无机离子对厌氧氨氧化反应的影响研究进展

文章简单介绍了厌氧氨氧化的概念及反应机理,概述了厌氧氨氧化基质(氨、亚硝酸盐)和金属离子对厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)反应的影响,并重点讨论并分析了Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Fe~(3+)、Fe~(2+)、Ca~(2+)等金属离子在不同浓度下对厌氧氨氧化反应的影响作用。     

载铜无机抗菌剂的制备及性能

以天然麦饭石为载体、铜离子为抗菌离子,在一定条件下通过液相离子交换反应,制备载铜麦饭石抗菌剂.运用ICP和XRD等现代分析方法对抗菌剂中银离子的含量以及银离子与载体的结合方式进行了分析,并对其抗菌性、耐久性和安全性能进行研究.结果表明,在Cu2+浓度是0.1 mol·L-1,搅拌时间是4 h,反应温度是60 ℃时,制备的麦饭石抗菌剂具有优异抗菌性、耐久性和安全性.究其原因主要在于Cu2+能从载体上缓慢地释放出来,与细菌细胞作用,杀灭细菌,从而赋予该抗菌剂良好的、持久的抗菌能力.     

The Effect of the Nature of Inorganic Ions on Hydrocarbon Flotation

Abstract

The liquid hydrocarbons hexadecane and pseudocumene (1,2,4-trimethyl-benzene) were removed from their O/W-type emulsions by flotation. The effect of different inorganic salts (NaCl, Na₂SO₄, Na₃PO₄) on the removal efficiency was investigated. It was shown that the inorganic salt effect on flotation efficiency is connected with their influence on the double-layer thickness and on the adsorption of surface-active ions.     

无机化学实验中离子定性分析考核方法的研究

本文提出了一种针对化工类一年级本科生的元素无机化学实验离子鉴定部分的考核方法，介绍了从未知样的选择、测试题编写、考核过程实施的全过程，分析了考核结果，并从教学效果、可操作性、难易程度等方面讨论了这种考核方法的特点。     

Selective Transport of Bismuth Ions through Supported Liquid Membrane

A new supported liquid membrane (SLM) system was prepared for the selective transport of bismuth ions from the aqueous feed into the aqueous permeate phase. The support of the SLM was a thin porous polypropylene or polyvinylidene fluoride membrane impregnated with diisooctyldithiophosphinic acid (Cyanex 301) as mobile carrier in 4‐chloroacetophenon as organic solvent. Cyanex 301 acts as a highly selective carrier for the uphill transport of bismuth ions through the SLM. In the presence of HNO₃ as a metal ion acceptor in the strip solution, the transport of bismuth ions into the strip side reached 70 % of the initial feed concentration after 3.5 hours. The selectivity and efficiency of bismuth transport from aqueous solutions containing different mixtures of cations were investigated. In the presence of P₂O₇^2– ions as suitable masking agent in the feed solution, the interfering effects of other cations were completely eliminated. The selective transport of bismuth through SLM is superior to liquid‐liquid extraction or through bulk liquid membranes. This is due to the high efficiency. The SLM reduces the solvent requirements, combines extraction and stripping operations in a single process and allows the use of highly selective extractants. The system may be applied to samples containing very low bismuth concentrations.     

离子色谱法测定精胺沉淀物中的无机离子

采用非抑制型电导检测离子色谱法分离测定甲胺磷中间体精胺沉淀物中的无机离子。以2.5mmol/L邻苯二甲酸+2.4mmol/L三羟甲基氨基甲烷水溶液为淋洗液,沉淀中检出Cl-和SO42-;以6mmol/LHNO3水溶液为淋洗液在沉淀中检出NH4+。用该法分析精胺沉淀物中的无机离子经济、简便、快速。     

我国PM2.5中可溶性无机离子组分的来源及特点

由于人类活动的影响,阴霾天的范围在不断扩大,并且两年频率越来越高,严重影响人们的生活及身体健康。PM2.5是造成阴霾天的主要原因,其中的可溶性无机离子组分的强吸水能力又加重了PM2.5对环境的污染程度。本文从现有的研究中总结我国PM2.5中可溶性无机离子组分的来源及特点,对于正确认识PM2.5的特征及今后开展相应研究有一定引导作用。     

离子选择电极测定工业用水中的氯离子

建立了氯离子选择性电极对工业用水中氯离子含量的测定方法,建立工作曲线进行定量,通过精密度实验测定及实际样品检测验证方法简单、快速、准确,为检测工业用水建立提供了理论依据。     

ZFC型乳化浮选药剂在煤泥浮选中的应用

利用一种自主开发的新型乳化剂将柴油乳化后作为捕收剂应用在煤泥浮选中,试验结果表明,这种乳化剂是一种良好的浮选助剂,用其乳化柴油不仅稳定性好,还大大降低浮选油耗,可节省柴油高达70%。而且显著改善煤泥的浮选效果,并已在选煤厂试用。     

双水相气浮浮选四环素中浮选条件的确定

对在双水相气浮浮选测定四环素(TC)的含量中,选择正丙醇作有机溶剂,氯化钠作分相剂,氢氧化钠(盐酸)溶液调节酸度,将TC与Ca(Ⅱ)形成的疏水性缔合物浮选至有机相,浮选完毕后经分光光度法分析。本文考察和分析了配位数、pH值、浮选时间对双水相气浮浮选的影响,得出浮选最佳条件:pH值9.5,浮选时间为6 min,n(Ca2+):n(Tc)=1∶1。     

The Effect of Inorganic Ions on Dodecylbenzenesulfonate Adsorption onto Hematite: an ATR-FTIR Study

Linear alkylbenzenesulfonates (LAS) are an important group of anionic surfactants within the detergent industry and have also been suggested for use in mineral flotation and enhanced oil recovery. Because of its great industrial importance, there are a number of publications on the adsorption of LAS on metal oxides; however, the effect of co‐adsorbing inorganic species on LAS adsorption has rarely been addressed. In this study we investigated the effect of calcium and carbonate ions on the adsorption of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS) onto hematite at pH 8 and 10.5 using in‐situ ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy. DBS adsorption on hematite was found to increase as pH was decreased from 10.5 to 8. Calcium ions promoted accumulation of DBS on hematite, with a larger amount of DBS on the surface at pH 10.5. Carbonate ions did not have any major effect on DBS adsorption on hematite. In the presence of both calcium and carbonate, the amount of DBS on the hematite surface was higher than without the two co‐adsorbing ions but lower than with calcium ions alone. Likely, precipitation of calcite reduced the total concentration of calcium ions available for the interaction with DBS on the hematite surface. The results presented in this work clearly indicate the importance of water chemistry for DBS adsorption and allow predicting adsorption behavior of DBS on iron oxides from natural and process waters of different chemistry, which is important for the industrial applications of DBS and the fate of DBS in the environment.     

无机硫酸盐S2OX2-离子的红外光谱研究

归纳和讨论了无机硫酸盐S2 Ox2 -型离子的构型和红外活性振动基频数 ,并对其红外光谱进行了吸收峰的指认     

Screening of Inorganic Adsorbents for Selective Adsorption of Thiophene from Model Gasoline

Hydrodesulfurization-treated (HDS-treated) gasoline with low sulfur content is an important source of primary fuel for fuel cells, although it contains sulfur compounds, thiophene (TP), benzothiophene (BTP), and thiophene alkylated derivatives, known as a poison for the reformer catalysts and the electrode catalysts of fuel cells. Adsorptive removal of TP from model organic liquid of HDS-treated gasoline was screened on different kinds of inorganic adsorbents: hydrous metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, aluminosilicates, acidic salts of multivalent metal, hetero polyacidic salt, and metal salts of iron hexacyanate. All the adsorbents showed very low TP uptake, less than 5% of the total TP amount when metal ions were not loaded on the adsorbent. On the other hand, some metal ion (Ag, Cu, and Ce) loaded adsorbents had good TP adsorptive properties. On simple metal oxides, Ag ion was better for the formation of adsorption center than Ce or Ni ions. In zeolite group, Ce-loaded Y-zeolite showed the largest TP uptake (99% of the total TP amount). Hydrous cerium oxide and the Ce-loaded adsorbents prepared from K₄[Fe(CN)₆], Silicagel, TiO₂, and ZrO₂ did not show TP selectivity. The effect of coexisting toluene on TP adsorption was studied from the TP solutions with and without toluene.     

An Exceptionally Selective DNA Cooperatively Binding Two Ca2+ Ions

Ca²⁺ is a highly important metal ion in biology and in the environment, and thus there is extensive work in developing sensors for Ca²⁺ detection. Although many Ca²⁺‐binding proteins are known, few nucleic acids can selectively bind Ca²⁺. DNA‐based biosensors are attractive for their high stability and excellent programmability. We report a RNA‐cleaving DNAzyme, EtNa, cooperatively binding two Ca²⁺ ions but to only one Mg²⁺. Four DNAzymes with known Ca²⁺‐dependent activity were compared, and the EtNa had the best selectivity for Ca²⁺. The EtNa is 90 times more active in Ca²⁺ than in Mg²⁺. Phosphorothioate (PS) modification showed that both non‐bridging oxygen atoms at the scissile phosphate contribute equally to Ca²⁺ binding. The pH–rate profile suggests two concurrent deprotonation reactions. EtNa was further engineered for Ca²⁺ sensing, and found to have a detection limit of 17 μm Ca²⁺ and excellent selectivity. The detection of Ca²⁺ in tap water was performed, and the result was comparable with that by ICP‐MS. This study offers new fundamental insights into Ca²⁺ binding by nucleic acids and improved metal selectivity by having multiple cooperative metal binding sites.     

Transition Metal Ions as Spectroscopic Probes for Detection of Network Structure in Novel Inorganic Glasses

Spectra of divalent transition metal ions in ZnCl₂, KOAc-Ca(OAc)₂, KNO₃-Ca(NO₃)₂, and K₂SO₄-ZnSO₄ glasses are presented. Ions with low octahedral site preference energies (e.g. CO²⁺) can be used as "probes" for divalent cations in glass and can indicate the presence or absence of network structures. Thus ZnCl₂ glass has a tetrahedral network structure, analogous to vitreous BeF₂, but KOAc-Ca(OAc)₂ and KNO₃-Ca(NO₃)₂ glasses contain potassium ions and discrete acetatocalcate(II) and nitratocalcate(II) "complex ions." The structure of acetate and nitrate glasses is discussed in terms of the ideal glass concept.     

Selective Extraction of Precious Metal Ions with Novel Trident Molecules Containing Pyridyl Groups

Trident molecules containing pyridyl groups have been prepared for use as novel extraction reagents to investigate their physicochemical properties for dissolution into the aqueous phase and their ability, together with their corresponding monomeric analogues, to extract precious metal ions. Differences in their behavior were related to the pK _a values of the trident molecules and the position of the nitrogen atom in the pyridyl groups. The trident molecules exhibit the ability to selectively extract silver from mixtures of other precious metals. The extraction mechanism and the coordination site of the silver ion with a 2-pyridyl derivative were determined by slope analysis and peak shift of the ¹H-NMR spectra of the extraction reagent before and after silver loading.     

Selective Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Diafiltration of Macromolecular Complexes

Abstract

A process for the selective removal of heavy metal ions with macromolecular chelating agents or emulsified liquid ion exchange materials in combination with ultrafiltration is described. The theoretical limitations of the procedure are discussed, and several practical applications are presented.     

Improved Time-Resolved Measurements of Inorganic Ions in Particulate Matter by PILS-IC Integrated with a Sample Pre-Concentration System

A particle-into-liquid sampler coupled with ion chromatograph (PILS-IC) for the on-line measurement of inorganic ions has been modified by the insertion of two ion-exchange pre-concentration cartridges that enrich the sample during the period of the IC analysis. The limits of detection of the modified instrument were 10-15 times lower and the time coverage 24 times higher (from 2 to 48 min per hour) than those of the original PILS-IC setup. The instrumental performance in terms of recovery and break-through volume from the cartridges was satisfactory. The modified PILS-IC was operated in comparison with a diffusion denuder line and with a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-TOF-AMS) during a short intensive measurement period organized in the framework of the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP), a co-operative program for monitoring and evaluation of the long-range transmission of the air pollutants in Europe. The instrument showed a quantitative response in agreement with the results of the diffusion lines, and an ability to trace fine concentration variations not so different from the performance of the much more complex HR-TOF-AMS. From the time patterns of the ion concentrations measured by the modified PILS-IC, it was possible to obtain useful information about the variations in the air quality and in the strength of the particulate matter sources.

Copyright 2015 American Association for Aerosol Research     

金的高选择性浮选分离研究

研究了氯化钠和四丁基溴化铵分离金的行为及与一些金属离子分离的条件。实验结果表明,当溶液中氯化钠和四丁基溴化铵的浓度分别为2.5×10-3mol/L和4.0×10-4mol/L时,Au(Ⅲ)可与Ga(Ⅲ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Pd(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)、Rh(Ⅲ)、Al(Ⅲ)、Cd(Ⅱ)、Ce(Ⅳ)、Fe(Ⅲ)、Ru(Ⅲ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、W(Ⅵ)、Ti(Ⅳ)、Pb(Ⅱ)、Sb(Ⅲ)、V(Ⅴ)、Pt(Ⅳ)、Mn(Ⅱ)I、n(Ⅲ)、Sn(Ⅳ)、Ni(Ⅱ)I、r(Ⅳ)和Cr(Ⅲ)离子定量分离,对合成水样中Au(Ⅲ)的分离和测定,结果满意。