钢纤维混凝土高温后SHPB试验研究

为了研究钢纤维混凝土(SFRC)常温以及经历400和800℃高温后的动态压缩性能,采用改进的分离式Hopkinson压杆装置,结合应变直测技术对其进行了单轴冲击压缩试验.结果表明:经历400和800℃高温后,未掺钢纤维混凝土的峰值应力分别只有常温时的79.2%和38.9%,弹性模量分别降为常温时的82.8%和56.2%,同时,试件的能量吸收能力大幅度下降;钢纤维混凝土400,800℃对应的峰值应力分别降为常温时的76.8%和39.0%,弹性模量稍有降低,分别为常温的91.8%和82.7%,较基准混凝土有了较大的提高.钢纤维的加入可以增加混凝土的极限应力对应应变,曲线的下降段较为平缓,同时增强了混凝土的能量吸收能力,在20,400和800℃时,分别提高了38.5%,27.5%和25%.     

钢纤维高强混凝土静、动力性能试验研究

通过钢纤维高强混凝土的静力压缩和拉伸试验,研究了静压力作用下,钢纤维掺量对其抗压强度、弹性模量和泊松比的影响;研究了静拉力作用下钢纤维掺量对其抗拉强度影响;通过钢纤维高强混凝土的动态压缩试验,研究了形状效应、应变率效应对其动态抗压强度、极限应变和动力增大系数(DIF)的影响;通过动态劈裂试验研究了应变率效应对其动态抗拉强度、极限应变和动力增大系数(DIF)的影响.研究表明:2.5%的钢纤维能够显著提高混凝土的静力抗压强度、弹性模量,并能显著减小泊松比,对混凝土的抗拉强度也具有显著的增强作用;同时,动压力作用下,钢纤维高强混凝土的动态抗压强度、极限应变和DIF均随试件高径比的增大而提高;动态劈裂作用下,钢纤维高强混凝土动态抗拉强度、极限应变和DIF亦均随高径比的增大而提高.     

BFRP管约束超高性能混凝土受压应力-应变关系试验研究

为研究玄武岩纤维增强复合材料（basalt fiber reinforced polymer,BFRP）管约束超高性能混凝土（ultra-high performance concrete,UHPC）受压应力-应变关系,对12根约束UHPC试件和4根无约束UHPC试件进行了单轴受压试验,分析了BFRP管约束UHPC的破坏形态和应力-应变全曲线特征,以及BFRP管壁厚度、钢纤维掺量对应力-应变全曲线的影响规律。结果表明：随着管壁厚度的增加,UHPC的极限强度和极限应变均有所增大,且呈现出线性增长趋势;掺入钢纤维可以提高无约束UHPC试件的极限强度和极限应变,但在BFRP管约束作用下钢纤维的增强作用会有所减弱。建立的BFRP管约束UHPC极限状态模型和应力-应变全曲线方程可为BFRP管约束UHPC的工程设计及应用提供参考。     

风积沙混凝土轴心受压力学性能研究

试验设计风积沙和粉煤灰内掺替代等质量的河砂及水泥,制备了10组风积沙-粉煤灰混凝土,进行60d风积沙-粉煤灰混凝土轴心抗压试验,开展风积沙-粉煤灰混凝土轴心受压破坏形貌、微观结构、应力-应变关系、轴心抗压强度、峰值应变、弹性模量、泊松比等内容的试验研究。结果表明：弹性阶段各掺量风积沙混凝土应力-应变曲线基本趋于一致,进入弹塑性阶段后,风积沙混凝土较基准混凝土应力增长较快,混凝土脆性增加。轴心抗压强度、弹性模量及泊松比随风积沙掺量增加呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,随粉煤灰掺量增加在降低。最后,对过镇海经典模型上升段本构参数A进行二次演化,建立了本构参数与轴心抗压强度和风积沙掺量之间的演化模型,得出风积沙混凝土应力-应变上升段本构方程。     

混杂纤维增强高性能混凝土拉压比试验研究

研究了揭示钢纤维和聚丙烯纤维混杂后对高性能混凝土强度和拉压比的影响.参照国家标准和试验方法,按不同的纤维掺量设计了9组混杂纤维增强高性能混凝土试件以及3组钢纤维增强高性能混凝土对比试件和1组普通高性能混凝土对比试件,进行了大量立方体抗压强度试验和劈裂抗拉强度试验研究,并对拉压比进行回归分析.结果在高性能混凝土中掺加适量的钢纤维和聚丙烯纤维后:对抗压强度影响不明显,但可使抗拉强度提高10%~30%,使拉压比增大到0.06~0.068;钢纤维体积掺量为0.8%、聚丙烯纤维体积掺量为0.11%时,混杂纤维增强高性能混凝土拉压比为0.068;混杂纤维增强高性能混凝土的劈裂抗拉试验为近似于延性断裂破坏.结论掺加适量钢纤维和聚丙烯纤维后,高性能混凝土的抗拉强度和拉压比均有不同程度的提高,这有利于提高高性能混凝土的抗裂性能和抗震性能.     

钢纤维地质聚合物混凝土静态力学性能研究

通过控制粉煤灰、矿渣和钢纤维的掺量,配制了不同抗压强度的钢纤维地质聚合物混凝土试件,进行轴心抗压试验与电镜扫描(field scanning electron microscope, FSEM)微观结构分析,研究了钢纤维掺量对不同混凝土基准强度试件的应力-应变曲线、能量耗散等力学特征的影响。结果表明：钢纤维提升了普通地质聚合物混凝土的轴心抗压强度、弹性模量、峰值应变、能量耗散与延性等力学性能;FSEM试验观测到钢纤维的桥接作用及硅酸钙水合物的粘结作用改善了试件内部材料之间的粘结性能,使试件的力学性能得到了较好的提升;建立的轴心受压应力-应变本构模型与试验值整体吻合较好,为钢纤维地质聚合物的工程应用提供了一定的理论基础。     

冻融环境下沙漠砂对混凝土轴心受压力学性能的影响

为研究沙漠砂对混凝土抗冻性能的影响,采用快速冻融方法,进行掺沙漠砂混凝土冻融后轴心抗压强度试验,得到不同冻融循环作用下掺沙漠砂混凝土破坏特征和应力-应变曲线,分析不同冻融循环下掺沙漠砂混凝土表面损伤特征、质量损失率、动弹性模量损失率和超声波波速损失率的变化规律.结果表明:随着冻融循环次数增加,掺沙漠砂混凝土质量损失率变化较小,动弹性模量损失率、超声波波速损失率、相对峰值应变和极限应变均增大,相对峰值应力和横向变形系数均减小,弹性模量先增大后减小;在相同冻融循环次数下,掺沙漠砂混凝土弹性模量损失率、超声波波速损失率和相对峰值应变均小于普通混凝土,相对峰值应力、横向变形系数和弹性模量比普通混凝土高.采用过镇海提出的单轴受压本构模型拟合得到应力-应变全曲线方程,分析冻融循环对应力-应变曲线控制参数的影响,可对沙漠砂混凝土结构的抗冻性能进行分析.     

混杂纤维增强高性能混凝土强度的试验

目的揭示钢纤维和聚丙烯纤维混杂后对高性能混凝土强度和抗裂性能的影响.方法参照国家标准和试验方法，按不同的纤维掺量设计了16组纤维增强高性能混凝土试件，进行了大量抗压强度试验和劈裂抗拉性能试验研究.结果低体积掺量的聚丙烯纤维增强高性能混凝土劈裂抗拉试验破坏为爆裂式破坏；在高性能混凝土中掺加适量的钢纤维和聚丙烯纤维可使抗拉强度提高10%-40%，使拉压比增大到1/18-1/16；劈裂抗拉试验破坏为带有一定延性的破坏；钢纤维体积掺量为0.8%、聚丙烯纤维体积掺量为0.11%时混杂纤维增强高性能混凝土的复合增强效果最好，高性能混凝土拉压比为1/16.结论适量掺加钢纤维和聚丙烯纤维可使高性能混凝土的拉压比增大，提高高性能混凝土的抗裂性能.     

钢纤维混凝土准静态单轴受压力学性能

采用WAW-2000型微机控制电液伺服万能试验机对钢纤维体积率(Vf)为0%~3%、基体强度为C50的钢纤维混凝土(SFRC)进行了准静态三种应变率单轴压缩试验,测出了基体混凝土和SFRC应力-应变全曲线,试验结果表明:随Vf的增加,SFRC抗压强度仅有小幅度增长,韧性则增长幅度较大;随着应变率增大,SFRC强度提高,韧性呈现下降趋势,但Vf越大,韧性下降幅度越小;SFRC的弹性模量和泊松比均是不敏感的材料参数,随Vf的提高而分别微增与微减;还推荐了适合于SFRC应力-应变曲线的数学表达式。     

大掺量粉煤灰混凝土应力－应变关系

为研究大掺量粉煤灰混凝土后期力学关系,通过3种配合比的粉煤灰混凝土90 d及365 d的单向轴向加载试验,探讨其轴向和横向应力应变的力学特性以及耗能等。同时,采用我国规范公式以及国外具有代表性的公式进行应力应变计算并与试验结果相比较。研究表明：随着粉煤灰掺量和龄期的增加,混凝土抗压强度以及抗压强度对应的应变及弹性模量均能有效增大,但横向变形能力降低;中国规范公式和日本公式与试验数据吻合程度较高,尤其龄期为365 d时基本一致。因此,中国规范普通硅酸盐混凝土公式和日本常用普通硅酸盐混凝土公式能够较好的评价粉煤灰混凝土后期应力应变关系。     

Charactersitics of Stress-strain Curve of High Strength Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete under Uniaxial Tension

A whole of 110 specimens divided into 22 groups were tested with varying the volume fraction of steel fibers and the matrix strength of these specimens. The stress-strain behaviors of four types of steel fiber reinforced concrete （SFRC） under uniaxial tension were studied experimentally. When the matrix strength and the fiber content increase, the tensile stress and tensile strain vary differently according to the fiber type. The mechanisms of reinforcing effect for different types of fiber were analyzed and the stress-strain curves of the specimens were plotted. Some experimental factors for stress or strain of SFRC were given. A tensile toughness modulus Re0.5 was introduced to evaluate the toughness characters of SFRC under uniaxial tension. Moreover, the formula of the tensile stress-strain curve of SFRC was regressed. The theoretical curve and the experimental ones fit well, which can be used for references in construction.     

纤维增强泡沫混凝土的力学强度及吸水性能

以普通硅酸盐水泥和动物蛋白发泡剂为基材,制备了泡沫混凝土,研究了：试样强度随水灰比、干密度、纤维长度、纤维类型的变化规律;单轴受压下应力应变全曲线;试样微观泡孔分布以及吸水性能的变化。结果表明,素泡沫混凝土和纤维增强泡沫混凝土的抗压强度均随孔隙率增加呈指数减小,水灰比对抗压强度的影响随纤维添加量、孔隙率的不同而不同。短丝纤维对强度的提升优于长丝纤维,网状纤维对强度的改善优于丝状纤维;纤维泡沫混凝土应力应变全曲线包括上升、下降和峰后三段,与素泡沫混凝土相比,其峰值应力对应的峰值应变减小,而弹性模量和残余应力均大幅增加;大直径泡孔占比随纤维添加量增加而降低,添加纤维提升了试样的吸水性能。     

超轻质水泥基复合材料基本力学性能

为探究超轻质水泥基复合材料(ultra lightweight cement composite,ULCC)的基本力学性能及应力-应变曲线本构关系.以粉煤灰空心微珠为唯一轻质微集料,以水泥和硅灰为胶凝材料,以高效减水剂和减缩剂为外加剂,配制了钢纤维体积掺量为1%,表观密度介于1 250~1 550 kg/m3,轴心抗压强度介于47.9~70.0 MPa的4种不同密度等级的ULCC.对其分别进行单轴抗压和单轴抗拉试验,分别研究了ULCC的轴心抗压和轴心抗拉力学性能,测得了ULCC材料轴心抗压强度、轴心抗拉强度、弹性模量、泊松比及单轴抗压和单轴抗拉应力-应变曲线.结果表明:ULCC的抗压强度、抗拉强度和弹性模量均随密度的增加而增加; ULCC的轴心抗压强度和弹性模量与密度呈较强线性相关性.轴心抗拉试验结果表明ULCC抗拉应力-应变曲线关系呈现明显的峰后平台段,ULCC材料具有良好的拉伸变形能力.根据试验测得的ULCC单轴抗压和单轴抗拉应力-应变全曲线,建立了ULCC单轴抗压和单轴抗拉的分段式应力-应变本构方程.研究成果可为ULCC结构的设计和非线性有限元计算提供理论依据.     

Behavior of concrete and concrete-filled circular steel tubular stub columns at constant high temperatures

Based on reanalyzing test results of uniaxial compressive behavior of concrete at constant high temperatures in China, with the compressive cube strength of concrete from 20 to 80 MPa, unified formulas for uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus, strain at peak uniaxial compression and mathematical expression for unaxial compressive stress-strain relations for the concrete at constant high temperatures were studied. Furthermore, the axial stress-axial strain relations between laterally confined concrete under axial compression and multiaxial stress-strain relations for steel at constant high temperatures were studied. Finally, based on continuum mechanics, the mechanics model for concentric cylinders of circular steel tube with concrete core of entire section loaded at constant high temperatures was established. Applying elasto-plastic analysis method, a FORTRAN program was developed, and the concrete-filled circular steel tubular （CFST） stub colunms at constant high temperatures were analyzed. The analysis results are in agreement with the experiment ones from references.     

Dynamic mechanical property of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete(HFRC)

The uniaxial compressive response of steel-polypropylene hybrid fiber reinforced concrete(HFRC) and steel fiber-reinforced concrete(SFRC) was analyzed under high strain rate loading with a 74 mm diameter split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB).The experimental investigation focused on recorded data and resulted in distinguishing the strain rate that mobilized different ductility of steel-polypropylene hybrid fiber reinforced concrete(HFRC) and steel fiber-reinforced concrete(SFRC).64 specimens of HFRC and SFRC with higher static compressive strength were tested at the strain rates changing from 20 to 120 s-1.The static compressive strength and dynamic stress-strain curves of the two materials were obtained at 4 different strain rates and the failure stress,and peak strain and peak toughness were also analyzed.The results show that HFRC has quite good dynamic mechanical property and clear strain-rate effect,and the failure mechanism of HFRC and SFRC was also compared based on the specimens’ failure modes in static and dynamic compressive tests.     

Effects of fibers on mechanical properties of high-performance concrete subjected to elevated temperatures

The compressive strength and ilexural toughness as well as fracture energy of fiber reinforced highperformance concrete （FRHPC） subjected to different high temperatures were studied. The results showed that after exposure at 300,600 and 900℃, the concrete mixes retained 88.1% , 41.3% and 10.2% of the original compressive strength on average, respectively. Steel fiber and polypropylene （PP） fiber were both effective in minimizing the damage effect of high temperatures on the compressive strength. The HPC reinforced with steel fibers showed higher flexural toughness and fracture energy before and after the high-temperature exposures. In comparison, PP fibers had minor beneficial effects on the flexural toughness and fracture energy. The mechanical properties of HPC reinforced with hybrid fibers （steel fiber ＋ PP fiber） were equivalent to or better than those of HPC reinforced with steel fibers alone. In addition, the failure pattern of FRHPC beams changed from pull-out of steel fibers at lower temperatures （20, 300 and 600℃） to tensile failure of steel fibers at higher temperature （900 ℃）.     

Uniaxial compressive properties of ultra high toughness cementitious composite

Uniaxial compression tests were conducted to characterize the main compressive performance of ultra high toughness cementitious composite (UHTCC) in terms of strength and toughness and to obtain its stress-strain relationships. The compressive strength investigated ranges from 30 MPa to 60 MPa. Complete stress-strain curves were directly obtained, and the strength indexes, including uniaxial compressive strength, compressive strain at peak stress, elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio, were calculated. The comparisons between UHTCC and matrix were also carried out to understand the fiber effect on the compressive strength indexes. Three dimensionless toughness indexes were calculated, which either represent its relative improvement in energy absorption capacity because of fiber addition or provide an indication of its behavior relative to a rigid-plastic material. Moreover, two new toughness indexes, which were named as post-crack deformation energy and equivalent compressive strength, were proposed and calculated with the aim at linking up the compressive toughness of UHTCC with the existing design concept of concrete. The failure mode was also given. The study production provides material characteristics for the practical engineering application of UHTCC.     

混凝土单轴动态抗拉特性的试验研究

在应用过程中,混凝土结构肯定要受到动态荷载的作用,而混凝土材料的动态力学特性与静态情况下有非常大的区别.为了考察动态荷载作用下混凝土的抗拉特性,本文应用MTS试验机,对C40混凝土在应变速率为10-5/s～10-2/s范围内进行单轴动态拉伸试验,系统研究了不同应变速率下混凝土的抗拉强度、弹性模量、峰值应变等抗拉力学特性,并分析了应变速率对混凝土抗拉强度、弹性模量等的影响规律.试验结果表明:混凝土抗拉强度、弹性模量会随应变速率的增加而增加,泊松比离散性比较大,规律不明显,动态受拉应力应变曲线与静态相似.这些成果可以为混凝土的结构设计提供技术参数.     

早龄期混凝土力学性能试验及其单轴本构模型

为了研究早龄期混凝土的立方体抗压强度、轴心抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、静力受压弹性模量以及单轴受压应力应变曲线的规律,进行了系统的加载试验和试验数据分析.总结了早龄期阶段力学指标随龄期的变化规律以及与立方体抗压强度之间的换算关系,通过拟合相关参数,提出了分段式的受压应力应变全曲线拟合公式,拟合结果与试验数据吻合较好.试验结果表明,早龄期C40混凝土的强度和弹性模量随着龄期非线性增长,7 d是增长变化的分界时点;随着龄期的增长,峰值应变减少,脆性变大;早龄期C40混凝土的单轴受压应力应变曲线与充分养护龄期混凝土形状相似.