低品位氧化锌矿氨-碳酸氢铵浸出制备氧化锌工艺的研究

采用氨-碳酸氢铵溶液从低品位氧化锌矿中浸出制备氧化锌。研究结果表明,在氨水浓度7mol/L、碳酸氢铵浓度0.62mol/L、浸出温度50℃、氧化锌矿粉粒度为177μm、液固比5:1、浸出时间3h的条件下,锌一段浸出率为87.2%,经过二段浸出,锌总收率可提高至95.9%;浸出液采用足量锌粉还原除杂后,净化液中铜为0.51mg/L,铬为0.18mg/L,铅可降至0.10mg/L以下;净化液经过蒸氨和焙烧制得的氧化锌含量为99.53%(以氧化锌计)。该方法具有工艺简单、能耗低、浸出率较高、浸出过程对环境较友好等优点。     

某钢厂烟尘灰中锌的酸性浸出试验研究

以唐山含锌烟尘灰为原料,采用酸浸工艺从烟尘灰中分离回收锌,并考察了硫酸用量、浸出温度、浸出时间和液固比对锌的浸出率的影响,得出了最佳的工艺条件:硫酸用量为45%,浸出温度为室温(20℃),滴加时间为0.5 h,浸出时间为2 h,液固比为2∶1,锌的浸出率高达91.06%。     

某钢厂烟尘灰中锌的酸性浸出试验研究

以唐山含锌烟尘灰为原料,采用酸浸工艺从烟尘灰中分离回收锌,并考察了硫酸用量、浸出温度、浸出时间和液固比对锌的浸出率的影响,得出了最佳的工艺条件:硫酸用量为45%,浸出温度为室温(20℃),滴加时间为0.5 h,浸出时间为2 h,液固比为2∶1,锌的浸出率高达91.06%。     

低品位钼镍焙烧矿常压同时浸出钼镍的工艺研究

以低品位的钼镍矿石为原料与CaO混合高温焙烧,所得焙烧矿采用常压氨-碳铵浸出,对同时浸出镍和钼的工艺条件进行了研究。探讨了温度、液固比、浸出时间、碳酸铵的用量等因素对钼和镍浸出率的影响。结果表明,在浸出温度45℃,液固比4∶1(mL/g),浸出时间24h,碳酸铵用量w((NH4)2CO3)∶w(焙烧矿)=0.3的最佳浸出条件下,钼和镍的浸出率分别为94.0%和90.1%。     

沉淀转化法回收酸浸渣中铅的酸溶工艺研究

以金精矿焙烧-酸浸除杂后的酸浸渣与碳酸氢铵反应生成的转化渣为原料,进行酸溶浸铅工艺研究。通过正交实验考察了液固质量比、浸出pH和浸出时间等因素对铅浸出率的影响,得到最佳工艺条件：浸出液固质量比为2∶1、浸出液pH=0.5、浸出时间为2 h。在此条件下,金属铅浸出率可达83%。     

Cu~(2+)催化氧化氨浸法从含银电镀污泥中浸取银

为了从含银电镀污泥中提取银,比较了不同氧化剂的氧化氨浸效果,选择了Cu~(2+)催化氧化氨浸法从电镀银泥中浸取银。在氨水浓度为10%、液固比为5∶1、五水硫酸铜用量为50 kg/t、浸出时间为1 h的条件下,经过四次独立浸出,总浸出率为97.1%,比常规氨浸的89%提高了8.1个百分点,残渣银品位由常规氨浸的3400 g/t降低到871 g/t。     

混合铜矿的高压氨浸工艺

对新疆某地混合铜矿采用高压氨浸工艺, 考了NH3·H2O浓度、NH4+盐用量、氧压、浸出温度、浸出时间及固液比等因素对浸出过程的影响. 结果表明, 在适宜的工艺条件下,铜浸出率可达98%以上.     

沉淀转化法综合回收酸浸渣中铅的工艺研究

通过沉淀转化法对氰化提金工艺酸浸渣中低品位铅进行了综合回收。介绍了回收工艺流程,通过正交实验考察了酸浸渣采用碳酸氢铵转化过程中液固比、碳酸氢铵用量、转化时间等因素对铅转化率的影响,确定了转化反应的最佳条件为：转化液固质量比为2.0、碳酸氢铵用量为30 g、转化时间为2.0 h。在最佳条件下反应,铅转化率可达97%。     

从铅冰铜渣中绿色浸铜工艺研究

在常压低温条件下,采用双氧水作为氧化剂,硫酸作为浸出剂,从铅冰铜渣中绿色浸出铜。研究结果:在浸出温度100℃、浸出时间2~3 h、硫酸用量0.5 m L/g、液固比10∶1、双氧水用量4.0 m L/g的工艺条件下,铅冰铜中铜浸出率可达92%。浸出液中铁含量为0.95 g/L,砷含量为0.67 g/L;而浸出渣中铜含量低于1.5%,硫则以单质的形式富集于渣中。该绿色浸出工艺可实现铅冰铜渣中有价金属的分离提取。     

铜烟尘碱浸渣硫酸浸出锌铜试验研究

对Na OH浸出铜烟尘后得到的渣进行硫酸浸出锌、铜试验研究,最终得到硫酸浸出优化条件为:初始硫酸质量浓度170 g/L、液固比4∶1 m L/g、浸出时间3 h、搅拌转速400 r/min、温度90℃,锌浸出率为:95.45%,铜浸出率为96.72%。通过试验研究,为下步进行综合回收铜烟尘中锌、铜、铅、铋、锡等有价金属提供基础。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。