磺化芳香聚合物复合质子交换膜

磺化芳香聚合物与其他聚合物共混制备复合膜是改善磺化芳香聚合物质子交换膜性能的一种有效方法。就最近几年来碱性聚合物及其他聚合物与磺化芳香聚合物复合的研究现状进行了分析，对其中存在的问题进行了阐述。     

Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Containing Functionalized Organic/Inorganic Composite for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Applications

To mitigate the dependence on fossil fuels and the associated global warming issues, numerous studies have focused on the development of eco-friendly energy conversion devices such as polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) that directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy. As one of the key components in PEMFCs, polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) should have high proton conductivity and outstanding physicochemical stability during operation. Although the perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA)-based PEMs and some of the hydrocarbon-based PEMs composed of rationally designed polymer structures are found to meet these criteria, there is an ongoing and pressing need to improve and fine-tune these further, to be useful in practical PEMFC operation. Incorporation of organic/inorganic fillers into the polymer matrix is one of the methods shown to be effective for controlling target PEM properties including thermal stability, mechanical properties, and physical stability, as well as proton conductivity. Functionalization of organic/inorganic fillers is critical to optimize the filler efficiency and dispersion, thus resulting in significant improvements to PEM properties. This review focused on the structural engineering of functionalized carbon and silica-based fillers and comparisons of the resulting PEM properties. Newly constructed composite membranes were compared to composite membrane containing non-functionalized fillers or pure polymer matrix membrane without fillers.     

Enhancing the Anhydrous Proton Conductivity of Sulfonated Polysulfone/Polyvinyl Phosphonic Acid Composite Membranes With Hexagonal Boron Nitride

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) particles have attracted increasing interest due to mechanical properties, chemical stability, electrical features, thermal stability, and good lubrication property. In this work hexagonal boron nitride were used as inorganic fillers, which increase the mechanical and thermal stabilities of the membrane. The proton conducting polymer membranes were prepared by blending of sulfonated polysulfone, polyvinyl phosphonic acid, and boron nitride. Scanning electron microscopy indicated the homogeneous distribution of hBN nanoparticles in the polymer matrix. hBN increased the proton conductivity and in the anhydrous state the maximum proton conductivity was determined as 7.9 × 10^?3 S/cm at 150°C for PVPA-SPSU-5hBN.     

A Review on Ionic Liquids-Based Membranes for Middle and High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEM FCs)

Today, the use of polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) possessing ionic liquids (ILs) in middle and high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (MT-PEMFCs and HT-PEMFCs) have been increased. ILs are the organic salts, and they are typically liquid at the temperature lower than 100 °C with high conductivity and thermal stability. The membranes containing ILs can conduct protons through the PEMs at elevated temperatures (more than 80 °C), unlike the Nafion-based membranes. A wide range of ILs have been identified, including chiral ILs, bio-ILs, basic ILs, energetic ILs, metallic ILs, and neutral ILs, that, from among them, functionalized ionic liquids (FILs) include a lot of ion exchange groups in their structure that improve and accelerate proton conduction through the polymeric membrane. In spite of positive features of using ILs, the leaching of ILs from the membranes during the operation of fuel cell is the main downside of these organic salts, which leads to reducing the performance of the membranes; however, there are some ways to diminish leaching from the membranes. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of these issues by evaluating key studies that have been undertaken in the last years in order to present objective and comprehensive updated information that presents the progress that has been made in this field. Significant information regarding the utilization of ILs in MT-PEMFCs and HT-PEMFCs, ILs structure, properties, and synthesis is given. Moreover, leaching of ILs as a challenging demerit and the possible methods to tackle this problem are approached in this paper. The present review will be of interest to chemists, electrochemists, environmentalists, and any other researchers working on sustainable energy production field.     

溶剂的性质对聚砜／磺化聚砜合金膜性能的影响

介绍了溶剂的性质对聚砜 /磺化聚砜 (PSF/SPSF)合金分离膜膜性能的影响     

磺化聚砜/聚醚砜纳滤膜的制备及性能表征

采用相转化法制备了磺化聚砜(SPSF)/聚醚砜(PES)共混新型纳滤膜,并研究了SPSF/PES共混质量比、水解的苯乙烯–马来酸酐共聚物(H–PSMA)的添加量、铸膜液预蒸发时间和温度对膜的脱盐率及水通量的影响。结果表明,当SPSF/PES共混质量比为4∶6,添加剂H–PSMA的质量分数为2%,铸膜液预蒸发时间为3 min,预蒸发温度为70℃时,在操作压力为0.5 MPa,料液温度为25℃下,SPSF/PES共混膜对2 g/L的Na_2SO_4盐溶液脱盐率为56.77%,水通量为24.45 L/(m~2·h)。     

Mechanoelectrical Conversion in Highly Ionic Conductive Solid‐State Polymer Electrolyte Membranes

A novel phenomenon of mechanoelectrical conversion in a flexible solid‐state polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) is presented, hereafter denoted as flexoelectric effect. The flexoelectric coefficient (≈323 µC m^?1), that is, a measure of the converted mechanoelectrical energy, is the highest among all flexoelectric materials hitherto reported. It is proposed in this work that the flexoelectricity in PEMs operates based on electrical energy generation driven by ion polarization/depolarization across the PEM subjected to a pressure gradient during bending. Of particular interest is the phenomenon of polarity switching during bending, that is, reversal of the polarization direction with increasing succinonitrile (SCN) concentration (i.e., 10–20 wt%). The size disparity between the solvated cations and anions is attributed as the key factor in determining the polarization direction, which is responsible for the polarity switching. Of particular importance is that the present flexoelectric PEM itself is a key component of the solid‐state lithium ion battery and thus their integration opens up a new avenue for energy harvesting and storage devices.     

锂离子电池聚合物电池电解质

介绍了聚合物锂离子电池的关键材料聚合物电解质.叙述了聚合物电解质的发展、组成、分类,离子在聚合物中的传导机理以及国内外的研究进展和今后的研究重点及方向.认为如果能设计通道型或界面型的阳离子传导方式,离子可以以自由离子方式迁移,同时保证其机械性能,这样比在各同性介质中采取传统的络合-解络合机理的传导要快几十倍,将大大促进...     

辐照改性聚丙烯抗熔垂能力的研究

采用熔垂测试仪测量了不同配方辐照改性聚丙烯（PP）的抗熔垂能力，分析了温度、敏化剂含量、辐照剂量和高相对分子质量物质等因素对PP抗熔垂能力的影响，提出了PP辐照过程中长支链的形成机理，解释了PP抗熔垂能力随辐照剂量变化的规律。结果表明，辐照改性能显著提高PP的抗熔垂能力，PP的抗熔垂能力随温度的升高而降低，并随敏化剂含量的增加而提高，在辐照过程中加入极少量高相对分子质量物质能有效提高PP的抗熔垂能力；辐照改性的PP可在较宽的温度范围内表现出较强的抗熔垂能力，有利于发泡、热成型等。     

高分子固体电解质研究进展

综述了高分子固体电解质的电性能、离子传导特性以及提高高分子固体电解质性能的途径及近期发展 ,并对其发展前景作了简要的探讨。     

纳米复合凝胶聚合物电解质的研究进展

在论述了凝胶聚合物电解质改性用的无机纳米粒子的种类(包括金属氧化物、非金属氧化物以及粘土)和性质的基础上,分析了无机纳米粒子做为添加剂对凝胶聚合物电解质性能的影响。     

DMFCs用磺化聚醚醚酮/磺化酚酞型聚醚砜共混质子交换膜

A sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) membrane with fairly high degree of sulfonation (DS) swells excessively and even dissolves at high temperature. To solve these problems, sulfonated phenolphthalein poly(ether sulfone) (SPES-C, DS 53.7%) is blended with the SPEEK matrix (DS 55.1%, 61.7%) to prepare SPEEK/SPES-C blend membrane. The decrease in swelling degree and methanol permeability of the membrane is dose-dependent. Pure SPEEK (DS 61.7%) membrane dissolves completely in water at 70ºC, whereas the swelling degree of the SPEEK (DS 61.7%)/SPES-C (40%, by mass) membrane is 29.7% at 80ºC. From room temperature to 80ºC, the methanol permeability of all SPEEK (DS 55.1%)/SPES-C blend membranes is about one order of magnitude lower than that of Nafion®115. At higher temperature, the addition of SPES-C polymer increases the dimensional stability and greater proton conductivity can be achieved. The SPEEK (DS 55.1%)/SPES-C (40%, by mass) membrane can withstand temperatures up to 150ºC. The proton conductivity of SPEEK (DS 55.1%)/SPES-C (30%, by mass) membrane approaches 0.16 S•cm－1, matching that of Nafion115 at 140ºC and 100% RH, while pure SPEEK (DS 55.1%) membrane dissolves at 90ºC. The SPEEK/SPES-C blend membranes are promising for use in direct methanol fuel cells because of their good dimensional stability, high proton conductivity, and low methanol permeability.     

聚合物电解质膜燃料电池用电催化剂非碳载体的研究进展

综述了近年来非碳载体材料(碳化物、氧化物、复合型氧化物、亚化学计量钛氧化物等)的研究动态,介绍了其特点和制备方法,重点评价了以其为载体的铂基催化剂的催化活性及稳定性,并与目前普遍采用的商业碳载铂(Pt/C)催化剂进行了比较. 最后,对非碳材料用作载体存在的问题进行了分析,并对此类载体材料的发展方向进行了展望,提出高比表面、高电导率、高稳定性非碳载体材料的合成及载体与贵金属之间强相互作用机理的研究是载体研究的主要方向.     

锂离子电池聚合物电解质的研究进展

对固体聚合物电解质和凝胶聚合物电解质的发展、组成、性能及其在聚合物锂离子电池中的应用等方面进行了总结和评述,比较了其优缺点和应用范围,对聚合物电解质及聚合物锂离子蓄电池的发展前景进行了预测。     

Sulfonated polyethersulfone by heterogeneous method and its membrane performances

Polyethersulfone was sulfonated by heterogeneous method with chlorosulfonic acid. Ion exchange capacity was controlled to 0.68 meq/g to reduce fouling. Sulfonation was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ¹H‐nuclear magnetic resonance. Polyethersulfone and sulfonated polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes were prepared successively by the typical phase inversion method. Membrane performance of sulfonated polyethersulfone was compared with that of polyethersulfone. In the preparation of ultrafiltration membranes, the effect of the addition of dichloromethane and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) in a casting solution was investigated on the membrane performance. It was observed that the addition of dichloromethane increased the solute rejection rate. By changing the ratio between polymer and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), membrane performance could be controlled. Negatively charged sulfonated polyethersulfone could reduce fouling at higher or lower pH than isoelectric point of protein bovine serum albumin. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 2046–2055, 1999     

PIN/PAN聚合物基电解质膜的制备及性能

利用静电纺丝技术制备了聚吲哚/聚丙烯腈(PIN/PAN)聚合物基电解质膜,代替纸基铝空气电池中的纤维素纸(C-P),并应用于固态铝空气电池。探究了PIN含量对电解质膜离子电导率及吸液率的影响。采用SEM和FTIR对PIN/PAN聚合物基电解质膜表面形貌及化学组成进行分析。借助电化学工作站和电池测试系统,分析了电解质膜离子电导率及固态铝空气电池放电特性。结果表明,采用PIN/PAN聚合物基电解质膜可有效提升固态铝空气电池性能,在3 mA.cm_^-2、5 mA.cm_^-2、7 mA.cm_^-2电流密度下,放电时长比纸基铝空气电池分别提升了21%、27%、34%,且放电时长与电解质膜的吸液率及离子电导率相关。其中4%PIN/PAN聚合物基电解质膜离子电导率可达6.7×10_^-4 S.cm_^-1,同时对碱性溶液具有良好的吸附能力,吸液率最高可达496%,为纤维素纸的3.2倍。     

Effect of Hydrogen Reduction of Silver Ions on the Performance and Structure of New Solid Polymer Electrolyte PEI/Pebax2533/AgBF4 Composite Membranes

In this paper, the effect of hydrogen reduction of silver ions on the performance and structure of new solid polymer electrolyte polyetherimide (PEI)/Pebax2533 (Polynylon12/tetramethylene oxide block copolymer, PA12-PTMO)/AgBF₄ composite membranes is investigated. For PEI/Pebax2533/AgBF₄ composite membranes prepared with different AgBF₄ concentration, the permeances of propylene and ethylene increase with the increase of AgBF₄ concentration due to the carrier-facilitated transport, resulting in a high selectivity. But for propylene/propane mixture, the mixed-gas selectivity is lower than its ideal selectivity. The hydrogen reduction strongly influences the membrane performance, which causes the decrease of propylene permeance and the increase of propane permeance. With the increase of hydrogen reduction time, the membranes show a clearly color change from white to brown, yielding a great selectivity loss. The data of X-ray diffraction and FT-IR prove that silver ions are reduced to Ag⁰ after hydrogen reduction, and aggregated on the surface of PEI/Pebax2533/AgBF₄ composite membranes.     

水溶性交联聚合物微球的制备及性能

采用反相微乳液聚合制备水溶性交联聚合物微球。交联比为0 1%、0 5%、1 0%时,微球平均粒径分别为74 9、151 8、214 9nm。水化时间由0增至144h时,微球平均粒径由106 7nm增大到189 5nm。盐质量分数由0增至0 5%时,微球平均粒径由202 7nm减小到93 5nm。微孔滤膜封堵性能随水化时间无明显变化,随盐质量分数的增加而明显降低。岩心封堵实验表明,交联聚合物微球对气测渗透率为3 058μm2的岩心的流动阻力可达120kPa。     

凝胶聚合物电解质研究进展

综述了近年来国内外凝胶聚合物电解质（GPE）的研究进展,详细介绍了以聚氧乙烯（PEO）、聚偏二氟乙烯-六氟丙烯［P（VDF?co?HFP）］、聚丙烯腈（PAN）和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）为基体的GPE的制备方法、改性方法和性能的研究现状;最后,对GPE未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

磺化聚醚醚酮纳米纤维膜的制备及其吸附性能

通过静电纺丝法制备了不同磺化度的磺化聚醚醚酮(SPEEK)纳米纤维膜,运用扫描电镜、热重分析仪分别对纤维的形貌和热性能进行了分析,并利用紫外-可见分光光度计研究了纤维膜对亚甲基蓝染料的吸附行为。结果表明:随着磺化度的增加,纺丝束流的稳定性得到改善,纤维直径减小;纤维膜对亚甲基蓝具有良好的吸附能力,在p H值=7时其对亚甲基蓝的去除率最大,平衡吸附时间约为90min;热力学分析表明,使用Freundlich模型描述SPEEK纳米纤维膜对亚甲基蓝的吸附行为更加合理;动力学分析表明,SPEEK纳米纤维膜对亚甲基蓝的吸附遵循准二级动力学模型。