AMPS接枝聚乙烯醇高吸水性树脂的合成

采用水溶液聚合,过硫酸钾-亚硫酸氢钠氧化-还原复合引发体系,以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为原料,合成AMPS接枝聚乙烯醇高吸水树脂。考察了共聚反应的聚合温度、单体配比、中和度、交联剂、引发剂用量、反应时间等对吸水率的影响。所合成的树脂吸水率达382.2 g/g,吸0.9%NaCl溶液最大为82.7 g/g。     

丙烯酸/马来酸酐高吸水树脂的合成

以丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酸盐和马来酸酐(MA)为原料,过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)和甘油为交联剂,采用水溶液聚合法合成了一种新型的高吸水树脂. 考察了交联剂用量、引发剂用量以及马来酸酐氨化程度对高吸水树脂吸水性能的影响,并通过正交实验优化了条件,使合成的高吸水树脂对去离子水和0.9%的NaCl水溶液的吸收能力分别达到1689 g/g和115 g/g.     

Preparation of superabsorbent based on the graft copolymerization of acrylic acid and acrylamide onto konjac glucomannan and its application in the water retention in soils

A new konjac glucomannan (KGM)-based superabsorbent polymer, KGM-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide), was prepared by the free radical grafting solution polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) monomers onto KGM in the presence of N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker with potassium persulfate as an initiator. The effects of reaction parameters, including the amount of crosslinking agent and initiator, the weight ratio of both (AA + AM) to KGM and AM to (AA + AM), neutralization degree of AA, bath temperature, and reaction time, on the water absorbency of the superabsorbent were investigated. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the structures of the copolymer. The maximum water absorbency of the optimized product was 650 g/g for distilled water and 70 g/g for a 0.9 wt % aqueous NaCl solution. Furthermore, the water retention of the copolymer in soils was studied. The effect of the copolymers on the aggregate distribution of soils was also evaluated. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Studies on poly(acrylic acid)/attapulgite superabsorbent composite. I. Synthesis and characterization

A novel poly(acrylic acid)/attapulgite superabsorbent composite was synthesized by graft copolymerization reaction of acrylic acid (AA) on attapulgite micropowder using N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker and ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator in aqueous solution. The effects on water absorbency of such factors as reaction temperature, initial monomer concentration, degree of neutralization of AA, amount of crosslinker, initiator, and attapulgite were investigated. These crosslinked superabsorbent composites were characterized by thermogravimetetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The graft copolymerization reaction of AA on attapulgite micropowder was characterized by FTIR. The water absorbencies for these superabsorbent composites in water and saline solutions were investigated and water‐retention tests were carried out. Results obtained from this study show that the water absorbency of the superabsorbent composite synthesized under optimal synthesis conditions with an attapulgite content of 10% exhibited an absorption of 1017 g H₂O/g sample and 77 g H₂O/g sample in distilled water and in 0.9 wt % NaCl solution, respectively. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 1596–1603, 2004     

静态溶液聚合法合成SA-IP-SPS型高吸水性树脂

采用氯磺酸磺化法制备了聚乙烯醇硫酸钠（SPS）,以工业级丙烯酸和SPS为原料采用静态溶液聚合法合成了具有良好吸水、吸盐水性能及较高热稳定性的聚丙烯酸（盐）-聚乙烯醇硫酸钠互穿网络型高吸水性树脂（SA-IP-SPS）,红外光谱、热重分析、硫含量分析结果表明了SA-IP-SPS互穿网络结构的形成.对SPS含量、PVA分子量的考察结果表明：PVA相对分子质量在90000～124000,SPS含量在3%左右时得到的SA-IP-SPS高吸水性树脂吸附性能最高（吸水900g·g^-1,吸0.9%食盐水97 g·g^-1）.     

Synthesis and characterization of super‐absorbent hydrogels based on hemicellulose

A kind of novel hemicellulose‐based hydrogel with excellent water absorbency was synthesized by the graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA), acrylic amide (AM) with hemicellulose. The various factors that influenced the water absorbency of the modified hemicellulose were studied, including AA content, hemicellulose content, neutralization degree of AA, and weight ratio (to monomer) of cross‐linker and initiator. The optimal conditions were found as follows: m(AA) : m(AM) : m(hemicellulose) = 15 : 3.5 : 1, the neutralization degree of AA was 75%, and weight ratio (to monomers) of the cross‐linker and the initiator was 0.03% and 1.0%, respectively. The maximum absorbencies toward distilled water and 0.9 wt % NaCl solution were 1128 g/g and 132 g/g, respectively. The characteristics of the hydrogels were also investigated by Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and atomic force microscope (AFM). The results indicated that the undulant surface and broad network structure offer the hydrogels excellent water absorbency. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42441.     

丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺高吸水树脂溶液共聚与吸液性能研究

以丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料,过硫酸钾为引发剂,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,采用水溶液聚合对丙烯酸-丙烯酸胺(PAAAM)高吸水树脂的合成条件进行了优化。结果表明,在室温下最大吸蒸馏水倍率为2710g/g,在w(NaCl)=0.9%的水溶液中吸水倍率为133g/g。考察了单体质量分数、交联剂质量分数以及引发剂质量分数对PAAAM在蒸馏水及w(NaCl)=0.9%溶液中吸液性能的影响,并对实验结果进行了回归分析。     

壳聚糖交联聚丙烯酸/马来酸酐吸水树脂的制备

以马来酸酐(MA)、丙烯酸(AA)为原料,过硫酸铵(APS)和亚硫酸氢钠为引发剂,N-马来酰化壳聚糖(N-MACH)为交联剂,采用水溶液自由基聚合反应合成了高吸水树脂,并用正交实验法对合成条件进行了优化,得到最佳合成条件。结果表明,当单体浓度为20%,交联剂的用量为0.03 g,AA中和度为50%,m(MA)/m(AA)为5%时,可以合成具有较好吸水性的高吸水树脂,在蒸馏水中的吸水倍率为1 560.42 g/g;合成的吸水树脂具有较好的吸水速度;不同种类盐溶液浓度的变化对吸水树脂吸水率的影响较大。     

耐盐保水剂的合成及其性能

以丙烯酸(AA)、2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)和甲基烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚(HPEG-2400)为单体, 以过硫酸铵(APS)和亚硫酸氢钠为引发剂, N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(NMBA)为交联剂, 采用溶液聚合法制备了耐盐性能较好的高吸水性新型保水剂, 并用FTIR对保水剂进行表征。研究了不同单体配比、交联剂用量、中和度及温度等因素对其保水性能的影响。实验结果表明:当固定引发剂质量分数为1%, 单体质量比为AA:AMPS:HPEG-2400=10:3:4, 交联剂质量分数为0.02%, 中和度为60%, 温度为60℃时, 合成得到的保水剂在1%氯化钾溶液中的吸水能力达201g/g, 对去离子水吸水能力达1787g/g。     

壳聚糖交联聚马来酸酐高吸水树脂的性能研究

以N-马来酰化壳聚糖(N-MACH)为交联剂,马来酸酐(MA)、丙烯酸(AA)为原料,过硫酸铵(APS)和亚硫酸氢钠为氧化还原引发剂,采用水溶液自由基聚合反应合成了高吸水树脂,研究了高吸水树脂在自然状态下的保水性、重复吸水性能、pH敏感性和生物降解性能。研究表明:高吸水树脂具有良好的保水能力、反复吸水能力和生物降解性,其最佳pH值适用范围为pH=7～10。     

AM/AMPS二元吸水树脂的合成与性能研究

以N ,N 亚甲基丙烯酰胺为交联剂、过硫酸钾为引发剂 ,采用溶液聚合制备了AM/AMPS高吸水性树脂 ,并用正交实验及单因素考察法对最佳反应条件进行了研究。得到最佳条件 :w(交联剂 ) =0 0 1 %、w(单体 ) =2 0 %、中和度为 65 %、n(AMPS)∶n(AM ) =1∶1、w (引发剂 ) =0 0 2 %、反应温度 50～ 80℃、反应时间 7h ,在此条件下合成的共聚物于室温下吸蒸馏水最大达2 2 1 5倍 ,吸w(NaCl) =0 9%水溶液最大为 1 1 9倍。     

Synthesis of AA‐based superabsorbent interpenetrated with sodium PVA sulfate

An interpenetrating network of acrylic acid (AA)‐based superabsorbents and sodium PVA sulfate (SPS) were prepared by copolymerizing AA and N,N′‐methylene bisacrylamide as a crosslinking monomer in a solution of SPS with KPS, a radical initiator. The SPS was prepared through the sulfation of the hydroxyl groups of PVA with DMF‐SO₃ complex in DMSO. The AA‐based superabsorbent interpenetrated with SPS (SA‐IP‐SPS) showed superior properties such as higher water and saline absorbency, absorbency under load (AUL), and water retention value (WRV) compared with AA‐based superabsorbent due to the interpenetrated SPS. The maximum water and saline absorbency of SA‐IP‐SPS was 1753 and 125.6 g/g, respectively. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 2525–2532, 2000     

Preparation of acrylic acid and AMPS cointercalated layered double hydroxide and its application for superabsorbent

This article reports the cointercalation of acrylic acid (AA) and 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) in the interlayer region of Mg₂Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) and the application of this inorganic–organic composite material in the field of water superabsorbent. The monomers of AA and AMPS were cointercalated into galleries of Mg₂Al−LDH (denoted as AA−AMPS/LDH) with various molar ratios by ion‐exchange method, which was confirmed by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and elemental analysis. The polymer‐based superabsorbent was prepared through in situ free‐radical aqueous copolymerization of AA and AMPS, with AA−AMPS/LDH as additive, N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (NMBA) as crosslinker and potassium persulfate (KPS) as initiator. The composition of this poly(AA‐co‐AMPS)/LDH was demonstrated as a good water superabsorbent. The LDH content, water absorbency, thermal stability, and swelling rate of this superabsorbent were also investigated in detail. Results showed that the incorporation of a 5 wt % AA−AMPS/LDH into polymer matrix increased its water absorbency significantly by 27.7% (in water) and by 51.5% (in 0.9 wt % NaCl solution). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

PVA/PAA-AM共混高吸水纤维的微观结构与吸液能力

丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)为单体,在聚乙烯醇(PVA)溶液中共聚,由聚合物溶液纺丝制备高吸水纤维。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了纤维微观结构,结果表明,高吸水纤维具有微相分离结构,纤维表面形貌和横截面形状随纤维组成变化。从吸水溶胀后经液氮冷阱干燥的纤维干凝胶的SEM照片,可以观察到纤维内部存在原纤间交联网络和大量各向异性分布的长形孔洞,证实纤维具有三维网络结构并且吸收过大量的水。随AM加入量的增加,纤维的吸液能力先上升后下降, w〔AM/(AA+AM+PVA)〕=3%时,纤维吸蒸馏水倍率为 243,吸ρ(NaCl) =9g/L的盐水溶液倍率为 58。研究表明,较多的AM会导致共混结构不相容性增加,吸水能力下降。     

Preparation and swelling properties of semi‐IPN hydrogels based on chitosan‐g‐poly(acrylic acid) and phosphorylated polyvinyl alcohol

The phosphorylated poly(vinyl alcohol) (P‐PVA) samples with various substitution degrees were prepared through the esterification reaction of PVA and phosphoric acid. By using chitosan (CTS), acrylic acid (AA) and P‐PVA as raw materials, ammonium persulphate (APS) as an initiator and N,N‐methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker, the CTS‐g‐PAA/P‐PVA semi‐interpenetrated polymer network (IPN) ssuperabsorbent hydrogel was prepared in aqueous solution by the graft copolymerization of CTS and AA and followed by an interpenetrating and crosslinking of P‐PVA chains. The hydrogel was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques, and the influence of reaction variables, such as the substitution degree and content of P‐PVA on water absorbency were also investigated. FTIR and DSC results confirmed that PAA had been grafted onto CTS backbone and revealed the existence of phase separation and the formation of semi‐IPN network structure. SEM observations indicate that the incorporation of P‐PVA induced highly porous structure, and P‐PVA was uniformly dispersed in the polymeric network. Swelling results showed that CTS‐g‐PAA/P‐PVA semi‐IPN superabsorbent hydrogel exhibited improved swelling capability (421 g·g^?1 in distilled water and 55 g·g^?1 in 0.9 wt % NaCl solution) and swelling rate compared with CTS‐g‐PAA/PVA hydrogel (301 g·g^?1 in distilled water and 47 g·g^?1 in 0.9 wt % NaCl solution) due to the phosphorylation of PVA. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Synthesis,swelling behaviors,and slow‐release characteristics of a guar gum‐g‐poly(sodium acrylate)/sodium humate superabsorbent

Superabsorbents used in agricultural and ecological projects with low‐cost, slow‐release fertilizers and environmentally friendly characteristics have been extensively studied. The use of a natural polymer as the matrix and then further polymerization with some functional material has become the preferred method. In this work, with natural guar gum (GG), partially neutralized acrylic acid, and sodium humate (SH) as the raw materials, ammonium persulfate as the initiator, and N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as the crosslinker, GG‐g‐poly(sodium acrylate) (PNaA)/SH superabsorbents were synthesized through a solution polymerization reaction and were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The effects of the SH content and MBA concentration on the water absorbency were investigated. The results showed that the introduction of SH into the GG‐g‐PNaA system could improve the water absorbency, swelling rate, pH‐resistant property, and reswelling capability, and the superabsorbent containing 15 wt % SH had the highest water absorbency of 532 g/g of sample in distilled water and 62 g/g of sample in a 0.9 wt % NaCl solution. The slow release in water and water retention in sandy soil tests revealed that the superabsorbent could act as a fertilizer as well as an effective water‐saving material for agricultural applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

丙烯酸类共聚物超吸水树脂的合成研究

用丙烯酸（AA）和丙烯酰胺（AM）作原料,以氢氧化铝为交联剂,过硫酸盐为引发剂,通过溶液聚合法,合成了高吸水性树脂聚（丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺）（P（AA-AM））共聚物。讨论了其在蒸馏水和NaCl水溶液中的吸液性能,考察了单体配比、丙烯酸中和度、交联剂用量、反应温度、引发剂用量等条件对树脂吸水性能的影响。结果表明,最佳合成丁艺为：n（AM）：n（AA）为O．3-0．4,AA的中和度为70％,过硫酸钾和单体的质量比为0．2％-0．3％,氢氧化铝和单体的质量比为0．03％-0．05％,聚合温度为55-60℃。测得的吸水倍率为1050g／g。     

Synthesis and characterization of pH- and thermoresponsive Poly(<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-isopropylacrylamide-co-itaconic acid) hydrogels crosslinked with <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-maleyl chitosan

Biodegradable cross-linker N-maleyl chitosan (N-MACH) was synthesized with chitosan (CS) and maleic anhydride (MA) by acylation. With N-MACH cross-linker, a series of cross-linked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-itaconic acid) [P(NIPAAm-co-IA)] hydrogels were prepared, and their pH-and temperature-responsive behaviors, water contents, swelling/deswelling kinetics were investigated. By alternating the NIPAAm/IA weight ratios, hydrogels had the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) changed from 33 to 38 °C, whereas cross-linking density did not affect the VPTT apparently. The water content of hydrogels was controlled by the monomer weight ratios of NIPAAm/IA, swelling media, and the cross-linking density. The results of the influence of pH value on the swelling behaviors showed that the minimum swelling ratios of the hydrogels appeared in neutral buffer solution, which was attributed to chemical composition of the hydrogels and the swelling media. In the swelling/deswelling kinetics, all the dried hydrogels exhibited fast swelling within 480 min and fast deswelling within 20 min, which was independent of the content of IA and cross-linker.     

Synthesis and swelling behaviors of semi‐IPNs superabsorbent resin based on chicken feather protein

A novel chicken feather protein‐g‐poly (potassium acrylate)/polyvinyl alcohol (CFP‐g‐PKA/PVA) semi‐IPNs superabsorbent resin (SAR) based on feather protein, acrylic acid (AA), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was synthesized by graft copolymerization and semi‐interpenetrating technology. The results from FTIR, SEM, and TGA analysis showed that both CFP and PVA reacted with PKA during the polymerization process. The effects of AA, PVA, initiator and crosslinker content on water absorbency of semi‐IPNs SAR were studied. The swelling behavior in various pHs and saline solutions were also investigated. The water absorbency of SAR reached the maximum at pH = 6. The effect of the five cations on swelling had the following order: Al³⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Mg²⁺ > K⁺ > Na⁺. The highest water absorbency in distilled water and 0.9 wt % NaCl solutions were 714.22 and 70.08 g g^?1, respectively. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39748.     

Synthesis and properties of carboxymethyl cellulose‐graft‐poly(acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide) as a novel cellulose‐based superabsorbent

A new cellulose‐based superabsorbent polymer, carboxymethyl cellulose‐graft‐poly(acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide), was prepared by the free‐radical grafting solution polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) monomers onto carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in the presence of N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker with a redox couple of potassium persulfate and sodium metabisulfite as an initiator. The influences of reaction variables such as the initiator content, crosslinker content, bath temperature, molar ratio of AA to AM, and weight ratio of the monomers to CMC on the water absorbency of the carboxymethylcellulose‐graft‐poly(acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide) copolymer were investigated. The copolymer's structures were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The optimum reaction conditions were obtained as follows: the bath temperature was 50°C; the molar ratio of AA to AM was 3 : 1; the mass ratio of the monomers to CMC was 4 : 1; and the weight percentages of the crosslinker and initiator with respect to the monomers were 0.75 and 1%, respectively. The maximum water absorbency of the optimized product was 920 g/g for distilled water and 85 g/g for a 0.9 wt % aqueous NaCl solution. In addition, the superabsorbent possessed good water retention and salt resistance. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1382–1388, 2007