超声改性生物炭对染料废水的吸附特性

以马铃薯秸秆为原料制备生物炭,对其进行超声改性得到改性生物炭。探究了改性生物炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附特性以及pH、投加量和离子含量对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,改性后的生物炭与原生物炭相比,吸附能力有所增强。准2级动力学模型(R~20.99)能更好的拟合动力学数据,颗粒内扩散方程拟合结果进一步表明,改性生物炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附受表面吸附和颗粒内扩散共同控制。Langmiur方程能较好的描述该吸附过程。热力学研究表明,改性生物炭吸附亚甲基蓝是自发、熵增的吸热过程。碱性环境有利于吸附反应的进行,在pH=2～11时,碱性越强,吸附效果越好。生物炭投加量为10 g/L时,对亚甲基蓝的去除率较为理想,离子含量的变化对吸附量无明显影响。     

改性活性炭对亚甲基蓝与Cd~(2+)复合污染物的吸附性能研究

探究改性活性炭对模拟的阳离子染料印染废水亚甲基蓝/Cd⁽²⁺⁾混合溶液的吸附效果及其吸附机理。结果表明,改性活性炭对亚甲基蓝/Cd(2+)混合溶液的吸附效果及其吸附机理。结果表明,改性活性炭对亚甲基蓝/Cd⁽²⁺⁾混合溶液的吸附过程中,亚甲基蓝和Cd(2+)混合溶液的吸附过程中,亚甲基蓝和Cd⁽²⁺⁾存在竞争吸附与静电排斥作用,造成改性活性炭对Cd(2+)存在竞争吸附与静电排斥作用,造成改性活性炭对Cd⁽²⁺⁾的吸附性能降低。改性活性炭对模拟的阳离子染料溶液中两种污染物的吸附符合Langmuir模型,吸附动力学属于准二级动力学模型。对亚甲基蓝和Cd(2+)的吸附性能降低。改性活性炭对模拟的阳离子染料溶液中两种污染物的吸附符合Langmuir模型,吸附动力学属于准二级动力学模型。对亚甲基蓝和Cd⁽²⁺⁾的吸附分别为物理吸附和物理与化学吸附共同作用的单分子层吸附。     

高铝粉煤灰基NaP1型沸石/水合金属氧化物的制备及其对亚甲基蓝的吸附

以高铝粉煤灰为原料,通过水热法制备沸石,然后在室温下,采用沉淀法在其表面负载水合金属氧化物,分别得到了沸石/水合氧化锆和沸石/水合氧化铁.通过XRD、SEM、BET对吸附剂进行表征,并对沸石及负载型沸石吸附亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学和吸附等温线进行研究.结果 表明,粉煤灰基沸石为NaP1型,比表面积为50.88 m2/g,平均孔径为8.01 nm.沸石及负载型沸石吸附亚甲基蓝过程均符合准二级动力学模型,以化学吸附为速率控制步骤,吸附等温线均更符合Langmuir方程.其中,沸石/水合氧化铁的理论饱和吸附量高达185 mg/g,并且在无需调节溶液的pH值条件下,再生后的样品对亚甲基蓝的去除率仍然达到90％以上.因此,高铝粉煤灰基沸石原位负载水合金属氧化物材料是一种新型高效、绿色环保的吸附剂.     

磷酸改性秸秆基活性炭的吸附性能研究

通过磷酸改性处理活性炭,考察改性前后活性炭对亚甲基蓝吸附量的变化。关于活性炭对亚甲基蓝吸附行为的描述采用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温线模型。进一步研究了活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学性质。试验改变因素包括吸附时间、吸附温度、亚甲基蓝溶液体积和活性炭投加量,探究这些因素对亚甲基蓝去除的影响。结果表明:质量分数为60%磷酸改性活性炭在吸附时间30 min、亚甲基蓝溶液体积40 m L、活性炭投加量0. 4 g、温度70℃时对亚甲基蓝的清除率最好。Langmuir等温模型能更好地拟合试验结果。活性炭吸附亚甲基蓝的动力学曲线更符合准二级动力学模型。研究表明磷酸改性的秸秆基活性炭对亚甲基蓝具有较好的吸附效果。     

斜发沸石对NH_4~+-N的吸附解吸及其改性方式研究

通过实验研究了斜发沸石对模拟废水中氨氮的吸附解吸特性及其改性方式。结果表明,采用Langmuir模型更利于描述斜发沸石对氨氮的吸附行为(R~2=0.9991),最大吸附量为5.96 mg/g;沸石吸附呈现"快速吸附,缓慢平衡",其过程符合准二级吸附动力学方程(R~2=0.9992)。沸石吸附越接近饱和越利于解吸,在0.1 mol/L的盐酸溶液中解吸率高达54%。盐改性更利于提高沸石对氨氮的去除,沸石在0.1 mol/L的NaCl溶液中改性2 h后,其对NH_4~+-N的去除率达83.3%,是天然沸石的1.32倍。     

氨基改性的MCM-41吸附水溶液中亚甲基蓝的研究

用3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷对MCM-41进行改性,得到MCM-41-NH2吸附剂,用X射线衍射(XRD)、氮气吸附脱附、透射电镜(TEM)和红外光谱对其进行表征。并将其用于去除水溶液中亚甲基蓝(MB)的吸附研究,探讨了吸附剂量、溶液p H、温度和接触时间对亚甲基蓝吸附的影响。结果表明,MCM-41-NH2对亚甲基蓝的吸附是一个吸热过程。吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学模型。     

化学师范专业活性炭吸附亚甲基蓝综合实验

为提高化学(师范)专业学生的综合实验能力,设计了"活性炭吸附亚甲基蓝"物理化学综合实验.以活性炭为吸附剂,亚甲基蓝( MB) 为吸附质,考察了吸附剂用量、吸附时间、 温度对活性炭去除亚甲基蓝的影响.探讨了水溶液中活性炭固体颗粒吸附阳离子有机染料亚甲基蓝的吸附热力学(吸附等温线类型)、吸附动力学方程和盐酸脱附条件.结果表明,活性炭对亚甲基蓝染料的热力学吸附行为符合 Langmuir 等温吸附方程,其动力学吸附行为符合准一级动力学方程.选择1:1浓盐酸未能有效的将吸附的亚甲基蓝脱附.     

改性介孔氧化硅对亚甲基蓝吸附性能的影响

通过水热合成方法制备介孔氧化硅(SiO_2),运用氧化石墨烯(GO)对其改性,将所制备的样品应用在亚甲基蓝(MB)的吸附上,考查了酸碱度、温度、溶液浓度及吸附时间、吸附剂用量等因素对吸附过程的影响。结果表明该复合材料显示了对亚甲基蓝良好的吸附性能,溶液pH值、吸附剂量和温度对吸附有一定影响;对亚甲基蓝的吸附是一个准二级动力学过程;其吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型。     

烟秆碳化材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

为探索废弃烟秆改性后得到的烟秆碳化材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能,研究了pH、烟秆碳化材料投加量、反应时间和亚甲基蓝初始浓度对烟秆碳化材料吸附性能的影响,分析了吸附动力学和热力学以及烟秆碳化材料的形态特征.结果表明,烟秆碳化材料吸附亚甲基蓝的最佳条件为:pH 6,吸附剂投加量2 g/L.对于100～400 mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液,吸附平衡时间为60～360 min.烟秆碳化材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附符合拟二级动力学模型和Langmuir模型,说明吸附过程是单层吸附,最大吸附量为636.9 mg/g.     

沸石吸附微污染水源水中氨氮的研究

研究沸石吸附微污染水源水中氨氮的吸附效能。采用预处理的60~75目浙江缙云天然沸石和改性沸石吸附微污染水源水中的氨氮,通过等温吸附试验、吸附热力学试验、吸附动力学试验以及颗粒内扩散试验,比较了解天然沸石和改性沸石对氨氮的吸附性能。试验结果表明,天然沸石和改性沸石对氨氮的吸附过程均符合Freundlich等温方程;天然沸石和改性沸石吸附氨氮的反应均是自发进行的熵减型反应,吸附氨氮的过程是放热过程;天然沸石和改性沸石的准二级动力学方程的R~2分别为0.996 8、0.999 3,相关性高于准一级动力学方程,因此用Lagergren准二级动力学模型可以更好的描述天然沸石和改性沸石吸附氨氮的动力学过程;天然沸石和改性沸石吸附氨氮是一个多步骤控制的过程。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.