高能球磨+硼/碳热还原法制备(Ti,Mo, Nb,Ta, Zr)B2高熵陶瓷粉末的研究

以TiO₂、MoO₃、Nb₂O₅、Ta₂O₅、ZrO₂、B₄C和炭黑为原料,采用高能球磨+硼/碳热还原法制备(Ti, Mo, Nb, Ta, Zr)B₂高熵陶瓷粉末,并借助XRD、SEM等手段对反应产物的物相组成和微观形貌进行了表征。实验结果表明：球磨时间、还原温度和保温时间是制备高品质(Ti, Mo, Nb, Ta, Zr)B₂高熵陶瓷粉末的重要影响因素。当球磨时间为2 h、真空碳热还原温度为1 700℃、保温2 h时,可制备出粒径约为1～2μm、元素分布均匀且具有单一相成分的高品质(Ti, Mo, Nb, Ta, Zr)B₂高熵陶瓷粉末。     

一种镍基单晶高温合金的显微偏析行为

研究了一种新型镍基单晶高温合金DD98铸态组织的显微偏析行为.实验结果表明,当合金以枝晶凝固时,组织中存在显微偏析.其中元素Mo、Cr、Ti、Ta、Al在枝晶间富集,Ti、Mo、Ta、Cr的偏析较为严重,Al的偏析程度相对小一些,Ni、Co、W为枝晶干偏析元素,其中W的偏析最为严重;共晶中富集Al、Ta、Ti、Ni,贫Co、W、Cr、Mo.凝固速率对枝晶偏析有显著的影响.随着抽拉速率的增加,元素Al、Mo、Co、Ti的偏析程度增加,而Ta的偏析程度降低,其它元素的偏析程度变化不大.     

镍基铸造高温合金中元素对一次碳化物MC的组成及其形态的影响

一次碳化物MC是镍基铸造高温合金的主要析出相之一。本文通过电子探针和金相分析方法探讨了合金元素对合金中MC的组成和形态的影响。MC的组成和形态主要决定于合金中的Nb/Ti比值,合金中的Nb/Ti值高,MC中的Nb/Ti值也随着升高,由富Ti的MC向着富Nb的MC转变,MC的形态也跟着由块状向着片状和骨架状转变。合金中加入～1％Hf、Zr或V,能改变MC的组成,置换其中的一部分Ti,并使MC由骨架状转变成块状。C_o和B对MC形态有影响,含0.15～0.20％B和16％C_o的合金,其MC富Nb但呈块状。碳量增加,MC急剧地由块状转变成片状和骨架状。根据碳化物生成自由能的大小和元素的枝晶偏析倾向,合金元素的碳化物生成次序为Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、Ti和V.元素促使MC呈块状析出的能力按如下次序排列:Mg、Zr、Hf、V、Ti、B、Co、Ca、Cr、W、Mo、Al、Nb、Ce、C。     

含Hf和Ta新型镍基高温合金粉末中碳化物相

对含Hf和Ta新型镍基高温合金FGH98Ⅰ等离子旋转电极(PREP)雾化原始和不同温度下预热处理粉末中的碳化物相进行了研究.结果表明:原始粉末中MC′型碳化物可分为两类,一类为富Ti、Ta和Nb,另一类为含Ta、Hf和Zr.两类碳化物均含有一定量非碳化物形成元素Co和Ni及中等强碳化物形成元素Cr和Mo,并以块状、粒状分布于枝晶或胞晶间;随着预热处理温度升高,粉末中富Ti、Ta和Nb的MC′型碳化物转变为MC型碳化物,且其所含Ti、Ta和Nb的总量增大;含Ta、Hf和Zr的MC′型碳化物发生分解和转变,析出稳定的M23C6、M6C和MC型碳化物,M23C6碳化物的析出和溶解温度为950℃和1150℃,M23C6和M6C碳化物共存温度为1000～1100℃.另外,粉末中微量元素Hf和Ta主要以碳化物和γ′相参与碳化物反应.     

Nb、Al协同合金化MoSi_2材料的燃烧合成与组织结构

以Mo、Nb、Si、Al元素粉末为原料,采用燃烧合成法制备名义成分分别为(Mo0.97Nb0.03)(Si0.97Al0.03)2、(Mo0.94Nb0.06)(Si0.97Al0.03)2、(Mo0.91Nb0.09)(Si0.97Al0.03)2与(Mo0.88Nb0.12)(Si0.97Al0.03)2等4种不同化含量的合金,研究其燃烧合成行为,分析燃烧合成过程中粉末压坯的燃烧模式、燃烧温度、燃烧波前沿蔓延速率以及产物组成。结果表明:随Nb含量增加,燃烧合成反应模式由螺旋燃烧逐渐转变为稳态燃烧。添加Nb、Al后,合金的最高燃烧温度升高,并随Nb含量增加呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,其中(Mo0.91Nb0.09)(Si0.97Al0.03)2的燃烧温度最高,达到1 924 K,但燃烧波蔓延速率随Nb含量增加而逐渐降低。XRD结果表明:(Mo0.97Nb0.03)(Si0.97Al0.03)2合金主要由MoSi2构成,含有少量Mo(SiAl)2和Mo5Si3;(Mo0.94Nb0.06)(Si0.97Al0.03)2中开始出现NbSi2相,(Mo0.91Nb0.09)(Si0.97Al0.03)2和(Mo0.88Nb0.12)(Si0.97Al0.03)2合金中Mo5Si3的衍射峰强度进一步降低,而NbSi2的衍射峰略有增强,因而添加Nb有利于形成C40结构的NbSi2,同时抑制Mo5Si3的产生。SEM观察表明合金为多孔结构。     

Nb-Ti-V-Mo微合金钢中复合碳化物的析出动力学

结合JmatPro热力学软件对Nb-Ti-V-Mo微合金化E460海工钢中多元复合析出相的固溶热力学计算和经典形核长大动力学理论,研究了(Nb,Ti,Mo,V)C在奥氏体和铁素体中沉淀析出规律,探讨了奥氏体形变储能和形变诱导析出量对(Nb,Ti,Mo,V)C沉淀析出动力学的影响。研究表明,(Nb,Ti,Mo,V)C在1 448.6 K时开始析出。在奥氏体相区,随着温度的降低,临界形核功逐渐降低,NrT曲线和PTT曲线呈单调变化趋势。在奥氏体和铁素体两相区,(Nb,Ti,Mo,V)C的最快沉淀析出温度为1 062.6 K。随着形变储能的增加,相对形核率呈增加趋势,析出孕育期缩短。随形变诱导析出量增加,PTT曲线向左移动,最大形核率温度和最快析出温度为1 058.3～1 063.8 K。     

Al,Ti,Nb,Mo含量对新型Ni-25Cr-20Co镍基合金中γ'和η析出相的影响

利用热力学计算软件Thermo-Calc分析了新型Ni-25 Cr-20Co镍基高温合金(/％:0.03C、25Cr、20Co、0.50Mo、1.38Al、1.38Ti、1.50Nb、余Ni)中可能的平衡析出相,得出该合金的平衡状态图和Al、Ti、Nb、Mo含量(分别为0.5％ ～2.5％)对γ’和η相析出行为的影响.结果表明,增加Al、Ti和Nb的含量可以提高γ '相的析出量,但Ti和Nb会促进η相的析出并扩大其析出温度范围,Co和Mo对两种析出相的影响较少.     

Nb-Ti微合金化超低碳钢析出物热力学分析及对热塑性影响

建立了基于双亚点阵模型的 (Nb_xTi_1-x) (C_yN_1-y)复合热力学模型,并计算了1023~1623 K时Nb-Ti微合金化超低碳钢(/%:0.02C,0.12Si,1.70Mn,0.012P,0.004S,0.101Nb,0.009Ti,0.010Als)的析出相中各组分的摩尔分数、占位比以及析出顺序。通过Gleeble热模拟机、透射电镜和能谱分析仪研究了析出物对该钢230 mm铸坯热塑性的影响和验证所建立的热力学模型。结果表明,1523 K时,钢中Nb、Ti的固溶摩尔分数分别为5.4×10^-4和3.87×10^-5,降至1023 K时,Nb、Ti固溶含量趋于0。随温度降低析出物中Ti、N占位比逐渐下降,而Nb、C占位比逐步上升,析出物的演变顺序为Nb_0.315Ti_0.685C_0.02N_0.98 , (Nb_xTi_1-x) (C_yN_1-y) , Nb_0.85Ti_0.15C_0.71 N_0.29, 计算值与实验结果基本吻合。析出物尺寸小于60 nm,数量高于5个/μm²时,铸坯热塑性明显降低;1241 K钢的抗拉强度临界应力为63.8 MPa,裂纹易形成;同时,Gleeble试样断口处发现Al、Si、Mn、Nb、Ti在晶界处富集,碳氮化物引起空洞,应力作用下形成裂纹。因此连铸过程的铸坯矫直温度应≥1241 K。      

新疆哈密景峡一带阿尔巴萨依组火山岩构造环境及地层含矿性分析

阿尔巴萨依组火山岩为一套安山岩～玄武岩组合,具有富钠贫钾的特点,反映岩石蚀变强烈;Ti/Y、Zr/Y、Ta/Yb比值较高,Hf/Ta、Zr/Nb比值较低显示出明显的大陆板内特征,对其进行构造环境判别,认为阿尔巴萨依组火山岩为板内玄武岩,形成于伸展断陷环境,地层中Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni、Mo等元素异常较好,具有一定的找矿潜力。     

原子发射光谱法测定石墨材料中的钛锆铪铌钽钼和钨

研究了用浸泡电极法加入Nacl和普通方法加入NaF时,对原子发射光谱法测定石墨粉中Ti、Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、Mo、W的作用。Nacl溶液浸泡电极法测定Ti、Mo和Hf时,其检出限要比加NaF的方法低半个数量级。     

The effect of varying AI,Ti,and Nb content on the phase stability of INCONEL 718

The effects of varying the strengthening alloying elements on the microstructural stability of the superalloy INCONEL 718 have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray and synchrotron diffractometry. Time-temperature-transformation curves were determined for the embrittling σ-phase using conventional and synchrotron X-ray diffractometry. Increasing the Al/Ti ratio and the Al + Ti concentration in the alloy decreases the driving force both to form σ phase and coarsen γ". Abbreviated mechanical tests also indicate that the alloys with the highest Al + Ti content and Al/Ti ratio are more stable than the commercial “SUPER” IN718 after long times at elevated temperatures.     

Thermodynamic effect of alloying addition on <Emphasis Type="Italic">in-situ</Emphasis> reinforced TiB<Subscript>2</Subscript>/Al composites

From the viewpoint of thermodynamics, using the Wilson equation and an extended Miedema model, the effect of the alloying element on the stability of the precipitated phases during the fabrication of in-situ reinforced TiB₂/Al composites was evaluated. The result shows that additions of alloying elements, such as Mg, Cu, Zr, Ni, Fe, V, and La, can promote the formation of Al₃Ti and TiB₂ phases. Particularly, Zr has the most pronounced effect among these alloying elements. In addition, alloying elements can hinder the formation of AlB₂ to a small extent. The calculation results also show that it is easier for magnesium to react with the salts to form TiB₂ than aluminum during the fabrication of in-situ reinforced TiB₂/Al using the flux-assisted synthesis (FAS) technology.     

Competitive growth of stable and metastable Fe- C- X eutectics: Part I. experiments

The effect of small additions of Si, P, Cr, Mn, Ti, Al, and S to pure Fe-C eutectic, upon the transi-tion velocities from grey to white and white to grey cast iron, has been measured by varying the growth rate during directional solidification. As a result, it is found that alloying elements can be classified into three types: graphitizing (Si, Al, P, and S), carburizing (Cr), and “hysteretic effect” (Mn, Ti). The well-known influence of a thermal gradient (or the superheat) has been shown to af-fect only the grey-to-white transition. Growth undercoolings were measured as a function of growth rate, while the average lamellar spacings were determined from transverse sections of directionally solidified samples. A small addition of the element studied can have a marked effect upon these parameters.     

Morphological stability of γ/α interface formed by carburization in Fe-C-X alloys

Effect of alloying elements on the morphological stability of austenite/ferrite interface formed by carburization of Fe-X alloys at 850 °C and 800 °C was investigated. Planar interfaces were found when the alloying elements added were from among the following: Ti, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Co, and Cu. Nonplanar interfaces with Widmanstätten-like structures and/or an isolated phase were observed when the alloying elements were from the following group: P, Al, Sb, Ni, Mn, Si, and Ge. The degree of supersaturation of C in the α phase adjacent to the γ phase front was analyzed using the concept of local equilibrium. It was confirmed that there was indeed a close correlation between the morphological stability and the degree of C supersaturation, which in itself depended on whether the alloying element added was an α or γ stabilizer and how strongly it bonded with C in the ferrite phase.     

Alloying Elements in High Speed Steels

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Light‐weight steels based on iron‐aluminium ‐ influence of micro alloying elements (B,Ti, Nb) on microstructures,textures and mechanical properties

The influence of the micro alloying elements B, Ti and Nb on the recrystallization texture and mechanical properties of iron aluminium light‐weight steels, particularly with reference to their improved deep drawing properties was investigated. Depending on the combination of the alloying elements the microstructures of the investigated micro alloyed Fe‐6Al steels are influenced by grain refinement. Likewise, variable combinations of micro alloying elements differently affect the texture. Generally, the mechanical properties are improved. However, small amounts of B, Ti and Nb cause superior deep drawing and stretch forming properties of these iron aluminium light‐weight steels The microstructures of various micro alloyed cold rolled Fe‐6Al steel sheets were evaluated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) inclusively EDAX and X‐ray diffraction. Texture measurements were performed using a goniometer with a closed Eulerian cradle and analysed by ODF calculations. Tensile tests were carried out at room temperature and 200 °C, respectively. The deep drawing behaviour was determined by performing cupping tests and digitalised strain analysis.     

Ternary diffusion coefficients—Theoretical treatment and application to theIn-situ-reinforced TiB2/Al composite

In the present work, a new model is developed to predict ternary diffusion coefficients in liquid state based on hard sphere theory and the Miedema model, and the diffusion coefficients are theoretically determined starting from the quantities of the pure component. Using this model, the diffusion coefficient of Ti in the TiB₂/Al composite is evaluated and the influence of alloying element additions on the diffusion coefficient of Ti is discussed. The results indicate that additions of Si can promote the diffusion of Ti. Meanwhile, other elements including Cu, Fe, Mg, V, Ni, La, and Zr can hinder the diffusion of Ti. It is furthermore concluded that not only the phase diagram but also considerations concerning the kinetics are required to produce the desirable phases.     

等离子表面Cr-Si合金化改善TiAl基合金高温抗氧化性能的研究

利用等离子表面合金化技术,在TiAl基合金表面实现了Cr-Si二元共渗。通过SEM、EDS、XRD检测合金渗层的形貌、合金元素含量与相结构,并研究了合金化处理对TiAl基合金高温抗氧化性能的改善效果。结果表明,合金渗层组成相为Cr3Si及Laves相TiCr2,过渡层物相主要为Al8Cr5与Al3Ti,合金层内Cr、Si元素含量呈梯度分布;经高温氧化后合金渗层表层形成致密CrO2,内层形成连续Al2O3阻隔层,其氧化动力学曲线呈典型的抛物线型。     

复吹转炉冶炼低氮钢控制技术

对复吹转炉冶炼过程增氮原因进行了分析,提出了供氮强度小于0.025 m3/（min.t）供气模式,供氮与吹氧时间比小于70%,减少点吹次数,减少高氮含量材料的使用量,出钢合金化前期造钢包渣,RH进行V、Ti、Nb元素合金化等措施。采取措施后,脱氧合金化后钢水氮含量控制在25×10-6以下。