验表明：合金在高于４００℃时，相平衡处在γ＋α＋α三相区，低于４００℃可以保证亚稳奥氏体的稳定性。亚稳奥氏体可以发生γ→α→α转变也可以发生γ→γ（ｆ）→＇（ｆ）→α转变，ε马氏体不是γ→α转变的唯一中间过渡相。形变诱发ε马氏体形成过程中伴随奥氏体晶粒碎化，可产生细晶强化作用，这     

奥氏体型Fe-Cr-Mn(W,V)合金相稳定性研究

通过形变加工和长期时效热处理 ,研究了 (C N)复合强化的Fe 13Cr 17Mn(W ,V)奥氏体合金的稳定性和相平衡特点。结果表明 :在 50 0℃以下合金奥氏体稳定 ,不发生γ→α转变。采用 (C N)复合添加晶粒细化 ,可有效抑制ε马氏体形成和σ相析出。 50 0～ 70 0℃长期时效后形变诱发大量碳化物析出 ,MS 点提高 ,加快形变诱发α′马氏体分解和再结晶 ,促使γ→α转变和σ相析出 ,合金奥氏体变得不稳定     

EFFECT OF AUSTENITIZING TEMPERATURE ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF A MEDIUM CARBON CrMnMo STEEL

本文研究了高温淬火0.5％C-CrMnMo钢高温回大状态的组织和强韧性。在高温回大状态下,这种钢可以通过适当提高淬火温度增加淬火组织中板条马氏体数量的方法,显著改善钢的断裂韧度K_(IC),并获得以塑性断裂为主的断裂特点。但是淬火温度过高,在板条马氏体边界会形成明显数量的残留奥氏体薄膜。这种残留奥氏体在500℃回火时,将促进渗碳体沿马氏体边界的连续分布,大大损害钢的断裂韧度,并使钢在断裂时表现出一定的晶间断裂倾向。延长500℃的回火时间,可以通过碳化物的球化和消除片状马氏体内的孪晶亚结构进一步改善钢的K_(Ic),提高断裂过程中塑性断裂的比例。同时,本文讨论了碳化物尺寸变化对裂纹扩展方式的影响。 试验分析表明,由于淬火温度改变而造成的K_(Ic)变化,可用Hahn-Rosenfield关系很好地表示出来。     

淬火温度对中碳钢的组织和强韧性的影响

本文研究了高温淬火0.5%C-CrMnMo钢高温回大状态的组织和强韧性。在高温回大状态下,这种钢可以通过适当提高淬火温度增加淬火组织中板条马氏体数量的方法,显著改善钢的断裂韧度K_(IC),并获得以塑性断裂为主的断裂特点。但是淬火温度过高,在板条马氏体边界会形成明显数量的残留奥氏体薄膜。这种残留奥氏体在500℃回火时,将促进渗碳体沿马氏体边界的连续分布,大大损害钢的断裂韧度,并使钢在断裂时表现出一定的晶间断裂倾向。延长500℃的回火时间,可以通过碳化物的球化和消除片状马氏体内的孪晶亚结构进一步改善钢的K_(Ic),提高断裂过程中塑性断裂的比例。同时,本文讨论了碳化物尺寸变化对裂纹扩展方式的影响。试验分析表明,由于淬火温度改变而造成的K_(Ic)变化,可用Hahn-Rosenfield关系很好地表示出来。     

Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢变形行为的原位分析

采用原位分析的方法研究了0.24C-10.46Mn-5.14Al(高锰)和0.24C-3.57Mn-4.99Al(低锰)两种轻质钢在室温拉伸过程中的相变行为。结果表明:层错能为29 m J/m2的高锰试验钢表现出了明显的孪晶诱发塑性效应(TWIP),层错能相近的低锰试验钢经拉伸后奥氏体含量明显降低,组织中出现了α'马氏体,在拉伸变形过程中呈渐进式转变的相变诱发塑性(TRIP)作用,其力学性能优于高锰试验钢;高锰试验钢中奥氏体碳含量越低,稳定性越差,其向ε马氏体的瞬时相变行为越显著,从而抑制了γ→α'的转变,导致其力学性能降低。     

固溶处理对铸态FeMnSiCrNi合金形状记忆效应和力学性能的影响

微观分析证实固溶处理消除了铸态下粗大的枝晶组织，获得了多边形的单相奥氏体，消除了铸态枝晶组织对应力诱发ε马氏体长大的阻碍，变形后获得了数量更多的应力诱发ε马氏体，提高了合金的形状记忆效应。固溶处理后的铸态FeMnSiCrNi合金断裂由铸态时的脆性断裂转变为韧性断裂，合金断后伸长率显著增大，力学性能得到很大改善。     

MECHANISM OF INTERGRANULAR FRACTURE OF AS-QUENCHED MARTENSITE IN HIGH CARBON STEELS

提出马氏体沿晶断裂机制:粗大奥氏体晶粒转变为马氏体时,以晶粒为体积膨胀单元,必然产生不均匀应变,在晶界区形成显微局部应力,甚至产生应力集中,削弱晶界结合,有时出现微裂缝,在淬火第一类应力(或外力)作用下,形成沿原奥氏体晶界扩展的沿晶裂纹和冰糖状断口。     

20Cr11MoVNbNB钢蠕变孔洞及蠕变裂纹的研究

研究了２０Ｃｒ１１ＭｏＶＮｂＮＢ马氏体热强钢在５５０－６５０℃范围内蠕变孔洞的形成及蠕变裂纹的发展。发现蠕变孔洞主要在原奥氏体晶界和原板条马氏体边界上的淬火未溶大颗粒Ｎｂ（Ｃ，Ｎ）及Ｍ２３Ｃ６碳化物处形成，孔洞在原奥氏体晶界形成倾向不占优势；蠕变裂纹沿垂直应力方向横窗原奥氏体晶界及原板条马氏体边界向晶内扩展，最终导致穿晶断裂。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.