Investigation of Properties of Polymer/Textile Fiber Composites

Polymer-based composite structures have advantages over other materials. The most important advantage is the higher mechanical properties obtained from the composites when supported by fiber reinforcement. The mechanical and thermal properties of fiber-reinforced composite structures are affected by the amount of fibers in the structures, orientation of the fiber and fiber length. Silk and cotton fibers are used in many fields but especially in clothing and textiles. However, there is not enough research on their usage as reinforcement fibers in composite structures. Silk fibers as a textile material have better physical and mechanic properties than other animal fibers. It is very important that the improvement of the mechanical and physical properties of the composite structures allows them to be used in many areas. From economical, technological and environmental points of view, the improved the mechanical and physical properties of polymeric materials are receiving much attention in the recent studies.

In this study, various lengths (1 mm–2.5 mm and 5 mm) of waste silk and waste cotton fibers were added to high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) polymer in the mixing ratios of (polymer:fiber) 100%:0%, 97%:3%, and 94%:6% to produce composite structures. On the other hand, known lengths (1–2.5–5 mm) of waste silk and waste cotton fibers were added to recycled polyamide-6 (PA₆) and polycarbonate (PC) polymers in mixing quantities of 100%-0%, 97%-3%. A twin-screw extruder was employed for the production of composites. Tensile strength, % elongation, yield strength, elasticity modulus, Izod impact strength, melt flow index (MFI), heat deflection temperature (HDT), and Vicat softening temperature properties were determined. In order to determine the materials' thermal transition and microstructure properties, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used. Results have shown that cotton and silk fibers behave differently than in the composite structure. Waste silk fiber composites give better mechanical properties than waste cotton fiber.     

废弃棉纺织品增强复合材料研究进展

以废弃的棉纺织品为原料,通过物理或者化学的方式将其制成符合固化工艺的增强体,满足环境、资源可持续发展的需要,而废弃棉纺织品增强复合材料的力学性能受增强体形式、界面层的结合强度、基体的性能的影响。从得到增强体的方式、界面层处理、基体的类型三个方面综述了用于制造废弃棉纺织品增强复合材料的研究进展。     

回收聚丙烯/废书刊纸纤维复合材料结构与力学性能的研究

以废书刊纸纤维(OMGF)和回收聚丙烯(PP)为原料,马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(MAPP)为相容剂,采用热压成型法制备了PP/OMGF木塑复合材料。研究了OMGF含量对复合材料拉伸性能及弯曲性能的影响,并采用红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜分析了OMGF的结构及复合材料的拉伸断面形貌。结果表明,OMGF对PP基体具有一定的增强作用,当OMGF含量为30%时,复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别达到最大值29.53MPa和33.67MPa,比回收PP分别提高了51.6%和31.7%;随着OMGF含量的增加,复合材料的断裂伸长率逐渐下降,弯曲模量逐渐上升。扫描电子显微镜分析显示,当OMGF含量较低时,其与PP基体之间具有良好的界面相容性;当OMGF含量增加到50%时,界面相容性明显下降。     

多壁碳纳米管复合聚碳酸酯/苯乙烯系聚合物复合材料导电性能的研究

采用一步法将聚苯乙烯（PS）、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物（SAN）和甲基丙烯酸甲酯-苯乙烯共聚物（MS）分别与聚碳酸酯（PC）、多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）熔融混合,得到PC/PS/MWCNTs、PC/SAN/MWCNTs和PC/MS/MWCNTs三种复合材料。透射电子显微镜和场发射扫描电子显微镜观察表明,MWCNTs选择性分散在PC相中,这与Sumita模型预测的结果完全吻合,且随着PS、SAN或MS含量的增加,体系的体积电阻率-苯乙烯系聚合物含量曲线能够很好地拟合到PC/MWCNTs体系的体积电阻率-MWCNTs有效体积浓度曲线上,体系的体积电阻率变化符合有效浓度的概念。     

加工助剂对棉短纤维/三元乙丙橡胶复合材料性能的影响

研究加工助剂TKM-80、60NSF和蒎烯树脂对棉短纤维/三元乙丙橡胶复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:3种加工助剂对复合材料ts1,t10和t50影响不大,加入蒎烯树脂的复合材料t90延长,而加入60NSF的复合材料t90缩短;随着加工助剂用量的增大,复合材料的ML减小,加工性能改善;加入6份60NSF的复合材料剪切储能模量低于未加入加工助剂的复合材料,其综合物理性能优于加入TKM-80或蒎烯树脂的复合材料。     

剑麻纤维/聚合物复合材料研究进展

主要概述了剑麻纤维(SF)的表面处理方法、SF增强热塑性聚合物及热固性聚合物复合材料的结构及性能,指出了SF增强聚合物复合材料今后的研究与发展方向。     

废PET塑料纤维对再生混凝土基本性能的影响

为了提高再生混凝土(RAC)的力学性能,将废聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)塑料瓶剪成纤维条制成纤维再生混凝土(FRRAC)。通过纤维再生混凝土与再生混凝土的坍落度试验和强度试验,研究废PET塑料纤维长度、掺量对再生混凝土基本性能的影响,并进行强度影响因素的显著性分析和混凝土微观结构分析。结果表明：与不掺纤维的再生混凝土相比,纤维再生混凝土的流动性降低,且随废PET塑料纤维掺量、长度的增大而下降;掺PET纤维后,再生混凝土的抗压强度总体上有所提高,劈裂抗拉强度明显大幅提高。对于抗压强度,废PET塑料纤维的掺量影响显著;对于劈裂抗拉强度,纤维掺量、长度及二者交互作用均影响显著。掺PET纤维虽然会引入薄弱的界面过渡区,但适量时可使再生混凝土结构致密。     

(EPDM/LLDPE)-g-MAH对回收光盘PC的增韧研究

采用自制的马来酸酐接枝三元乙丙橡胶/线形低密度聚乙烯共混物((EPDM/LLDPE)-g-MAH),通过熔融共混挤出对回收光盘聚碳酸酯(PC)进行增韧。结果表明,(EPDM/LLDPE)-g-MAH的加入有效地提高了回收光盘PC的拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度。当其加入量为5%时,共混物性能最优,拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度分别提高到原来的188%和276%。并用扫描电子显微镜对缺口冲击断面进行分析。     

废旧PP塑木复合材料的研制

以废旧PP、锯末木粉为原料，采用双螺杆挤出机造粒生产环保型塑木复合材料。研究了木粉、相容剂（PP-g—MAH）对复合材料性能的影响，探讨了塑木型材的挤出成型工艺。结果表明，PP—g—MAH可以增加木粉与PP的界面结合，提高复合材料的性能，合适的用量是6～9份（质量份数，下同）；增加木粉含量（低于100份）可以提高复合材料的拉伸弹性模量、弯曲性能和热变形温度，但韧性和硬度呈降低趋势，木粉的理想用量是70～100份左右。塑木型材的挤出成型温度过高容易造成质量缺陷，须严格控制。     

废弃纤维再生混凝土孔结构及碳化性能分形特征研究

以水灰比、再生骨料取代率、废弃纤维长度和体积掺量为设计变量,利用压汞试验及快速碳化试验,探讨了废弃纤维再生混凝土的孔结构、碳化性能的分形特征以及两者之间的关系.结果表明:废弃纤维再生混凝土孔结构具有显著的分形特征,废弃纤维的加入可阻止结构中有害孔的形成,改善废弃纤维再生混凝土内部的孔结构;纤维的加入可以提高再生混凝土的碳化性能,最优体积掺量为0.12%,碳化边界轮廓线的分形维数越小,对应的碳化深度越大;废弃纤维再生混凝土的碳化深度与孔隙体积分形维数之间存在相关性,随着孔体积分形维数减小碳化深度增大,根据孔隙体积分形维数来评价不同设计变量的废弃纤维再生混凝土碳化深度是可行的.     

Phase Diagram for Liquid Crystalline Polymer/ Polycarbonate Blends

A novel mechanism to form binary polymer blends is through phase separation by spinodal decomposition in the unstable region of the phase diagram. The present work investigates the effects of thermally‐induced phase separation by spinodal decomposition on the morphology development of liquid crystalline polymer/polycarbonate blends. Moreover, a thermodynamic binary phase diagram is obtained using a twin‐screw extruder at various processing melt temperatures. Differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the miscibility of the blends and the resulting morphology. A thermodynamic binary phase diagram exhibiting a lower critical solution temperature was obtained. The droplet size distribution of the blend was also obtained and discussed in light of the Cahn‐Hilliard theory.     

PE-HD/棉秆皮复合材料的制备及其性能研究

采用蒸汽爆破对含水率分别为30 %、40 %、50 %的棉秆皮进行预处理,并与高密度聚乙烯（PE-HD）复合制备PE-HD/棉秆皮复合材料,研究了蒸汽爆破、棉秆皮含量、棉秆皮含水率对PE-HD/棉秆皮复合材料力学性能和密度的影响。结果表明,与未经蒸汽爆破处理的PE-HD/棉秆皮复合材料相比,蒸汽爆破预处理后制备的PE-HD/棉秆皮复合材料的力学性能更好;当棉秆皮含量为30 %时,复合材料的综合力学性能最佳;复合材料的拉伸强度随棉秆皮含水率的增加而提高;复合材料的弯曲强度在棉秆皮含水率为40 %时达到最大值。     

聚碳酸酯型聚氨酯—环氧树脂IPN的性能及结构形态

由甲苯二异氰酸酯和聚六亚甲基碳酸酯二醇制备聚氨酯预聚体,再由该预聚体、双酚A环氧树脂等用同步法合成了聚碳酸酯型聚氨酯-环氧树脂互穿网络聚合物（PCPU－EPIPN）。红外光谱分析表明PCPU和EP两组分间存在一定的化学结合。差示扫描量热分析及热重分析研究表明：IPN在高温区存在单一玻璃化转变峰,当PCPU与EP的质量比mU／mE＝25／75时,IPN的Tg最高且热稳定性最好。透射电镜和扫描隧道显微镜研究表明,PCPU与EP的配比对IPN的形态结构有显著的影响。应力-应变测试发现：当mU／mE＝25／75时IPN体系力学性能最佳。     

废旧聚甲醛/改性竹纤维复合材料的力学性能研究

采用碱(NaOH)、硅烷偶联剂(KH560)、异氰酸酯(IPDI)等不同处理方法对废旧聚甲醛/竹纤维（POM/BF）复合材料的界面进行调控,研究了竹纤维改性方法和竹纤维含量对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,NaOH+IPDI和NaOH+KH560能够实现对复合材料界面的调控,利用NaOH+2 %IPDI对BF进行处理后,POM/BF复合材料［BF为20 %（质量分数,下同）］的弯曲强度增加了13.38 %,拉伸强度为50.36 MPa;利用NaOH+5 %KH560对BF进行调控处理后,POM/BF复合材料的弯曲强度增加了12.61 %,拉伸强度为46.87 MPa;NaOH+2 %IPDI对BF的处理具有更好的效果,BF含量为20 %时复合材料的力学性能最佳。     

聚双环戊二烯/碳纤维复合材料的制备和力学性质

采用扫描电镜(SEM)对分别经刻蚀、氧化及氧化后再刻蚀的碳纤维表面进行表征;用不同方法处理的碳纤维通过反应注射成型(RIM)技术制备出了聚双环戊二烯(PDCPD)/碳纤维复合材料,对材料的断面形貌和力学性能进行了表征.结果表明,在实验范围内,经过氧化后再刻蚀的碳纤维其复合材料力学性能提高较大,随着碳纤维含量的增加,复合...     

Morphology and Mechanical Properties in Polymer Blends of Photocurable Polymer and Polycarbonate

Relationships between the morphologies and mechanical properties of binary blends of a photocurable polymer (2‐propenoic acid, (octahydro‐4,7‐methano‐1H‐indenediyl) bis(methylene)ester; DCA) and a linear polymer (poly(4,4′‐cyclohexylidene bisphenol carbonate); PCz) have been investigated. The blend films are prepared by in situ photopolymerization of homogeneous mixtures of a DCA‐monomer and PCz. The phase structure has been converted from a semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPN) structure to a bicontinuous structure by controlling the cure temperature. Bicontinuous phase‐separated structures can be obtained by curing a wide range of compositions of 17–50 wt.‐% PCz at high temperatures. Miscible semi‐IPN structures are attained by means of photopolymerization below the glass transition temperature of the homogenous mixture before performing photoirradiation, such that magnetic relaxation measurements showed the blend to be miscible in the 10 nm order. The tensile strength and modulus reached a maximum in those blends having an intermediate vague phase structure between semi‐IPN and bicontinuous structures that have a strong interfacial interaction, which leads to incomplete phase decomposition in the PCz‐rich matrix phase. The maximum strength and modulus prepared under optimum condition are inferior to those of the individual components. In contrast, the elongation and break energy are greatly improved in those blends with bicontinuous structures having a diffused phase boundary.

DCA‐rich domain size in bicontinuous structure for DCA/PCz system, as a function of cure temperature; (□) 17 wt.‐% PCz, (○) 30 wt.‐% PCz, and (?) 50 wt.‐% PCz.     

回收塑料/稻壳粉木塑复合材料的制备及性能研究

以稻壳粉和非医疗废弃物作为原料,采用挤出–注塑工艺制备回收塑料/稻壳粉木塑复合材料,研究了稻壳粉的粒径、含量以及玻璃纤维对复合材料力学性能的影响,用扫描电子显微镜对复合材料的断面进行了观察。结果表明,回收塑料/稻壳粉木塑复合材料的力学性能随稻壳粉粒径的增加先上升后下降,随稻壳粉含量的增加而提高。当稻壳粉质量分数为50%,粒径为425μm时,回收塑料/稻壳粉木塑复合材料综合力学性能最好。当用偶联剂处理稻壳粉和玻璃纤维后,相对于纯回收塑料,复合材料的拉伸强度提高了82.01%,拉伸弹性模量提高了414.66%,弯曲强度提高了152.62%,弯曲弹性模量提高了436.99%。     

MAH原位接枝HDPE及其对HDPE/N-PCB复合材料力学性能的影响

将马来酸酐(MAH)、过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)、苯乙烯(St)、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)和废印刷电路板非金属粉末(N-PCB)直接反应挤出,制备了HDPE/N-PCB复合材料,并研究了MAH用量对HDPE/N-PCB复合材料力学性能影响。对HDPE/N-PCB复合材料抽提残留物的红外分析结果表明,在HDPE/N-PCB复合材料中加入DCP、St、MAH之后,通过DCP引发HDPE原位接枝MAH,并随即与N-PCB粉末表面的羟基反应而起到了桥联作用,可改善HDPE基体与N-PCB粉末两相的界面作用。MAH反应增容后的HDPE/N-PCB复合材料与增容前相比,其拉伸强度、弯曲强度、缺口冲击强度及断裂伸长率的最大增幅分别为36%、12%、208%和262%。     

高抗冲高模量聚碳酸酯复合材料的制备

以α–磷酸锆(α–Zr P)为刚性研磨介质,超高分子量聚乙烯(PE–UHMW)为抗冲改性剂,聚碳酸酯(PC)作为基体材料,通过母粒法(两步熔融共混法)制备了高抗冲高模量复合材料。研究了PE–UHMW添加量及几种无机填料对复合材料力学性能及微观结构的影响。结果表明,当PE–UHMW含量为8份、α–Zr P含量为2份时,复合材料的冲击强度、弯曲弹性模量达到最大值。α–Zr P的加入还使复合材料的其它力学性能得到了一定程度改善。经扫描电子显微镜分析表明,α–Zr P的加入起到了助分散的作用,促进了PE–UHMW在基体树脂中的均匀分散,所以冲击性能得到进一步提高。     

棉织物丝素/TiO_2生态功能整理

用丝素蛋白整理棉织物,研究丝素蛋白降解时间及浓度对整理后棉织物性能的影响,确定最佳的丝素降解时间和浓度。在此基础上与TiO2复配,研究整理剂中TiO2含量对棉织物性能和结构的影响。结果表明:最佳丝素蛋白降解时间为120min,丝素浓度(质量分数)为1.63%;此时将丝素与TiO2复配,当TiO2质量分数为0.35%时,可使织物折皱回复角比纯丝素整理提高8.68%,紫外防护系数达到42.9,抗紫外性能达到二级。X射线衍射分析表明,丝素蛋白整理可降低棉纤维的结晶度,并使棉纤维由纤维素Ⅰ向纤维素Ⅱ转变,而TiO2整理可提高棉纤维的结晶度。