Fourth Meeting on Fire-Retardant Polymers

The Fourth Meeting on Fire-Retardant Polymers was held from September 9 to September 11, 1992, at Albert-Ludwige-University, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany. The meeting was organized by the Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) in close collaboration with the University of Torino, Department of Chemistry, IPM (Torino, Italy); University Louis Pasteur and Ecole d' Application des Hauts Polymer (EAHP—Strasbourg, France), and University of Kaiserslautern (Germany), and was supported by EPF (European Polymer Federation) of GPF (Group Fransais des Polymers). The Organizing Committee included R. Mulhaupt (Chairman, Germany), G. Camino (Italy), W. Becker (Germany), J. Brossas (France), and L. Costa (Italy). The Scientific Committee included W. Becker (BASF AG, Germany), G. Camino (University of Torino), P. Flury (Ciba-Geigy AG, Switzerland), I. C. McNeill (University of Glasgow, UK), R. Mulhaupt (University of Freiburg, Germany), J. Otton (Rhone-Poulenc, France), J.-C. Robinet (Norsolor, France), J. Troitzsch (Wiesbaden, Germany), J. Brossas (EAHP, Strasbourg), L. Costa (University of Turin), R. Locatelli (Himont, Ferrara, Italy), C. Moye (Centre Scientifique et Technique du Batiment, Name-la-Valle, France), S. Russo (University of Sassart, Italy), A. Sainrat (Lab. Nat. d'Essais, Paris, France), and D. Woolley (Fire Research Station, Borehamwood, UK).     

Defensive strategy of twoHypselodoris nudibranchs from Italian and Spanish coasts

Hypselodoris nudibranchs from different geographic areas (Spain and Italy) have been studied in order to investigate their general defensive strategy. Longifolin (1) and nakafuran-9 (2) are the main ichthyodeterrent allomones used by the mollusks to avoid predation. Evidence of their dietary origin is presented and the very effective strategy against predators, which includes secretion of allomones into the mucus and their storage into specific mantle dermal formations (MDFs), is also discussed.F.P.I.-M.E.C. Spanish fellowship (University of Barcelona) at the I.C.M.I.B.     

The III International TOP Conference “Times of Polymers and Composites”

The III International TOP Conference “The Times of Polymers and Composites” was held on June 18–22, 2006, on the island of Ischia in the Gulf of Naples (Italy). The conference was organized by the University of Naples Federico II (Naples, Italy) and the Second University of Naples-SUN (Aversa, Italy) under the aegis of the National Academy of Sciences of Italy and the Italian Government. The conference cochairs were Prof. D. Acierno (University of Naples Federico II) and Prof. A. D’Amore (the Second University of Naples-SUN).     

The Second All-Union Conference on the Problems of Physics of Strength and Plasticity of Polymers

Abstract

The Second All-Union Conference of the Problems of Physics of Strength and Plasticity of Polymers was held in Dushanbe from 10 to 12 October 1990. It was sponsored by the Ministry of Education of the Tadzhik Republic, Tadzhik State University and the Tadzhik Republican Board of the USSR Union of the Scientific Society of Engineers.     

Thermally Stable and Optically Active Poly(amide-imide)s Derived from 4,4’–(Hexafluoroisopropylidene)-N,N’-bis-(phthaloyl-L-methionine) Diacid Chloride and Various Aromatic Diamines: Synthesis and Characterization

Summary Thermally stable and optically active poly(amide-imide)s (PAIs) have been synthesized and their properties such as optical activity, solubility, thermal stability were studied. Polymers were synthesized by solution polymerization of 4,4’–(hexafluoroisopropylidene)-N,N’-bis-(phthaloyl-L-methionine) diacid chloride and various aromatic diamines by three different methods. The compounds obtained were characterized by elemental C, H and N analysis, solubility, FTIR, ¹H NMR and ¹⁹F NMR spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric curves were also recorded. All data agree with the proposed structures.     

Synthesis and Thermal Properties of Enyne-Containing Polymers by the Polymerization of Diynes Using a Low-Valent Titanium Catalyst

Summary Polymers having conjugated enyne moieties in the main chain (3) were prepared by the polymerization of diynes (2) using a low-valent titanocene catalyst (1) generated from Cp*₂TiCl₂ and i-PrMgBr. The reactivity of the enyne-containing polymers (3) was demonstrated by the thermal cross-linking reaction at 200 °C.     

Synthesis of highly crosslinked thermally stable poly(vinylethers) by free radical polymerization

Summary 2,4-Di-(2'-vinyloxyethoxy)benzylidenemalononitrile (2a), methyl 2,4-di-(2'-vinyloxyethoxy)benzylidenecyanoacetate (2b), 3,4-di-(2'-vinyloxyethoxy)benzylidenemalononitrile (4a), and methyl 3,4-di-(2'-vinyloxyethoxy)benzylidenecyanoacetate (4b) were prepared by the condensation of 2,4-di-(2'-vinyloxyethoxy)benzaldehyde (1) and 3,4-di-(2'-vinyloxyethoxy)benzaldehyde (3) with malononitrile or methyl cyanoacetate, respectively. Trifunctional vinyl ether monomers 2 and 4 were polymerized readily by free radical initiators to give optically transparent swelling poly(vinylethers) 5 and 6. Polymers 5 and 6 were not soluble in common organic solvents such as acetone and DMSO due to crosslinking. Polymers 5 and 6 showed a thermal stability up to 300°C in DSC thermograms. Received: 24 February 1998/Revised version: 7 April 1998/Accepted: 7 April 1998     

Synthesis of polyurethanes containing dioxynitrostilbene as a NLO-chromophore and their properties

Summary 3,4-Di-(2'-hydroxyethoxy)-4'-nitrostilbene (2) were prepared by the reaction of 2-iodoethanol with 3,4-dihydroxy-4'-nitrostilbene (1). Diol 2 was condensed with 2,4-toluenediisocyanate and 3,3'-dimethoxy-4,4'-biphenylenediisocynate to yield polyurethanes 3 and 4 containing the NLO-chromophore 3,4-dioxy-4'-nitrostilbene. Polymers 3 and 4 were soluble in common organic solvents such as acetone and DMSO. T _g value of the resulting polymers was in the range of 109–114°C. Electrooptic coefficient (r₃₃) of the poled polymer films were in the range of 20–25 pm/V at 633 nm. Polymers 3 and 4 showed a thermal stability up to 300°C in TGA thermograms, which is acceptable for NLO device applications. Received: 29 September 1999/Revised version: 19 November 1999/Accepted: 25 November 1999     

Development of interpenetrating polymeric network for controlled drug delivery and its evaluation

Abstract

Polymers play vital role in drug delivery systems. Aim of current research work was to elucidate the effect of Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), acrylic acid (AA) and N'N'-methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) in formulation of pH sensitive nexus for targeted delivery of acid sensitive drug perindopril erbumine (PE). Different feed ratios were employed to prepare nexus via free radical polymerization. FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) depicts efficient grafting. Thermal parameters (DSC, DTA and TGA) were thermodynamically stable and morphological (SEM) analysis represented porous architecture. pH sensitivity was supported by on-off switching in acid and basic media. Hence, HEC-co-AA based design was encouraging for targeted delivery of perindopril erbumine.     

Comite international pour la caracterisation et la terminologie du carbone “publication de 24 definitions”

The following is a French translation of the 24 definitions originally published in Carbon21, 517–519 (1983). Some notes concerning the different meanings of some English terms and their French equivalents are also included. Correspondence regarding this material should be sent to Prof. A. Marchand, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, Domaine Universitaire, 33405 Talence Cédex, France. On trouvera ci-dessous la traduction en français, effectuée sous l'égide du Groupe Français d'Etude des Carbones (G.F.E.C.), de 24 définitions publiées précédemment en anglais [Carbon21(5). 517–519 (1983)]. L'usage des divers termes français est parfois assez différent de l'usage de leurs équivalents anglais. Certaines définitions sont donc suivies des “observations des traducteurs” qui présentent les remarques nécessaires aux scientifiques et techniciens francophones. Toute correspondance relative à ces définitions doit être adressée au Professeur A. Marchand (Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal. Domaine Universitaire, 33405 Talence Cédex, France).     

Alternate poly(amide-imide)s based on 1,4-and 1,3-bis(4-trimellitimido)benzene and their mixtures

Several series of alternate poly(amide-imide)s [P(A-alt-I)s] were synthesized by aromatic dicarboxylic acid (I- p or I- m), which was prepared by the condensation of p-phenylenediamine (or m-phenylenediamine), trimellitic anhydride, and various aromatic diamines by means of direct polycondensation. A diimide-diacid (I- p) with a p-phenylene group was used to synthesize P(A-alt-I)s III, and P(A-alt-I)s IV were synthesized by a diimide-diacid (I- m) prepared from m-phenylenediamine. Another series of P(A-alt-I)s V was synthesized from both I- p and I- m (1/1 mole) with various diamines. Polymers of series III have low inherent viscosities and limited solubility, but polymers of series IV have high degrees of polymerization. Series V copolycondensated from I- p and I- m has improved solubility and degrees of polymerization relative to series III. The degree of crystallinity was found to be III > V > IV. Glass transition temperatures for most of series III were not observed below 400 °C, and those of series IV and V were in the range of 238–325 °C and 262–328 °C, respectively. The 10% weight loss temperatures in nitrogen or in air of these three series are all in the range of 482–582 °C. Because series V has limited solubility for casting into films from DMAc solutions, two diamines were selected to synthesize series VI by changing the I- p/I- m ratio. Solubility was improved when the content of I- p in diimide-diacid was less than 15%, and the degree of crystallinity reduced as the content of I- p in diimide-diacid decreased. Polymers containing a few I- p showed an increase in the initial modulus.     

Steric effect in the free radical polymerization of vinyl ethers containing electron-deficient olefin groups

Summary o-(2-Vinyloxyethoxy)benzylidenemalononitrile (3a), methyl o-(2-vinyloxyethoxy)benzylidenecyanoacetate (3b), 1,3-di-(2'-dicyanovinyl)-5-methyl-2-(2'-vinyloxyethoxy)benzene (4a), methyl 1,3-di-(2'-carbomethoxy-2'-cyanovinyl)-5-methyl-2-(2'-vinyloxyethoxy)benzene (4b), 2,3,4-tri-(2'-vinyloxyethoxy)benzylidenemalononitrile (5a), methyl 2,3,4-tri-(2'-vinyloxyethoxy)benzylidenecyanoacetate (5b), 2,4,6-tri-(2'-vinyloxyethoxy)benzylidenemalononitrile (6a), and methyl 2,4,6-tri-(2'-vinyloxyethoxy)benzylidenecyanoacetate (6b) were prepared by the condensation of o-(2-vinyloxyethoxy) benzaldehyde (1a), 2-(2'-vinyloxyethoxy)-5-methylisophthaldehyde (1b), 2,3,4-tri-(2'-vinyloxyethoxy)benzaldehyde (2a), 2,4,6-tri-(2'-vinyloxyethoxy)benzaldehyde (2b) with malononitrile or methyl cyanoacetate, respectively. Vinyl ether compounds 3a–b and 5a–b were polymerized readily by free radical initiators to give optically transparent swelling poly(vinyl ethers) 7a–b and 9a–b. Compounds 4a–b and 6a–b did not polymerize by radical initiators due to the steric hindrance. Polymers 7a–b and 9a–b were not soluble in common organic solvents such as acetone and DMSO due to crosslinking. Polymers 7a–b and 9a–b showed a thermal stability up to 300°C in TGA thermograms. Received: 1 December 1999/Revised version: 14 February 2000/Accepted: 16 February 2000     

Synthesis of poly(ethyl vinyl ethers) containing two dipolar electronic systems and their properties

Summary 5-Nitro-2-(2′-vinyloxyethoxy)benzylidenemalononitrile (2a), methyl 5-nitro-2-(2′-vinyloxyethoxy)benzylidenecyanoacetate (2b), 3-nitro-4-(2′-vinyloxyethoxy)benzylidenemalononitrile (4a), and methyl 3-nitro-4-(2′-vinyloxyethoxy)benzylidenecyanoacetate (4b) were prepared by the condensation of 5-nitro-2-(2′-vinyloxyethoxy)benzaldehyde (1) and 3-nitro-4-(2′-vinyloxyethoxy)benzaldehyde (3) with malononitrile or methyl cyanoacetate, respectively. Vinyl ether monomers 2a-b and 4a-b were polymerized with boron trifluoride etherate as a cationic initiator to yield poly(vinyl ethers) 5-6 having nitrooxybenzylidenemalononitrile and nitrooxycyanocinnamate, which is effective chromophore for second-order nonlinear optical applications. Polymers 5-6 were soluble in common organic solvents such as acetone and DMSO. T _g values of the resulting polymer were in the range of 70–81°C. Electrooptic coefficient (r₃₃) of the poled polymer films were in the range of 19–27 pm/V, which was improved by introducing of nitro group. Polymers 5–6 showed a thermal stability up to 300°C in TGA thermograms, which is acceptable for NLO device applications. Received: 24 November 1998/Revised version: 19 January 1999/Accepted: 29 January 1999     

Local Whittle estimation of multi‐variate fractionally integrated processes

This article derives a semi‐parametric estimator of multi‐variate fractionally integrated processes covering both stationary and non‐stationary values of d. We utilize the notion of the extended discrete Fourier transform and periodogram to extend the multi‐variate local Whittle estimator of Shimotsu (2007) to cover non‐stationary values of d. Consistency and asymptotic normality is shown for d ∈ (?1/2,∞). A simulation study illustrates the performance of the proposed estimator for relevant sample sizes. Empirical justification of the proposed estimator is shown through an empirical analysis of log spot exchange rates. We find that the log spot exchange rates of Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, Canada, France, Italy and Switzerland against the US Dollar for the period January 1974 until December 2001 are well decribed as I(1) processes.     

欧洲迷迭香的研究状况

综述了迷迭香在欧洲特别是英国、法国、德国、西班牙、意大利和瑞士等国的发展状况,内容涉及迷迭香的科研、标准、种植、加工、应用和贸易等方面情况。     

国外超细旦涤纶DTY机简介

介绍了德国Barmag公司,法国ICBT公司、意大利RPR公司和Giudici公司的超细旦涤纶DTY机的工艺路线和技术特点.     

Synthesis and properties of novel polyurethanes containing 2,4-dioxybenzylidenecyanoacetate group as a NLO-chromophore for electro-optic applications

Summary Methyl 2,4-bis-(2'-hydroxyethoxy)benzylidenecyanoacetate (3) was prepared by hydrolysis of methyl 2,4-bis-(2'-vinyloxyethoxy)benzylidenecyanoacetate (2). Diol 3 was condensed with 2,4-toluenediisocyanate, 3,3'-dimethoxy-4,4'-biphenylene-diisocyanate, and 1,6-hexamethylenediisocyanate to yield polyurethanes 4–6 containing the NLO-chromophore 2,4-dioxybenzylidenecyanoacetate. The resulting polyurethanes 4–6 were soluble in common organic solvents such as acetone and DMF. Polymers 4–6 showed a thermal stability up to 280°C in TGA thermograms with T _g values obtained from DSC thermograms in the range of 66–114°C. The SHG coefficients (d₃₃) of poled polymer films were around 7.8 × 10⁻⁹ esu. Received: 25 February 2002/ Revised version: 25 March 2002/ Accepted: 29 March 2002     

Synthesis of polymers with benzo-13-crown-4 and benzo-9-crown-3 units via cyclopolymerization

Summary Polymers containing crown ether units were synthesized by cyclopolymerization of divinyl and diepoxide monomers. These are 1,2-bis-(2-ethenyloxyethoxy)-benzene (1) and 1,2-bis-(2,3-epoxypropyl)-benzene (3) producing polymers with 13 and 9-membered rings 4 and 5, respectively. Both the monomers and polymers were characterized by IR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. Finally, the polymers were contacted with an aqueous solution of lithium chloride.     

Selective Solvent Extraction of the Bark of Rhizophora apiculata as an Anti-Termite Agent against Coptotermes gestroi

Abstract

The anti-termite action of the bark of mangrove plant Rhizophora apiculata and four other species against the attack of the subterranean termite Coptotermes gestroi was investigated. The bark powder was extracted and partitioned into four main extracts—petroleum ether (PE), chloroform (CE), ethyl acetate (EE), and n-butanol (BE). Termite bioassay on different extracts was carried out. The total phenol content (TPC) of the extracts was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and expressed as gallic acid equivalent (GAE). Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) were used as a positive control in the free-radical-scavenging activity test. It was believed that both the toxicity and antioxidant properties of extractives imparted natural resistance to the bark of R. apiculata. Considering wood weight loss, EE appeared to be the most potent inhibitor. The EE was then fractionated into three fractions (F1, F2, F3) by means of thin layer chromatography. F2 exhibited the lowest mean percentage weight loss. Through chemical and spectral analyses, we attribute the presence of bioactive constituents in the EE to a mixture of aromatic carboxylic acids or phenolics.     

Comite international pour la caracterisation et la terminologie du carbone “Publication de 14 definitions”

The following is a French translation of the 14 definitions originally published in Carbon23, 601–603 (1985). Some notes concerning the different meanings of some English terms and their French equivalents are also included. Correspondence regarding this material should be sent to Prof. A. Marchand, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, Domaine Universitaire, 33405 Talence Cedex, France.

Résumé

On trouvera ci-dessous la traduction en français, effectuée sous l'égide du Groupe Français d'Etude des Carbones (G.F.E.C.), de 14 définitions publiées précédemment en anglais [Carbon23, 601–603 (1985)]. L'uge des divers termes français est parfois assez différent de l'uge de leurs équivalents anglais. Certaines définitions sont donc suivies des “observations des traducteurs” qui présentent les remarques nécesires aux scientifiques et techniciens francophones. Toute correspondence relative à ces définitions doit être adressée au Professeur A. Marchand (Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, Domaine Universitaire. 33405 Talence Cédex, France).