考虑泊位偏好和岸桥移动的泊位岸桥联合调度

为了更高效地利用码头资源,同时考虑泊位资源和岸桥资源,建立了考虑泊位偏好和岸桥移动频数的泊位岸桥联合调度两阶段模型.第一阶段模型采用船舶到港时间可变的到港策略,建立了以船舶等待成本、泊位偏离成本、延迟离港成本之和最小为目标的混合整数规划模型.第二阶段模型考虑了岸桥的干扰约束,建立了以岸桥移动频数最小为目标的整数规划模型...     

离散泊位布局下的泊位岸桥动态协调调度

为了制定合理的集装箱码头泊位岸桥资源调度计划,提高码头作业效率和客户满意度,基于离散泊位布局,建立了以在港集装箱船总的服务成本最小为优化目标的动态泊位岸桥协调调度模型。设计了遗传算法对模型求解,通过将部分约束条件嵌入算法结构简化了模型求解难度,并对算法迭代过程中的不可行解采用逐时刻基因调整策略进行修复。经过若干算例的数值实验,验证了模型和算法的可行性和有效性。     

基于船时效率的岸桥配置优化

在集装箱码头系统中,对船舶进行有效的岸桥配置有助于缓解岸边资源紧张的现状,提高码头的运营效率。针对连续泊位下动态到港船舶的泊位分配和岸桥配置的集成优化问题,对船舶的岸桥配置进行基于船时效率的动态调整,以最小化包括船舶延迟靠泊成本、偏离偏好泊位成本、延迟离港成本和岸桥重新配置成本在内的总成本为目标建立模型,并根据基于船时效率的岸桥配置的调整规则设计了启发式算法,结合遗传算法（GA）对问题进行求解。最终通过算例分析,验证了提出的模型和算法在解决实际港口中泊位分配和岸桥配置问题上的有效性,并通过与未考虑岸桥配置进一步调整的传统GA计算的结果进行比较,证实了提出算法的优化效果。     

考虑能耗节约的集装箱码头双小车岸桥与AGV联合配置及调度优化

合理调度集装箱码头的装卸设备以减少生产过程中的能耗, 对实现其低碳绿色化发展具有重要意义. 针对集装箱码头向自动化发展过程中的双小车岸桥与AGV (Automated guided vehicle)联合配置及调度问题, 考虑AGV续航时间、双小车岸桥中转平台容量和堆场缓冲支架容量约束, 以岸桥的能耗最小为第一阶段模型的优化目标, 以AGV运输过程的能耗最小为第二阶段目标建立两阶段优化模型; 设计枚举法求解第一阶段模型, 改进遗传算法求解第二阶段优化模型. 以洋山四期自动化集装箱码头为例进行实验分析, 针对不同船舶在港总装卸时间和AGV配置原则进行实验, 验证了模型和算法的有效性, 结果表明以最小化能耗为目标的双小车岸桥与AGV联合调度可在岸桥主小车不延误的前提下, 显著减少AGV的配置数量.     

多目标约束处理方法求解泊位岸桥联合分配问题

为了制定合理高效的泊位岸桥联合分配方案,加快船舶周转,本文针对船舶动态到港的连续泊位建立了以船舶总在港时间最短为目标的泊位岸桥联合分配混合整数非线性模型.通过多目标约束处理策略将复杂约束的违反程度转化为另一个目标,从而将原单目标优化模型转化为双目标优化模型,并用基于快速非支配排序的多目标遗传算法(NSGA-II)对其进行求解.同时,针对问题特点,分别设计了基于调整、惩罚函数、可行解优先和综合约束处理策略的单目标遗传算法对原模型进行求解.通过多组不同规模的标准算例对本文的方法进行测试,验证了基于多目标约束处理策略的方法求解效果相较于单目标约束处理策略的方法更加高效和稳定.     

基于改进遗传算法的泊位岸桥协调调度优化

针对集装箱码头资源调度不合理造成资源浪费的问题,在考虑岸桥装卸成本的基础上,以在港集装箱船总的作业成本最小为优化目标,建立了基于非线性混合整数规划的泊位岸桥协调调度优化模型。为使模型更加接近码头操作的实际情况,模型假设船舶装卸时间依赖于为其分配的岸桥数。采用基于可拓关联函数的改进遗传算法对模型进行求解。改进算法强调了不可行解的重要性,用可拓关联度来衡量种群中不可行解的优劣程度,通过在种群迭代中始终保持一定数量的不可行解来维持种群多样性,从而克服传统算法局部搜索能力较差的缺陷。数值实验验证了模型和算法的可行性和有效性,与不考虑岸桥装卸成本的模型相比,能够有效减少港口资源的浪费。     

集装箱码头设备配置与作业调度集成优化研究

合理配置与调度自动化集装箱码头岸桥、场桥和AGV(automated guided vehicle)等设备对提高码头作业效率,减少能耗具有重要意义.在集装箱码头缓冲区容量有限的条件下,结合AGV路径无冲突约束,建立了以最小化船舶在港时间和最小化总能耗为目标的多目标混合整数规划模型,并设计了双层遗传算法求解方法.以某市自...     

基于滚动策略的集装箱码头连续泊位与桥吊集成调度

针对连续泊位与桥吊集成调度大规模求解困难的问题,提出一种基于滚动策略的优化方法。首先,建立了最小化船舶偏离偏好泊位的成本以及延迟靠泊、延迟离港的惩罚成本的基本的多目标优化模型;然后,采用滚动调度方法根据动态抵泊的船舶抵达顺序将调度过程分成连续的调度窗口,并设计窗口的平移策略、当前窗口对下一窗口的参数更新方式;对每个窗口内船舶进行调度优化,根据每个窗口内的优化结果,更新下一个窗口中数学模型的输入参数;通过选取以船舶数量表示的滚动计划窗口和冻结船舶的数量,持续滚动获得每个窗口的最优解,叠加后获得对所有船舶的靠泊计划。通过算例分析表明,滚动调度能够解决较大规模的调度问题,其效率受滚动窗口大小、冻结船舶数量及滚动次数影响     

基于蚁群算法的泊位调度优化与仿真

在全球贸易经济聚焦在中国的同时,港口的吞吐能力成为目前港口业的主要矛盾。提高泊位这个环节的运作能力,减少船舶在港时间,增加港口的吞吐能力成为主要研究对象。本文采取仿真模型与优化算法相结合的研究方法,把泊位调度问题转化为旅行商问题,建立了一个泊位岸桥协调调度,通过蚁群算法建立数学模型,使船舶在港时间最短为目标建立函数,求得最佳调度方案。用ProModel建立船舶到港停泊及离港仿真模型。验证泊位调度优化的有效性,以便指导港口实际的泊位调度。     

基于作业链的泊位与岸桥协同调度研究

针对泊位与岸桥协同调度问题,引入"链式优化"思路,用作业链的方法分析集装箱装卸作业过程,首先将泊位计划作为开始链单元,采用资源节点优化策略进行分析,以最小化船舶在港总成本为目标建立模型;然后将岸桥卸船作业作为结束链单元,采用任务节点优化策略进行分析,以最小化岸桥最大完工时间为目标建立模型.考虑到作业链的整体性能,设计嵌...     

A quay crane dynamic scheduling problem by hybrid evolutionary algorithm for berth allocation planning

A considerable growth in worldwide container transportation needs essential optimization of terminal operations. An operation schedule for berth and quay cranes can significantly affect turnaround time of ships, which is an important objective of all schedules in a port. This paper addresses the problem of determining the berthing position and time of each ship as well as the number of quay cranes assigned to each ship. The objective of the problem is to minimize the sum of the handling time, waiting time and the delay time for every ship. We introduce a formulation for the simultaneous berth and quay crane scheduling problem. Next, we combine genetic algorithm with heuristic to find an approximate solution for the problem. Computational experiments show that the proposed approaches are applicable to solve this difficult but essential terminal operation problem.     

Dynamic rolling strategy for multi-vessel quay crane scheduling

This paper focuses on the container loading and unloading problem with dynamic ship arrival times. Using a determined berth plan, in combination with the reality of a container terminal production scheduling environment, this paper proposes a scheduling method for quay cranes that can be used for multiple vessels in a container terminal, based on a dynamic rolling-horizon strategy. The goal of this method is to minimize the operation time of all ships at port and obtain operation equilibrium of quay cranes by establishing a mathematical model and using a genetic algorithm to solve the model. Numerical simulations are applied to calculate the optimal loading and unloading order and the completion time of container tasks on a ship. By comparing this result with the traditional method of quay crane loading and unloading, the paper verifies that the quay crane scheduling method for multiple vessels based on a dynamic rolling-horizon strategy can provide a positive contribution to improve the efficiency of container terminal quay crane loading and unloading and reduce resource wastage.     

Quay crane and yard truck dual-cycle scheduling with mixed storage strategy

In order to enhance the efficiency of port operations, the scheduling problem of the quay cranes and yard trucks is crucial. Conventional port operation mode lacks optimization research on efficiency of port handling operation, yard truck scheduling, and container storage location. To make quay crane operations and horizontal transportation more efficient, this study uses a dual-cycle strategy to focus on a quay crane and yard truck scheduling problem in conjunction with a mixed storage strategy. A dispatching plan for yard trucks is considered, as well as the storage location of inbound containers. Based on the above factors, a mixed-integer programming model is formulated to minimize vessels’ berth time for completing all tasks. The proposed model is solved using a particle swarm optimization-based algorithm. Validation of the proposed model and algorithm is conducted through numerical experiments. Additionally, some managerial implications which may be potentially useful for port operators are obtained.     

潮汐影响下泊位和岸桥双目标联合调度仿真

针对集装箱船舶大型化导致的港口航道现有水深无法满足大型船舶安全吃水深度,需要借助潮水上涨进出航道的现状,研究了潮汐影响下连续型泊位和动态岸桥联合调度问题。建立了以最小化船舶周转时间和岸桥在船舶间移动次数的双目标混合整数规划模型。基于问题特点,设计了Epsilon约束精确算法和带精英策略的快速非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)分别求解小规模和大规模算例的Pareto最优解集,所得结果验证了模型和算法的正确性与有效性。通过潮汐周期灵敏度分析评估了潮汐周期长度对岸桥工作效率和港口服务质量的影响。仿真结果表明,建立的优化模型能够帮助港口企业有效降低潮汐对生产作业的影响,同时提供一组高效的Pareto最优泊位岸桥调度方案提高工作效率和经济效益。     

A new continuous berth allocation and quay crane assignment model in container terminal

Over the past decades, Chinese ports throughput grew rapidly, and more and more concerns were shown on the operational efficiency and effectiveness. Many studies have been made for scheduling berth and quay cranes, which are the critical resources in container terminals. In this paper, a two-phase model for berth allocation and quay crane assignment is proposed. In the first phase, according to the relationships of time and space between vessels, a new continuous berth allocation model is established, in which not only the common restricts but the coverage area of quay crane are considered. Then in the quay crane assignment phase, a multi-objective programming model is proposed, in which the first objective is to minimize the range of maximum and minimum quay cranes used for resources saving, and the second one is to minimize the movements of quay cranes so as to improve the efficiency. A particle swarm optimization algorithm for BAP was developed. The results of numerical experiments show that the proposed approach can improve the essential operations in container terminal.     

桥吊可动态分配的连续泊位分配问题算法

研究在允许桥吊动态分配的情况下集装箱码头的连续泊位动态分配问题,并建立以船舶在港时间最小为目标的动态泊位分配模型;然后基于兄弟-儿子方法对船舶的位置进行调整以规划桥吊使桥吊不交叉。在相同算例下,比现有方法得到的船舶在港时间更少,从而验证了模型及算法的有效性。