大型变压器的油流带电分析及预防

本文通过国内外资料介绍及国内对油流静电的研究情况，阐述了油流带电的基本原理，油流带电的影响因素及产生的条件，简介了我省由油流带电引发的大型变压器故障及事故事例，分析了我省大型变压器的油流静电及运行情况，提出了预防措施。     

变压器油流带电研究进展

介绍了变压器油流带电的定义、危害,国内外关于变压器油流带电的研究情况,研究油流带电问题的主要手段和方法,总结了目前变压器油流带电研究已取得的成果,并指出了存在的问题及今后的研究方向,以期更深入地认识变压器油流带电的机理,找到能抑制油流带电和预防油流静电放电的根本性措施。     

电导率对大型电力变压器油流带电影响的研究

分析了油流带电的产生及危害，利用循环管道模型研究了变压器电导率对大型电力变压器油流带电的影响。其结论为解决大型电力变压器油流带电问题提供了必要的参考依据。     

牵引变压器油流带电现象的分析

油流带电引起的变压器故障越来越受到变压器厂家和电力部门的广泛关注,为了预防油流带电所产生的后果,介绍了油流带电的机理,分析了影响油流带电的主要因素,通过对牵引变压器的油流带电进行研究,采取了一系列有效措施抑制油流带电。研究发现,通过降低油速、在绝缘油中添加电导率可起到良好的抑制作用。此外,改变牵引变压器的设计也可以起到很好的效果,这对于变压器油流带电现象的分析及实际抑制措施研究有工程参考价值。     

循环管道式油流带电模型的研制及应用

在对国内外油流带电模型进行研究比较的基础上，研制了一种循环管道式油流带电模型用于模拟大型强迫油循环电力变压器油道中的电荷分离情况，并进行了常温及加温条件下的流速特性试验，探讨了表征油流带电大小的泄漏电流同油流速及温度的关系，对变压器油流设计及油流带电问题的解决有一定参考价值。     

变压器油的静电性能及变压器油流静电试验方法

本介绍了采用“过滤式”带电度测试装置对国产变压器油的带电度及有关静电带电性能进行试验研究的结果，分析了变压器油流带电过程及静电放电特点。此外，初步试验研究苯并三唑对油中静电的抑制作用及其影响，在此基础上，探讨了检测变压器中油流静电的试验方法。     

圆筒式油流带电模型的研制

在了解和掌握国内外有关油流带电研究现状的基础上，研制出圆筒式油流带电模型，用于模型大型变压器中的油流带电过程，用该装置可对油流带电的特性进行研究。     

变压器油流带电数学模型的研究及其应用 第一部分：数学模型的推导

由油流带电引发的变压器事故或故障引起了各国电力部门的广泛关注，许多国家纷纷开展变压器油流带电的研究，大量的油流带电的机理模型也就应运而生。本文在国外学者提出的流动作用机理和电动作用机理两种机理模型的基础上，推导出变压器油流带电的数学模型，与目前存在的几种典型的油流带电计算模型相比，本模型的特点在于它可综合反映起电的流动作用和电动作用，并可基本反映油流流速、油品电导率、外加交流电场强度和系统温度等因素对油流带电的影响。关于本模型的应用实例及与实验的比较见第二部分。     

大型换流变压器油流带电问题的分析

油流带电可能破坏换流变压器的油道绝缘性能,成为威胁超高压变压器甚至影响电网安全、稳定运行的重要因素之一,在特殊的绝缘结构和油冷却方式下,换流变压器中可能存在较多的油流带电问题。通过分析油流带电的产生机理、影响因素、抑制措施和换流变压器的结构特点,研究了换流变压器的油流带电问题。研究表明,降低油速和改善绝缘(特别是油道)设计是减少油流带电问题的最重要措施。开展全电压空载试验等可检验、监测换流变压器的油流带电问题是否严重,此外,向绝缘油中添加电导率调节剂或电荷抑制剂也可降低油流带电的倾向。     

强迫油冷变压器中的油流带电问题分析

本文介绍了变压器油流带电产生的机理及影响因素，并提出了一些抑制油流带电的措施。     

Relationship between static electrification of transformer oils with turbidity and spectrophotometry measurements

The paper presents the research results on electrostatic charging tendency (ECT) of transformer oil in a spinning disk system. The measurements were performed at different aging severity. Changes in static electrification were related to some classical aging indexes (conductivity, dissipation factor, water content, resistivity, etc.). Fast, inexpensive and reliable laboratory testing procedures developed by ASTM (D 6802 and D 6181) were also used to monitor the decay products as trace impurities. The obtained results show that static electrification currents increase with temperature, oil flow velocity, coating disk material properties and oil’s aging byproducts. The polarity, the amplitude and the time constant of the streaming electrification currents are also affected. This contribution is not only intended to provide a fresh review in this domain of research, but also contains a substantial amount of new material with a view of closing some gaps in the present state of knowledge of transformer oil streaming electrification phenomenon.     

变压器油流带电数学模型的研究及其应用第二部分数学模型的应用

针对变压器绝缘油道的结构特点,本文提取出均匀扁矩形截面的模型油道,进而利用作者提出的变压器油流带电数学模型［１］和本文给出的计算方法研究了这种模型油道中油流带电的流速特性、外电场特性、温度特性和电导率特性,还分析了该系统中因油流带电引起的电场的分布规律。用文献［５］给出的实验油道作为验证模型,对比结果表明,计算值与文献中的实验值基本吻合。     

Static electrification and partial discharges induced by oil flowin power transformers

This paper presents the study of the major parameters on static electrification, using full-scale shell type transformers (570 MVA, 405 kV and 100 MVA, 500 kV). The consequences of static electrification on the dielectric strength and the conditions of partial discharge occurrence also are studied with oil flow rate up to 5 times the nominal value. It shows that the leakage currents are strongly influenced by temperature, applied voltage and oil flow rate Q. The latter is the most influential parameter. The winding leakage current I varies as Qⁿ , where 1⩽n⩽3. The maximum value of I is observed at room temperature (20°C) when the transformer is energized     

大型变压器中油流带电特性的研究

在了解和掌握国内外有关油流带电研究现状的基础上,研制出圆筒式油流带电模型,用于模拟大型变压器中的油流带电过程。用该装置对油流带电的转速特性,温度特性,油流带电的表征参数——泄漏电流与油的电气性能参数之间的关系进行了研究。     

电力变压器中的静电起电

对变压器中绝缘油流动带电现象进行了研究，给出了一些大型变压器运行故障实例，分析了变压器静电起电的原因和条件，介绍了静电起电的监视技术。     

变压器油中局部放电下的油流带电分析

对变压器油漉带电现象进行了研究,分析了油流带电问参数的关系以及影响因素,阐述了油流带电现象产生的原因.     

Increase of static electrification in an aged oil‐immersed transformer

Increase of static electrification activity and discharge generation was experienced during the service operation of an aged power transformer. The transformer oil had high sulfide and sulfoxide contents and was liable to show high ECT value after aging. However, there was no apparent increase in standard ECT (electrostatic charging tendency) measurement of the insulating oil and, therefore, deterioration of pressboard was suspected as the cause of the increase. The ECT tests with aged oil and pressboard sampled from the aged transformer were insufficient to demonstrate the increase in static electrification for the aged transformer. On the other hand, the results suggested a possibility that increase in static electrification can be caused by adsorption of some deterioration compound in the aged oil to the pressboard. In order to make more effective evaluation to the transformer insulation, potential measurement on the pressboard in the oil duct was carried out. The experimental results demonstrated strong increase of the accumulated charge by the aged pressboard, which suggested effectiveness of potential measurement for the assessment of static electrification in transformers. The device of potential measurement for practical use was designed by reducing the necessary amount of oil sampling. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(3): 10–19, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20789