酸改性膨润土对[BMIM]CI离子液体的吸附

利用酸改性膨润土对低浓度[BMIM]Cl离子液体水溶液的吸附性能进行研究,考察了吸附温度、吸附时间、溶液pH值等吸附条件对离子液体的吸附率的影响.结果表明,酸改性膨润土对[BMIM]Cl的阳离子具有良好的吸附作用.在中性溶液中,酸改性膨润土对离子液体具有最大的吸附率.酸改性膨润土对离子液体的吸附过程是放热过程且属于Langmuir等温吸附,同时,得到膨润土上离子液体吸附的Langmuir等温方程且相关系数大于0.99.     

［Bmim］Cl离子液体中微波辐射加热促进稻草秸秆酸水解制备还原糖

以［Bmim］Cl离子液体为介质,研究了微波辐射加热对硫酸催化稻草秸秆水解的促进作用,并对水解产物中的还原糖进行了测定。着重考察了［Bmim］Cl离子液体用量、硫酸浓度、反应温度和反应时间等因素对还原糖收率的影响,并采用正交试验法对微波辐射下稻草酸水解条件进行了优化。结果表明,在［Bmim］Cl离子液体介质中,用微波辐射加热促进稻草酸水解制备还原糖的最佳条件是：［Bmim］Cl用量10.0ml,硫酸浓度10.0%,微波加热温度85℃,反应时间60 min。在此条件下还原糖的收率可达到23. 22%,而常规酸水解得到的还原糖收率仅为18.74%。通过显微镜和红外光谱对水解残余物与稻草原料进行分析后发现：水解后的稻草残渣变细、变薄,并且与稻草原料的结构基本一致,保留了较好的纤维素特征。     

［EMIM］Br-AlCl3离子液体的合成

采用N-甲基咪唑、溴乙烷、AlCl₃常规回流法以及微波法合成离子液体,研究［EMIM］Br中间体的产率;采用量子化学方法计算离子液体结构,明确合成反应的机理;通过紫外光谱和红外光谱表征［EMIM］Br-AlCl₃离子液体的结构;测试离子液体的密度、电导率等性质。结果表明：常规回流法以N-甲基咪唑和溴乙烷为原料,在70℃温度下反应5 h,反应产率为87.9%;微波法反应时间1000 s,产率为94.2%;40℃下密度为1.46 g·cm^-3,电导率为21 S·m^-1;用DFT B3LYP 量子化学计算方法研究离子液体的构型,离子液体的合成反应遵循SN2反应机理;紫外光谱和红外光谱表征了［EMIM］Br和AlCl₃/［EMIM］Br离子液体的结构。     

酸改性膨润土对含铅废水的吸附性能研究

以硫酸为改性剂,对钙基膨润土进行活化改性,考察了改性剂用量、改性膨润土加入量、吸附时间以及pH值等因素对改性膨润土去除模拟水样中重金属离子Ph^2＋的影响。结果表明,用体积浓度为20％的硫酸溶液改性后的膨润土的除铅效果最好,在常温下,当改性膨润土用量为15g／L,吸附时间为30min,pH值为6-9时废水中铅的去除率最大,超过99.5％,处理后铅的剩余浓度小于1mg/L,达到国家第一类污染物排放标准。     

改性沸石和膨润土对氟离子吸附性能研究

选用高温焙烧、硫酸、硫酸镁改性天然沸石和膨润土,考察了3种改性方法对沸石和膨润土吸附氟离子性能的影响。实验结果表明,高温焙烧、硫酸改性和硫酸镁改性均提高了沸石和膨润土对氟离子的吸附能力。改性沸石对氟离子的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模型;硫酸改性、硫酸镁改性膨润土对氟离子的吸附可用Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型描述,高温焙烧改性膨润土对氟离子的吸附则符合Freundlich模型。     

胡敏酸改性膨润土同时吸附铜离子和2,4-二氯苯酚

从腐殖酸中提取胡敏酸用于改性膨润土,并研究改性膨润土对铜离子和2,4-二氯苯酚混合液的吸附性能。实验结果表明:吸附剂量为4g/L时,在室温和pH值为4～6的条件下,对100mg/L的混合液吸附60min后效果最好。改性土对铜离子最高吸附量达到23mg/g,对2,4-二氯苯酚的最大吸附量达到16mg/g。吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温方程以及伪二级动力学模式。     

改性膨润土对污水中镉离子的吸附去除效率

采用内蒙赤峰膨润土进行焙烧改性,考查了改性膨润土对水溶液中Cd^2＋的吸附性能。试验表明：钙基膨润土经450℃焙烧2．5h后,在pH值=5,吸附时间为25min时,对金属Cd^2＋离子的饱和吸附效率达83％;焙烧前后XRD分析显示膨润土保持了完善的层间结构和化学结构。     

有机改性膨润土对镉离子及苯酚的吸附性能研究

膨润土是一种广泛存在的自然资源,其价格低廉,比表面积大,具有良好的膨胀性、可塑性、粘结性和阳离子交换性能,是处理废水的理想材料。实验用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、聚丙烯酰胺对膨润土进行复合改性,并研究其对镉离子和苯酚的吸附作用。结果表明,有机改性膨润土对镉离子的吸附率可达97%以上,对苯酚的吸附率可达76%以上。     

改性膨润土吸附重金属离子的研究与应用进展

膨润土具有很强的吸附能力,通过对膨润土进行改性,可提高其对重金属离子的去除能力.国内外学者对改性膨润土用于含重金属离子污水的处理进行了广泛的研究.概述了膨润土改性制备方法和表征手段,讨论了影响改性膨润土吸附重金属离子的主要因素.对近年来国内外改性膨润土吸附水体中铬、镉、汞、铅、镍等重金属离子的应用研究进行了综述,并指出了改性膨润土用于重金属废水处理存在的问题和今后的研究方向.     

改性膨润土对磷吸附的研究

近年来,随着国家经济发展,国家环境问题越来越突出,其中水体富营养化问题至2007年太湖蓝藻爆发后便得到广大关注,而磷是水体富营养化的限制因子,因此除磷便成社会科学研究的热点,国内外对除磷的研究新型技术层出不穷。本文以膨润土作为除磷剂来探究改性的最佳方式,实验发现,膨润土具备一定的除磷能力,经过氯化钙改性后的膨润土能提高去除率10%左右,而此种改性方式在处理受磷污染的生活污水及湖泊水时更为突出,具有较强的适应不同类型污水的能力,能有效的去除水体中磷,起到净化水质的效果。     

[bmim]Cl/FeCl3离子液体的表征

本文利用^1HNMR、FT-IR、FAB(Fast Atom Bornbardment)、Baman光谱分析方法表征了[bmim]Cl／FeCl3离子液体,结果表明：酸性离子液体中,阴离子主要形式是FeCl4^-、Fe2Cl7^-;碱性离子液体中,阴离子主要是Gl^-、FeCl4^-,并且三者之间存在着平衡。根据分析结果及化学软件的计算,可以推断,阴离子分布在阳离子的两边,即在[bmim]平面的两边,根据能量最低原理,Gl^-与FeCl4^-或Fe2Cl7^-离子只能连接在靠近甲基一侧,此时,分子能量最低,结构最稳定。     

离子液体[BMIM]Cl处理汽爆活化玉米秸秆及酶解

为了提高玉米秸秆酶解还原糖产率,利用蒸汽爆破法活化玉米秸秆原料,并利用离子液体[BMIM]Cl进行处理,考察了汽爆压力和维压时间对处理后物料酶解还原糖产率的影响。结果表明,汽爆压力2.6 MPa,维压时间90 s下汽爆活化秸秆原料,[BMIM]Cl处理后,酶解24 h后还原糖产率较汽爆活化后物料提高了84.03%,较原料提高了286.83%。秸秆化学组分分析表明,[BMIM]Cl处理后物料纤维素质量分数增加了64.86%,X射线衍射(XRD)与扫描电镜(SEM)分析表明,其晶形结构转变为无定形结构,更有利于纤维素酶与底物作用。说明汽爆活化[BMIM]Cl处理能显著提高玉米秸秆的酶解还原糖产率。     

咪唑类离子液体的合成与表征

采用溴丁烷与N-甲基咪唑为原料合成了中间体溴化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑，并通过离子交换反应制备离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐以及1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟鹏酸盐。产物结构经FT-IR和1^HNMR确认，其纯度通过HPLC分析均达到99．0％以上。     

New organic-inorganic crystalline electrolytes synthesized from 12-phosphotungstic acid and the ionic liquid [BMIM][TFSI]

New organic-inorganic hybrid crystalline electrolytes comprised of 12-phosphotungstic acid (PWA) and the ionic liquid [1-butyl-3-methylimidazole][bis-(fluoromethanesulfonyl)amide] ([BMIM][TFSI]) with high thermal stability and high ion conductivity at high temperatures were obtained. In the new hybrids, there was a strong interaction between [BMIM]⁺ of the ionic liquid and PWA. The hybrids were very stable up to about 400 °C and showed a high ion jump during heating and cooling processes. Based on results from TG-DTA, DSC, and NMR spectroscopy, the ion jump was due to melting and solidification of the hybrid. The structures of powder and single-crystal samples of the hybrids were also studied. The chemical formula of the hybrid in the single crystal was determined to be PW₁₃C₃₂H₅₆O₅₄N₈S_0.16F_0.26. This is nearly the same as those determined from the powder samples. By analyzing single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) data, the hybrid was determined to crystallize in the space group Pca2₁ with the lattice constants a = 18.316(3), b = 18.327(3), and c = 16.657(3) Å. The powder XRD data of the hybrid were assigned.     

[bmim]Cl/[FeCl_3] Ionic Liquid as Catalyst for Alkylation of Benzenewith 1-Octadecene

1 INTRODUCTION Linear alkylbenzenes (LAB), important interme- diates in the detergent industry, have usually been manufactured by alkylation of benzene with C10 14 olefins in the presence of HF or AlCl3 catalyst. It is known that HF or AlCl3, to some extent, is hazardous to the environment. Therefore, the HF or AlCl3 proc- ess is a typical example of a “non-green” process be- cause of cooling and separation problems, high oper- ating costs and safety aspects. Many efforts have bee…     

离子液体[Amim]Cl中3-溴-4-羟基苯甲醛的水解反应研究

研究了3-溴-4-羟基苯甲醛在离子液体氯化烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑([Amim]Cl)中的水解反应,考察了反应温度、反应时间以及氢氧化钠、[Amim]Cl和催化剂的用量等对水解反应的影响,确定了水解反应的优化条件为:反应温度100℃,反应时间2h,催化剂用量为6.4g/mol反应物,[Amim]Cl用量为1.2L/mol反应物,氢氧化钠用量为2mol/mol反应物,水解反应产率83.6%,产品纯度达99.4%。离子液体[Amim]Cl回收简单,可以重复使用10次。     

Effects of plasticization conditions on the structures and properties of cellulose packaging films from ionic liquid [BMIM]Cl

By using natural softwood pulp with higher degree of polymerization (DP = 1460) as cellulose source, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) ionic liquid as solvent and glycerol as plasticizer, a novel cellulose packaging film was prepared. The effects of plasticization conditions on the structures, mechanical properties, permeability for oxygen and water vapor were measured by Wide-angle X-ray scattering, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and other techniques. The investigations suggested that the glycerol concentration and plasticizing time had great effect on the properties of the regenerated cellulose films. The crystal transformation of cellulose I to cellulose II occurred during the dissolution and regeneration process, combining with the decrease of thermal stability. The tensile strength decreased rapidly with the addition of glycerol and prolongation of plasticizing time. However, elongation at break of the regenerated cellulose films increased at first and then decreased with increasing of glycerol concentration and plasticizing time. The morphologies for the fracture surface obtained from SEM images showed transformation of typical brittle fracture to plastic deformation with increasing of glycerol concentrations. It was also found that both water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability of the regenerated cellulose films decreased slowly with increasing of glycerol concentrations and plasticizing time, but water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability presented an almost opposite trend. The films prepared by using ionic liquid technology would be used in food packaging or other fields as a kind of green packaging material. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

[BMIM]Cl/AlCl3离子液体低温电沉积铝过程

采用玻碳/铂为惰性阳极,以1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([BMIM]Cl/AlCl₃)离子液体体系为电解液,研究了离子液体电解铝工艺,优化了电解工艺条件,探讨了电解影响因素。结果表明,当电解液[BMIM]Cl∶AlCl₃摩尔比为1∶2.00时,随着温度的升高,铝的沉积槽电压逐渐减小,电流密度增加,但电解液的稳定性减弱,当温度达到90℃时,电解液分解明显。当电解温度一定时,随着[BMIM]Cl∶AlCl₃摩尔比的增加[(1∶1.25)~(1∶2.00)],电流密度增加。通过赫尔槽实验,SEM、XRD分析了电解铝的沉积形貌和晶相结构。随电流密度的逐渐减小,沉积层变薄,晶相结构变化不大;相同电流密度区随温度的升高,沉积层逐渐变得粗糙。计算了不同槽间距下的槽压与电流密度的关系。     

New Alkylation Route of Benzene with Ethylene Catalyzed by [bmim]Cl/FeCl_3 Ionic Liquid

Up to now the mechanism of Friedel-Crafts reactions catalyzed by ionic liquid have not been fully understood, while carbocation mechanism was assumed. It was found that the source of H and the route of reaction initiated the alkylation of benzene with ethylene catalyzed by [bmim]Cl/FeCl3 ionic liquid. The fact that dewatered ionic liquids have catalytic activity for the alkylation of benzene with ethylene suggests that there exists a new catalytic route. The distinctly Bronsted acid properties of 2-H in [bmim]Cl were found through FT-IR and HNMR