Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline:TiO2 Nanocomposites

Thin films of polyaniline (PANi) and PANi:titanium oxide (TiO₂) composites have been synthesized by sol—gel spin coating technique. The TiO₂ powder of particle size 50–60 nm was synthesized by sol–gel technique and the polyaniline was synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline. The composite films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV-vis spectroscopy, and the results were compared with polyaniline films. The intensity of the diffraction peaks for PANi:TiO₂ composites is lower than that for TiO₂. The characteristic FTIR peaks of PANi were found to shift to a higher wave number in the PANi:TiO₂ composite. These observed effects have been attributed to the interaction of TiO₂ particles with PANi molecular chains. The room temperature resistivity of polyaniline:nano-TiO₂ composite is 3.43 × 10³ Ω cm and the resistivity of pure nano-TiO₂ particles is 1.60 × 10⁶ Ω cm.     

Modifications in the structural,morphological, optical properties of Ag45Se40Te15 thin films by proton ion irradiation for optoelectronics and nonlinear applications

This current work reports the 30 keV proton ion irradiation induced structural, morphological, and optical properties change in Ag₄₅Se₄₀Te₁₅ films at different fluences. The thin films were irradiated with different ion fluences, such as 5 × 10¹⁵ ions/cm²,1 × 10¹⁶ ions/cm² and 5 × 10¹⁶ ions/cm². The electronic loss (S_e) dominates over the nuclear loss (S_n) in proton irradiation. The X-ray diffraction study shows the phase transformation from amorphous to crystalline upon ion irradiation. The Raman analysis confirms the change in chemical and vibrational bonds due to structural alterations in the films. The surface morphology has been studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy and the composition of the films has been checked by the energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The particle size increased upon the increase in ion irradiation fluence. The surface roughness of the films has been studied by atomic force microscopy. The transmission data is used to calculate the linear optical parameters. The absorption edge shifts towards the high wavelength region inferring the reduction in the optical bandgap. The linear refractive index of the films increased with ion fluence. The optical density increased at the high wavelength region while the skin depth decreased with fluence. The carrier concentration per effective mass decreased while the plasma frequency increased with proton irradiation. The nonlinearity (χ ⁽³⁾ and n₂) values increased significantly with the increase in fluences. Such kind of materials with optimization in their optical parameters are primarily essential for cutting-edge photonic, optoelectronic, and nonlinear optical applications.     

Optical and electrical properties of thin films of WO3 electrochemically coloured

Strong blue colouration has been induced in rf sputtered thin films of WO₃ by electrochemical injection of H⁺, Li⁺, and Ag⁺ ions from various solid and liquid electrolytes. Electrical conductivity and optical properties of the coloured films are reported. Comparison of these properties with those of single crystal tungsten bronzes of equivalent composition is made. Evidence, electrical and optical, for a non-uniform distribution of injected ions produced by relatively fast diffusion down grain boundaries in these polycrystalline WO₃ films is presented. A model for the optical absorption consisting of two components, due to (i) conduction electron intra-band transitions (in states close to crystalline surfaces) and (ii) transitions from unionized donor states to the conduction band (in the grain boundary phase), is tentatively proposed.     

Optical Properties of Gamma-Irradiated ST/MMA Copolymer

Copolymer films, with various concentrations of styrene (ST) and methyl-methacrylate (MMA), were prepared by thermal polymerization. The films were exposed to different doses of gamma rays up to 10 Mrad. The optical absorption α and the optical parameters, including the energy band gap E _g and band tail width E _w , were estimated for the films before and after irradiation by gamma rays. Furthermore, the effect of UV radiation on un-irradiated films was investigated. The specular reflection of PS, PMMA, and copolymer has been measured. The refractive index and Cauchy's constants were evaluated for the films before and after irradiation by gamma rays. The structure–property behavior of the films was scrutinized by DSC and FT-IR.     

A.C. Conductivity and Dielectric Properties of Polycarbonate Sheet

ABSTRACT

The a.c. conductivity σ_a.c(ω), the dielectric constant ?′ and dielectric loss ?″ of polycarbonate sheet have been studied in the frequency range 1.5 × 10²–5 × 10⁶ Hz and temperature range 294–473 K. A.c. conductivity σ_a.c(ω) results show that it depends strongly on the frequency and slightly on the temperature, with activation energy between 0.0003 and 0.085 e.V. The a.c. conductivity σ_a.c(ω) as a function of frequency is well described by a power law Aω^S where S is the frequency exponent. The obtained values of S < 1 in the first region over the frequency range 1.5 × 10²–4 × 10³ Hz, the temperature dependence of both a.c. conductivity σ_a.c(ω) and the parameter S are reasonably well interpreted by the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model. The second region, where S > 1 over the frequency range 4 × 10³–5 × 10⁶ Hz, has a strong dependence on the frequency but near independence of the temperature, suggesting that the conductivity may be interpreted by the Maxwell–Wagner (M–W) dispersion. In the first region, the optical band gap of the material, E_g, and the maximum barrier height, W_m, are calculated, suggesting that there is agreement with that proposed by the theory of hopping of charge carriers over potential barrier as suggested. Spatial inhomogeneity may affect the conduction mechanisms in polycarbonate. The experimental values of dielectric constant, ?′ and dielectric loss, ?″, show their dependence on temperature and frequency.     

Impact of nano-perovskite La2CuO4 on dc-conduction,opto-electrical sensing and thermal behavior of PVA nanocomposite films

ABSTRACT

Nanocomposite (NC) films of poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) incorporated with varying amounts of perovskite lanthanum cuprate (La₂CuO₄) nanoparticles (NPs) have been fabricated by solution intercalation technique. TEM result showed the size of NPs between 91-134nm. The effects of NPs content on structural and morphological behaviors of PVA have been established by XRD, FTIR and SEM methods. Electrical properties of NC films were performed using LCR-meter. Current (I)–voltage (V) data displayed dc-conductivity increased with increasing NPs content and trends of I–V indicate the dominant Ohmic behavior at voltage <5V and above that Poole–Frenkel emission is the dominant conduction mechanism. Ac-conductivity increases with increase in frequency and dosage of NPs. The maximum ac-conductivity obtained in this investigation is 2.43X10^?5S/cm for PVA/2wt% La₂CuO₄ with lowest activation energy of 0.147 eV at 25^°C. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) revealed the specific capacitance of PVA-NC improved compared to pristine PVA. The reduction in T_g with increment NPs contents was observed. The optical behaviors of NCs were deduced by UV-visible spectroscopy where the result showed band gap energy was reduced from 5.23eV to 3.25eV whereas refractive index increased from 1.71 to 2.44 for pure PVA and PVA/2wt%La₂CuO₄, respectively.     

Characterization of UV-irradiated Lexan polycarbonate films

Lexan polycarbonate films were irradiated by UV radiation at wavelength $ \lambda $  = 250 nm under different time exposures of 1, 2, 4, 6 and 7 h. Structural, optical and mechanical modifications were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), UV–Visible spectroscopy, impedance analysis, tensile testing and rheometry methods. The crystallite size and percentage of crystallinity were found to decrease upon irradiation as was studied by XRD. It indicated that polymer was moving towards more disordered state after irradiation corroborating DSC results. FTIR Study showed the carbonate linkage is the radiation-sensitive linkage and benzene ring does not undergo any change after irradiation. SEM results showed the formation of pores after irradiation. The atomic force microscopy measurements revealed that the average roughness of the film increased after being irradiated. The glass transition temperature was observed to decrease after irradiation as revealed by DSC measurement. UV–Visible spectra showed decrease in optical band gap after irradiation due to chain scission in the Lexan polycarbonate. Plot of AC conductivity versus log (f) displayed a sharp increase in conductivity at higher frequencies and dielectric constant/loss was observed to change with the irradiation time. The mechanical properties and average molecular weight of Lexan polycarbonate decreased after irradiation, while the average number of chain scissions per original polymer molecule increased with increase in time of exposure.     

Investigation on the comparison of the structural,electrical and optical properties between ZCO:Na and ZCO:(Na,N) films synthesized by RF magnetron sputtering

Sodium doped ZnCdO (ZCO:Na) and sodium-nitrogen co-doped ZnCdO [ZCO:(Na, N)] films have been deposited on quartz substrates by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering followed by a post-annealing treatment. The Hall-effect measurement results emphasized the importance of the dopant and annealing conditions in realizing p-type conversion. The ZCO:(Na, N) film annealed at 655 °C for 30 min (denoted sample F) showed optimal p-type conduction properties, which has the carrier concentration of 7.84 × 10¹⁸ cm^?3. Compared to the best p-type conduction of the ZCO:Na film (sample C), sample F reveals an increased carrier concentration (up from 10¹⁷ to 10¹⁸ cm^?3) owing to the formation of Na_Zn and N_o dual acceptors. Furthermore, the XPS results revealed that sample F has a higher Na_Zn acceptor content than sample C. The ZCO:(Na, N) films exhibited better crystal quality compared to the ZCO:Na films based on comparison of the values of full width at half maximum and intensity. It was found that the band gap (E_g) of all ZCO:Na and ZCO:(Na, N) films were smaller than that of pure ZnO due to Cd doping, and that the E_g increased with the increase of T_ann, which is ascribed to the fact that more Cd atoms were evaporated from the films at higher T_ann. In addition, the E_g of the ZCO:(Na, N) films (samples E-G) are generally larger than that of the ZCO:Na films (samples A-D). This is attributed to the incorporation of N in ZCO:(Na, N), as the N_o acceptor impedes the formation of V_o defects, resulting in a decrease in the formation of the Cd_Zn-V_o complex, which in turn decreased the Cd concentration.     

Synthesis and characterization of gallic acid derivatives and their utilized as organic photo-stabilizers for poly (vinyl chloride)

The photo-stabilization of poly (vinyl chloride) containing 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives derived from Gallic acid as additives were studied. The four different substituents of 1,3,4-thiadiazole-gallic derivatives, 2-(4-substituted-phenyl)-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole, (R1-R4) were prepared starting from Gallic acid and characterized by FTIR, ¹HNMR and elemental analysis. The 5% concentration by weight of these derivatives (R1-R4) in PVC polymer was used to study the photo-stabilization of PVC. The photo-stabilization of PVC films were studied at room temperature under irradiation of U.V light with λ = 385 nm and an intensity of 7.75 × 10^?7 Einstein dm^?3 s^?1. The photo-stabilization activity of these compounds was determined by monitoring the carbonyl (I_CO), polyene (I_po) and hydroxyl (I_OH) indices and weight loss method with irradiation time. It was found that the (I_CO), (I_po) and (I_OH) index values increased with the irradiation time increase, this increase found to depend on the type of additives, also it was found that the PVC films in the presence of additives (R1-R4) were arranged as the following trend: PVC + R1 > PVC + R2 > PVC + R3 > PVC + R4.     

Synthesis and characterization of conjugated and nanostructured poly(propargyl alcohol) polymers

New types of π-conjugated and colored poly(propargyl alcohol) polymers (poly-PGA) were prepared by the polymerization of propargyl alcohol (PGA) monomer in different media under the action of high energy photons, γ-rays, without the use of catalysts. The polymerization conditions depend on the used solvents (water, chloroform and dimethylformamide) and gases (O₂ and N₂). A singlet and broad electron paramagnetic resonance signal was observed in poly-PGA polymers, indicating the presence of free electrons and the delocalization of electrons through the polymer π-backbone. The synthesized polymers have FTIR bands (C=C) in the range of 1607–1652 cm^?1 and an absorption broadband in the spectrum range of 305–316 nm. The poly-PGA polymers which synthesized in chloroform and DMF exhibited amorphous structures as approved by XRD results. In addition, both TEM and DLS measurements showed the formation of nanostructured polymers in the shape of nano-spheres, nano-stars and nano-networks depending on polymerization conditions. Radiation polymerization of the monomer in chloroform produced a polychlorinated polymer as demonstrated by EDX analysis. The polymers have optical band gaps in the range of 2.85–3.50 eV and conductivity in the range of 2.45?×?10^?6 to 9.43?×?10^?7 depending on the polymerization conditions and the media used.     

Structural alterations of polycarbonate/PBT by gamma irradiation for high technology applications

In this work, polycarbonate/polybutylene terephthalate (PC/PBT) was irradiated with different gamma doses ranging from 200 kGy to 1950 kGy. Structural alterations of irradiated PC/PBT polymer blend have been studied using UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), as well as surface wettability. The results of UV–vis spectra showed that gamma irradiation induced an increase in the optical absorption with an increase in the gamma doses with shift in the optical absorption edge in the irradiated samples toward the higher wavelength. This shift is correlated with the decrease in optical band gap energy. Optical band gap decreases up to 12 and 20% with respect to pristine sample for direct and indirect transition, respectively. The number of carbon atoms per conjugated length has been estimated. The α phase and β phase of the crystalline PBT structure were observed. The α phase reflections are slightly increased due to the irradiation but the accompanying α to β transformation alters the results. FTIR investigation showed slight variation in the absorption spectrum specially in the range from 1300 to 1001 cm^?1 which are related to the O–C–O arrangements that is found to be the most affected part of the molecule by irradiation. A remarkable increase was observed in the wettability, surface free energy, and adhesion work of irradiated samples with an increase in the gamma doses.     

Effect of Au ion beam on structural,surface, optical and electrical properties of ZnO thin films prepared by RF sputtering

In the present work, ZnO thin films were irradiated with 700?keV Au⁺ ions at different fluence (1?× 10¹³, 1?× 10¹⁴, 2?× 10¹⁴ and 5?× 10¹⁴ ions/cm²). The structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of pristine and irradiated ZnO thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), spectroscopy ellipsometry (SE) and four point probe technique respectively. XRD results showed that the crystallite size decreased from pristine value at the fluence 1?×?10¹³ ions/cm², with further increase of ion fluence the crystallite size also increased due to which the crystallinity of thin films improved. SEM micrographs showed acicular structures appeared on the ZnO thin film surface at high fluence of 5?×?10¹⁴ ions/cm². FTIR showed absorption band splitting due to the growth of ZnO nanostructures. The optical study revealed that the optical band gap of ZnO thin films changed from 3.08?eV (pristine) to 2.94?eV at the high fluence (5?× 10¹⁴ ions/cm²). The electrical resistivity of ZnO thin film decreases with increasing ion fluence. All the results can be attributed to localized heating effect by ions irradiation of thin films and well correlated with each other.     

Vinyl polymerization of norbornene with bispyrazolylimine dinickel(II)/methylaluminoxane catalytic system

The polymerization of norbornene has been investigated in the presence of two novel bispyrazolylimine dinickel(II) complexes bis-2-(C₃HN₂Me₂-3,5)(C(Ph) = N(4-RC₆H₄)Ni₂Br₄ (complex 1, R = H; complex 2, R = OCH₃) activated by methylaluminoxane. The two catalytic systems show high activity (up to 1.83 × 10⁶ gPNBE/(molNi·h)) for norbornene polymerization and provide polynorbornene (PNBE) with higher molecular weights (M _w = 4.44 × 10⁵–11.57 × 10⁵ g/mol) and narrower molecular weight distributions about 2.0. The electron-donating of methoxyl group in complex 2 could enhance the catalytic activity for norbornene polymerization, however, the molecular weights of polymers were decreased. The influences of polymerization parameters such as polymerization temperature, Al/Ni molar ratio, reaction time and catalyst concentration on catalytic activity, and molecular weight of the PNBEs were investigated in detail. The obtained PNBEs were characterized by means of ¹H NMR, FTIR, and thermogravimetric analyses. The analyses results of PNBE indicated that the norbornene polymerization is vinyl-type polymerization rather than ring-opening metathesis polymerization.     

Controlling the dielectric and optical properties of PVA/PEG polymer blend via e-beam irradiation

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) blend films were prepared by the solution casting method. The films were irradiated using 1.5 MeV of the electron beam at varying doses over the range 0–70 kGy to investigate the modifications induced in the dielectric and optical properties. The dielectric constant (ε′) and dielectric loss (ε″) were measured in the temperature range 308–408 K and in the frequency range 30 kHz - 3 MHz. According to the frequency and temperature dependence of ε′; an α- relaxation peaks were observed in all samples and assigned to the micro-Brownian motion of the polymer blend chains. Both ε′ and ε″ showed a decrease with 5 and 10 kGy doses and an increase in the dose rang 10–70 kGy. The temperature dependence of the ac conductivity (σ _ac (T)) shows an Arrhenius type behavior separated into three distinct regions. The frequency dependence of the ac conductivity (σ _ac (f)) indicates that the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) is the most suitable mechanism for conduction. Also, the influence of e-beam irradiation on the absorption coefficient (α), the indirect optical band gap (E _g ) and the refractive index (n) of PVA/PEG copolymer films were investigated. The results of the present system are compared with those of similar materials.     

Absorption Spectra and Bioactivity Behavior of Gamma Irradiated CeO2-Doped Bioglasses

The synthesis and characterization of some bioglasses based on Hench’s Bioglass® 45S5 with additions of CeO₂ (1.0, 2.0, or 3.0%) have been carried out. Two objectives have been focused upon; first, the effect of successive ionizing gamma irradiation on the undoped and CeO₂-doped bioglass samples has been evaluated with the aim of justifying the role of the rare earth oxide CeO₂ on gamma irradiation. The second objective was directed to test the bioactivity of such prepared CeO₂-doped samples after soaking for 1 month in a simulated body fluid at 37 °C. The results indicate that the additions of CeO₂ suppress, to a marked extent, the generation of radiation induced defects especially in the visible region. The bioactivity results show that the studied CeO₂-doped bioglass samples gave rise to a calcium phosphate surface layer upon immersion in a simulated body fluid for 1 month at 37 °C and the bioactivity extent was almost identical in the CeO₂ doping interval limit (1?→?3% CeO₂) to that of the undoped base Hench’s Bioglass. The presence of both Ce³⁺ and Ce⁴⁺ ions were confirmed by optical absorption spectra. Electron spin resonance (ESR) studies of gamma irradiated CeO₂-doped glasses indicate and confirm the dominance of Ce⁴⁺ in the bioglass compositions and its transformation to Ce³⁺ by high gamma irradiation.     

Synthesis,structural, thermal,optical and dielectric properties of chitosan biopolymer; influence of PVP and <Emphasis Type="Italic">α</Emphasis>-Fe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> Nanorods

The present work reports the influence of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and hematite (α-Fe₂O₃) nanorods (NRs) on the physicochemical properties of chitosan (Cs), as an approach to broaden its medical and technological applications. Hematite NRs of 11.4 nm diameter and 87.9 nm crystallite size were prepared by a free-template chemical method. Cs, PVP/Cs and blend loaded with hematite NRs were prepared by solution casting. Significant changes in the films’ surface were clarified using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the interaction between the NRs and the NH₂ and OH functional groups of Cs. DSC measurements showed one endothermic peak assigned to the water elimination, and an exothermic one, in the range 268–287 °C, attributed to the decomposition of saccharine structure in Cs. The swelling properties of the films were sensitive to the pH of the solution. PVP/Cs film showed ~ 85% transmittance in the visible region and its optical band gap narrowed from 5.4 eV to 4.05 eV after loading with 2.0 wt.% hematite. The influence of NRs content on the optical constants of the films is discussed. The dielectric properties depend on the film’ structure. The large Polaron tunneling (LPT) model is the best suitable mechanism for the electric conduction. Due to their high thermal stability and decomposition temperature, transmittance and high conductivity, the prepared films are a candidate for the packaging industry, for use in some medical applications such as treating some chronic wounds, and optical windows and fibers.     

Synthesis,Characterization and Conducting Properties of Nanocomposites of Intercalated 2-Aminophenol with Aniline in Sodium-Montmorillonite

A simple method was used to synthesize poly(2-aminophenol), poly(2-aminophenol-co-Aniline) and polyaniline nanocomposites with sodium-montmorillonite (Na-M) using in situ intercalative oxidative polymerization. Morphology and thermal properties of the synthesized nanocomposites were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermogravimetric analysis. The thermal analysis shows an improved thermal stability of the nanocomposites in comparison with the pure poly(2-aminophenol). The intercalation of polymers into the clay layers was confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies, TEM images and FTIR spectroscopy. In addition, the room temperature conductivity values of these nanocomposites varied between 8.21 × 10^?5 and 6.76 × 10^?4 S cm^?1. The electrochemical behavior of the polymers extracted from the nanocomposites, has been analyzed by cyclic voltammetry. Good electrochemical response has been observed for polymer films; the observed redox processes indicate that the polymerization into Na-M produces electroactive polymers.     

Insights into the physico-chemical behavior of CoCl<Subscript>2</Subscript>/polyimide hybrid materials

Hybrid fluorinated polyimide materials have been obtained by incorporation of various quantities of cobalt(II) chloride (CoCl₂) into polyimide matrix. Polycondensation reaction of equimolar amounts of 4,4′-diamino-3′3′-dimethyldiphenylmethane and 2,2′-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane dianhydride has been carried out to produce in the first stage a polyamidic acid solution in which CoCl₂?×?6H₂O has been placed. Further thermal treatment of this system led to the corresponding imide structure filled with the halide salt. An exhaustive study was directed to the influence of Co²⁺ ions on the modified polyimide behavior as a function of its surroundings. To survey the functional properties of as-obtained Co²⁺-containing polyimide systems, several techniques such as FTIR, UV-vis and broadband dielectric spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric and scanning electron microscopy were employed. A special concern was directed to the study of the optical properties induced by the addition of CoCl₂ into polymer solutions and films. The magnetic response of the polyimide was investigated in correlation with the salt quantity embedded in the PI film. The variation of the real and imaginary parts of the hybrid films’ dielectric permittivity was registered in a broad frequency and temperature range, from 10 to 10⁶ Hz and from ?130 to 230 °C, respectively.     

Annealing-temperature-modulated optical,electrical properties,and leakage current transport mechanism of sol–gel-processed high-k HfAlOx gate dielectrics

Deposition of HfAlO_x gate dielectric films on n-type Si and quartz substrates by sol-gel technique has been performed and the optical, electrical characteristics of the as-deposited HfAlO_x thin films as a function of annealing temperature have been investigated. The optical properties of HfAlO_x thin films related to annealing temperature are investigated by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) and spectroscopy ellipsometry (SE). By measurement of UV–vis, average transmission of all the HfAlO_x samples are about 85% owing to their uniform composition. And the increase in band gap has been observed with the increase of annealing temperature. Moreover, the increase of refractive index (n) and density with the increase of annealing temperature are obtained by SE measurements. Additionally, the electrical properties based on Al/Si/HfAlO_x/Al capacitor are analyzed by means of the high frequency capacitance-voltage (C-V) and the leakage current density-voltage (J-V) characteristics. Results have shown that 400 °C-annealed sample demonstrates good electrical performance, including larger dielectric constant of 12.93 and lower leakage current density of 3.75×10⁻⁷ A/cm² at the gate voltage of 1 V. Additionally, the leakage current conduction mechanisms as functions of annealing temperatures are also discussed systematically.     

Change of the properties of nanostructured MoO3 thin films using gamma-ray irradiation

Thin films of Molybdenum trioxide (MoO₃) were deposited on glass substrates by the spray pyrolysis at 500?°C and the samples were then exposed to gamma γ radiation doses by ⁶⁰Co radioisotope at different doses (0.1, 10 and 50 kGy). The effects of gamma irradiation on the properties of MoO3 thin films were investigated. The XRD pattern and Raman spectroscopy of as-deposited MoO₃ samples show an orthorhombic structure related to α-MoO₃ with (0k0) preferred orientations. Uv‐vis spectra were studied to investigate the transmission measurements of MoO₃ films. The optical energy band gap and Urbach energy were found to be gamma-dose dependent. Photoluminescence measurements at room temperature using 300?nm wavelength excitation were investigated. SEM images indicate the formation of α-MoO₃ nanorods.