Effects of Direct Current Bias-Drifting on Radio on Fiber Link

The effects of direct current (dc) bias-drifting on radio on fiber (RoF) links are quantitative investigated and simulated. Single sideband (SSB) modulation and carrier suppressed double sideband (CS-DSB) modulation RoF links are considered, power variation of targeted signal and harmonic suppression on account for bias-drifting are calculated and evaluated. Our results suggest that power variation can be maintained within 1.1 dB with dc bias drift ε less than 5% in the SSB modulation RoF link and the degradation of harmonic suppression is evident with ε exceed 2% in the CS-DSB modulation RoF link.     

一种载边比可调单边带全双工光载无线系统

理论分析了一种基于双平行马赫曾德尔调制器(MZM)的2倍频光单边带调制方案,仿真研究了基于该方案的载波重用全双工光载无线(RoF)通信系统性能.合理设置射频驱动信号相移及双平行MZM主调制器偏置电压产生单边带信号,再调整调制指数以实现光载边比ROCS的连续可调谐.讨论了射频信号相移、主调制器偏置电压、双平行MZM消光比...     

基于单MZM和FBG的10倍频抑制载波RoF系统

为优化光载无线通信系统(RoF)结构,提出了一种基于单马赫曾德尔外调制器(MZM)和光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)的10倍频抑制载波RoF系统实现方案。通过设置射频驱动信号幅度和MZM偏置电压抑制主载波和偶数阶边带,结合FBG滤波功能,最终实现10倍频RoF毫米波信号。理论推导了10倍频毫米波信号实现机理,优化了FBG带宽及反射率,实验结果表明该新型RoF系统传输20 km后功率代价为1.66 dB。     

Impact of Nonlinear Transfer Function and Imperfect Splitting Ratio of MZM on Optical Up-Conversion Employing Double Sideband With Carrier Suppression Modulation

Generation of optical millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signal using a Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) based on double-sideband (DSB), single-sideband (SSB), and double-sideband with carrier suppression (DSBCS) modulation schemes have been demonstrated for various applications, such as broadband wireless signals or optical up-conversion for wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) radio-over-fiber (RoF) network, wideband surveillance, spread spectrum, and software-defined radio. Among these schemes, DSBCS modulation offers the best receiver sensitivity, lowest spectral occupancy, the least stringent requirement of electrical bandwidth, and the smallest receiving power penalty after long transmission distance. Nonetheless, the inherent nonlinear E/O (electrical/optical) conversion response of a MZM is such that the signal quality of the optical mm-wave suffers. Fabrication tolerances make a balanced 50/50 splitting ratio of the MZM's y-splitter particularly difficult to achieve. As a result, imbalanced MZMs have a finite extinction ratio (ER) and degrade the optical carrier suppression ratio (OCSR) using DSBCS modulation. In this paper, the effect of the MZM nonlinearity and imbalanced y-splitter on optical mm-wave generation by DSBCS modulation is theoretically and experimentally investigated. A novel approach with better performance and greater cost-effectiveness than dual-electrode MZM (DD-MZM) is presented to realize a DSBCS modulation scheme based on a single-electrode MZM (SD-MZM).      

Sideband characteristic analysis of millimeter-wave generation based on optical carrier suppression

In this paper, we analyze the sideband performance of millimeter-wave (mm-wave) generated by the optical carrier suppression (OCS) method. Through adjusting the direct current (DC) bias of the Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM), we study the output optical signal powers at different orders bands, and the DC bias tolerance while the value of the carrier suppression ratio is not lower than 10 dB. The separated right sideband is modulated by 5 Gbit/s data, and then combined with the left sideband. The generated millimeter wave optical signal is transmitted over 20 km standard single mode fiber (SMF), and the received power penalty is only 0.28 dB.     

基于FBG和偏振复用的8倍频全双工RoF系统

为简化光载无线通信系统(RoF)中心站(CS)和基站(BS)结构,提出了一种基于光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)和偏振复用技术的8倍频全双工RoF系统方案。通过设置马赫-曾德尔调制器(MZM)偏置电压和射频驱动信号幅度保留部分主载波与偶数阶边带,再利用FBG将主载波与偶数阶边带分离。结合偏振复用技术将主载波和偶数阶边带复用到X和Y两个偏振方向上,其中抑制载波偶数阶边带用于下行链路数据传输,而主载波在BS站作为上行链路载波使用。理论推导了实现机理并进行了实验验证,结果表明当使用10 GHz射频驱动时可实现稳定的80 GHz光载毫米波信号,传输20 km后下行链路和上行链路功率代价仅为0.1和0.07 dB,表现出了较好的系统性能。     

面向宽带接入与泛在感知应用的基于双波长的线性化光载无线链路

Radio-over-Fiber ( RoF ) technologies have been considered to be a promising solution to broadband access and ubiquitous sensing. We present a novel approach using dual-wavelength lights to suppress the nonlinear intermodulation distortion in intensity-modulated RoF link both theoretically and experimentally. The system we proposed mainly consists of two Laser Diodes (LDs ) at different wavelengths, a commercial available Mach-Zehnder Modulator (MZM) and a Photo Detector (PD). More than 25 dB suppression of the Third-order Intermodulation Distortion (IMD3) is achieved by adjusting the wavelength and optical power of the laser. Besides , the output of the MZM is then sent to the photodetector via a single fiber, which simplifies the system complexity for distribution of RF signals over long distances .     

Generation of frequency-doubling mm-wave signal using a Mach–Zehnder modulator with three arms to overcome fiber chromatic dispersion

We propose a novel method to generate optical frequency-doubling mm-wave signal by using a three-arm Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) for radio-over-fiber (RoF) systems. Since the optical carrier and its two 2nd-order sidebands are dominant, the 2nd-order harmonic in the photocurrent gets maximal. When the optical mm-wave signal is transmitted in standard single-mode fiber (SSMF), there is no time shift of code edges because the data signal is only carried by the optical carrier. The 2nd-order harmonic in the photocurrent consists of two beating products, so it experiences a periodical fading effect when the optical mm-wave signal is transmitted in SSMF. However, if a proper direct-current (DC) bias is applied to the data modulation arm in the MZM architecture to adjust the position of the fading nodes, the degradation on the photocurrent can be avoided. A RoF link is built based on the novel scheme by simulation, and the transmission performance of the proposed scheme is presented. The eye diagram still keeps open and clear even after 40 km transmission. Simulation results prove our theoretical analysis.     

基于相位调制器产生光毫米波的全双工光纤无线通信系统

提出并实验研究了一种基于相位调制器产生光毫米波信号的全双工光纤无线通信(RoF)系统。在中心站采用相位调制器结合滤波的方法产生重复频率为40GHz的载波抑制双边带毫米波信号,利用交叉复用器分离开毫米波信号的上下边带,其中的一个边带强度调制数据速率为2.5Gbit/s的下行基带信号,另一个边带被发送到基站调制上行传输的基带数据。该系统抗色散效果好,在经过40km标准单模光纤上/下行传输数据速率2.5Gbit/s的基带信号后,双向的传输功率代价都小于0.5dBm。在光纤无线通信系统中采用相位调制器结合滤波的方法产生光毫米波,同时基于波长重用技术再生上行光载波信号,可以简化中心站和基站配置,节约系统成本。     

Analysis of CNR penalty of radio-over-fiber systems including the effects of phase noise from laser and RF oscillator

The effect of phase noises from a laser and an oscillator on radio-over-fiber (RoF) systems is analyzed and discussed with a power spectral density (PSD) function. A Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) and a phase shifter are employed to externally generate an optical single sideband (OSSB) signal since the OSSB signal is tolerable for power degradation due to a chromatic fiber-dispersion effect. It is shown that a carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) penalty is deeply related to the bandwidth of a receiver filter and the phase noise from a radio frequency (RF) signal oscillator rather than that from a laser in a small differential-delay environment and a direct detection scheme. The CNR penalty due to the increment of the laser linewidth from 10 to 624 MHz is almost 1.1 dB, while the increase of the RF-oscillator linewidth from 1 to 100 Hz results in about a 20-dB penalty at a 30-GHz 10-km transmission in a standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) with a fiber chromatic dispersion of 17 ps/km/spl middot/nm.     

一种基于DPMZM的16倍频光生毫米波方案

为提高光载无线(RoF)中光生毫米波的倍频系数及降低系统的复杂度,提出了一种基于双平行马赫曾德尔调制器(Dual-Parallel Mach-Zehnder Modulator, DPMZM)和偏振复用技术的抑制载波的16倍频毫米波信号产生方案。推导了理想情况下倍频方案的产生机理。在仿真实验中,分别分析了调制器调制指数、消光比、电移相器相移、偏振器件角度漂移等非理想因素对系统光边带抑制比(OSSR)和射频杂散抑制比(RFSSR)的影响。结果显示,当合理设置各参数的取值范围,其对应的OSSR和RFSSR的饱和值高达29.88 dB和23.9 dB。该方案在一定程度上简化了16倍频的系统模型且生成的毫米波信号性能较为高效、频谱纯度较好,对实际系统设计具有一定的参考价值,为微波光子学的发展提供了新途径。     

A simplified optical millimeter-wave generation scheme based on frequency-quadrupling

This paper analyzes and demonstrates a simplified frequency quadrupling configuration for optical millimeter-wave(mm-wave)generation,in which the electrical phase shifter and optical filter are omitted.Theoretical analysis is given to reach the optimum operating conditions including direct current(DC)bias voltage,optical transmission point of the dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator(MZM)bias voltage,optical transmission point of the dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator(DP-MZM),amplitude of the radio frequency(RF)driving signal and the impact of the extinction ratio(EF)on the optical sideband suppression ratio(OSSR)and radio frequency spurious suppression ratio(RFSSR).Experiments prove an OSSR of 15 dB and an RFSSR of 26 dB for the new frequency quadrupling scheme at 6 GHz,8 GHz and 10 GHz of RF driving signal without any electrical phase shifter or optical filter.This system exhibits the advantage of low wavelength dependence and large frequency tunable range.     

Multi-tap microwave photonic filter with positive and negative coefficients based on an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder modulator

A novel approach for the implementation of microwave photonic filter with positive and negative coefficients based on an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder modulator(MZM) is proposed.In the proposed filter,a microwave signal to be filtered is applied to an unbalanced MZM.Thanks to the unbalance between the two arms of the modulator,a π phase shift is obtained by adjusting the wavelength interval between the adjacent wavelengths,which leads to the generation of the positive and negative coefficients.The theoretical fundamentals of the design are described,which show that the required unbalanced MZM in the scheme can be well fabricated by the current technology,and the required other components,including the wavelength multiplexer,are also commercially available devices.An eight-tap microwave photonic filter with positive and negative coefficients is demonstrated.The tunability and reconfigurability of the eight-tap microwave photonic filter are also investigated to verify our approach.     

基于强度调制和布里渊效应的六倍频可调毫米波信号产生

提出了一种新型的基于马赫-曾德尔调制器(MZM)和布里渊效应实现六倍频可调毫米波信号输出的方法。在本方案中,先调节MZM的直流偏置,抑制偶数边带,留下奇数边带;经过大功率掺Er3+光纤放大器(EDFA)放大之后,使两个一阶边带的功率达到布里渊阈值之上,然后采用了25km的单模光纤(SMF)作为布里渊介质,滤除一阶边带,留下三阶边带;最后经过EDFA放大和光电探测器(PD)光电转换得到六倍频的毫米波信号。因为布里渊边带滤波是窄带滤波,与波长无关,故本系统可以实现波长无关的微波信号产生。     

A Novel Direct Detection Microwave Photonic Vector Modulation Scheme for Radio-Over-Fiber System

This letter demonstrates the feasibility of a novel direct detection microwave photonic vector modulation scheme for the radio-over-fiber (RoF) system. Unlike the traditional double-sideband with optical carrier suppression modulation scheme, which can carry only the on-off keying data format, the proposed scheme encodes the electrical vector signal on either the upper sideband (USB) or the lower sideband (LSB) only and a pure optical subcarrier on the other sideband. Therefore, phase and amplitude information will be preserved after direct detection. A frequency doubling scheme is employed to reduce the cost of RoF systems. Additionally, the relative intensity between USB and LSB can be easily tuned by adjusting the individual power of electrical driving signals to optimize the performance of the optical radio-frequency signals. A proof-of-concept experiment is conducted by using a 1.25 Gb/s BPSK signal at a carrier frequency of 20 GHz. After transmission over 50-km single-mode fiber, the receiver sensitivity penalty is less than 0.5 dB.     

用IQ调制器产生载波抑制单边带信号的研究

载波抑制单边带调制是一种特殊的幅度调制形式,它将载波和另一个边带抑制,提高频带利用率,增加了光纤的传输容量.并可有效抑制色散,延长信号的传输距离.被广泛应用于长距离高频微波ROF系统中.文中详细分析了利用商用铌酸锂调制器产生载波抑制单边带信号的原理,并据此分析,搭建了试验系统,分别产生了±1阶(即长波方向和短波方向)的...     

Performance evaluation of optical OFDM in direct detected systems based on MZM bias and drive voltages

The impact of DC bias and the RF drive voltage of the dual electrode Mach Zehnder Modulator (DE-MZM) on the transmission performance of optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (O-OFDM) direct detected systems is analyzed theoretically and verified by simulation. Selection of optimum bias and drive voltage is necessary to minimize the optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) requirements and the non-linear distortions in the fiber transmission. In this paper, we compare MZM modulation techniques such as double sideband full carrier and single sideband (SSB) [biased at quadrature and minimum power transmission (MPT) point] with a novel modified SSB OFDM technique. To the best of our knowledge for the first time, a mathematical model for above modified SSB technique is developed to evaluate the OSNR requirement, chromatic dispersion of the fiber, spectral efficiency and the receiver sensitivity against other modulation techniques. Our results show that the modified SSB technique provides high spectral efficiency, receiver sensitivity and low chromatic dispersion against other the modulation techniques, while the one biased at MPT minimizes the OSNR requirements.     

一种基于并级联MZM的20倍频光生毫米波方案

为进一步提高光载无线通信(radio over fiber,ROF)系统中光生毫米波的倍频系数,提出了一种基于4个马赫-曾德尔调制器(Mach-Zehnder modulator,MZM)共同作用的20倍频毫米波信号产生方案。推导了理想情况下倍频方案的产生机理,在仿真实验中,分别分析了非理想因素下调制器直流偏置电压漂移、调制指数、消光比等对系统性能的影响,结果显示,当合理设置各参数的取值范围,其光边带抑制比(optical sideband suppression ratio,OSSR)和射频杂散抑制比(radio frequency spurious sideband suppression ratio,RFSSR)的饱和值高达33.20 dB和27.21 dB;针对基于此倍频方案的ROF系统,对比分析了2.5 Gbit/s数据信号的单双边带调制两种不同传输方式,仿真结果表明,当光纤距离为40 km时,单边带依旧可达无差错传输,降低了传输过程中码间走离效应的影响,增加了系统的传输距离,更适合远距离传输,为微波光子学的发展提供了一种理论依据。     

Microwave frequency measurement with improved measurement range and resolution

An approach is proposed and demonstrated to improve the measurement range and resolution of a microwave frequency measurement system. Two optical wavelengths are modulated by a microwave signal in a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM). The optical output from the MZM is sent to a dispersive element to introduce different chromatic dispersions, leading to different microwave power penalties. A fixed relationship between the microwave power ratio and the microwave frequency is established. The microwave frequency is estimated by measuring the microwave powers. A new measurement range is defined with an improved measurement range and resolution. Analysis is performed and confirmed by an experiment.     

基于调制边带法的高次倍频光毫米波产生

提出了利用外调制技术的调制边带法的六倍频和八倍频光毫米波产生方案。方案仅采用一个马赫曾德尔调制器,并利用其非线性传输特性,通过调节MZM 的偏置电压和调制电压,控制边带的强度,仅保留三阶边带或四阶边带,从而实现六倍频及八倍频光毫米波的产生。采用将基带数据信号仅调制在一个三阶边带或四阶边带分量的方式,有效防止走离。数值分析结果表明,提出的方案仅需10 GHz 及7.5 GHz 的调制信号频率就能得到60 GHz 毫米波,大大减小了调制信号频率,增加了上变频系数,传输距离可达160 km,而功率代价变化不大。与提出的其他高倍频技术相比,由于系统仅采用一个马赫曾德尔调制器,提出的方案系统结构更为简单,且此方案色散影响较小,传输距离更长。