Mg-5Y-3Sm-0.8Ca-0.5Sb合金的组织和力学性能

采用组织分析和拉伸试验,研究了Mg-5Y-3Sm-0.8Ca-0.5Sb(%,质量分数)合金的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明,铸态Mg-5Y-3Sm-0.8Ca-0.5Sb合金的显微组织由α-Mg基体和Mg24Y5、Mg41Sm5、Mg2Ca、Mg3Sb2相组成。时效态Mg-5Y-3Sm-0.8Ca-0.5Sb合金具有良好的室温及高温力学性能,在室温下的抗拉强度为266 MPa,200℃时为244 MPa,300℃时仍高达208 MPa,其抗拉强度稳定性优于发展最为成功的商用耐热镁合金WE43。     

Sb对Mg-5Y-3Sm-0.8Ca合金组织和力学性能的影响

采用组织分析和拉伸试验,研究加入0.5%Sb对Mg-5Y-3Sm-0.8Ca(质量分数)合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,加入0.5%Sb后,合金中有高熔点Mg3Sb2相生成,且晶粒尺寸得到细化。Mg-5Y-3Sm-0.8Ca-0.5Sb合金的室温及高温力学性能得到改善,室温和300℃时的抗拉强度分别为266 MPa和208 MPa,抗拉强度稳定性优于商用耐热镁合金WE43。     

Y元素对超高强Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和室温拉伸力学性能测试等手段研究了Y元素对超高强Al-9Zn-2.5Mg-2Cu(wt.%)合金铸态和T6热处理态微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:Y元素的添加能够细化铸态合金晶粒,降低晶界第二相的连续性;经轧制变形和T6热处理后,随着Y元素含量的提高,合金的强度呈先升高后降低的趋势。当Y元素添加量为0.2%时,性能优秀,其屈服强度为590.1 MPa,极限抗拉强度为622.7 MPa,伸长率为10.44%。     

Mg-Zn-Sm合金的微观组织与力学、腐蚀性能研究

为了研究Sm对Mg-3Zn合金组织、力学及腐蚀性能的影响,采用重力浇注法制备了Mg-3Zn-x Sm合金,通过光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、拉伸试验和电化学实验研究了Sm对Mg-3Zn合金的铸态、挤压态组织、力学性能及耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,增加Sm的含量,Mg-3Zn-x Sm合金中的第二相逐渐增多,晶粒得到细化,枝状晶间距减少,第二相呈连续网状分布于晶界处。经挤压后,挤压态组织得到细化,组织发生明显的动态再结晶,第二相沿挤压方向趋于带状分布,平均晶粒尺寸从Mg-3Zn-0.5Sm的18μm逐渐降至Mg-3Zn-4Sm的5μm。挤压态Mg-3Zn-x Sm合金的σb,σ0.2和δ分别从Mg-3Zn-0.5Sm的225 MPa,146 MPa和15%提高到Mg-3Zn-4Sm的250MPa,195 MPa,25%,提高幅度分别为11.1%,33.6%,66.7%。随着Sm含量的增加,自腐蚀电流密度逐渐降低,高频区容抗半环逐渐增大,Mg-3Zn-4Sm的自腐蚀电流密度最小0.00881m A/cm2。     

晶粒细化对Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金组织与性能的影响

采用铝钛硼细化剂对Al-1.2Mg-0.8Si-0.4Cu合金进行晶粒细化,研究了晶粒细化对Al-1.2Mg-0.8Si-0.4Cu合金组织与性能的影响。结果表明:随着铝钛硼细化剂添加量的逐渐增加,Al-1.2Mg-0.8Si-0.4Cu合金的晶粒逐渐细化,合金的抗拉强度和伸长率逐渐提高。当铝钛硼细化剂添加量增加至0.5%时,Al-1.2Mg-0.8Si-0.4Cu合金被细化为37μm的等轴晶,合金的抗拉强度为243MPa,伸长率为10.5%,与未添加铝钛硼细化剂相比,此时合金的抗拉强度提高了43%,伸长率提高了90.9%。     

高温固溶处理对Mg-15Gd-2Zn-0.6Zr合金组织结构及力学性能的影响

通过光学显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和力学试验,研究了510℃下固溶处理20h所得Mg-15Gd-2Zn-0.6Zr合金的组织结构及力学性能。结果表明,铸态Mg-15Gd-2Zn-0.6Zr合金主要由树枝状α-Mg基体以及分布于枝晶间的(Mg,Zn)_3Gd共晶相组成;固溶处理后,合金相组成未发生变化,而(Mg,Zn)_3Gd相形貌由连续网状转变为不连续岛状,体积分数由19%下降为9%;固溶态合金中未观察到长周期堆垛有序结构的形成。拉伸条件下,固溶态Mg-15Gd-2Zn-0.6Zr合金屈服强度比铸态略有下降,但抗拉强度和延伸率均有较大提高,其屈服强度、抗拉强度和延伸率依次为176 MPa、277 MPa和12.8%,表现出优良的综合力学性能;压缩条件下,铸态和固溶态Mg-15Gd-2Zn-0.6Zr合金的力学性能差异较小,且均优于拉伸条件下的力学性能。     

添加微量锆、铒对铸造Al-8.25Zn-2.4Mg-2.3Cu合金组织与力学性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射等方法研究了微量Er和压元素对Al-8.25Zn-2.4Mg-2.3Cu合金铸锭组织的细化作用及其细化机制,同时考察了微合金化元素对试验合金力学性能的影响.结果表明:单独添加Zr对Al-8.25Zn-2.4Mg-2.3Cu合金铸锭组织有一定的细化作用,而复合添加Zr和Er则对Al-8.25Zn-2.4Mg-2.3Cu合金铸锭组织产生强烈的细化效果,分析表明其细化效应与合金凝固过程中Al8Cu4Er相、Al3Er相和Al3Zr等复合质点的析出及微量元素在凝固界面前沿的富集有关.经过T6处理,Al-8.25Zn-2.4Mg-2.3Cu-0.18Zr-0.40E哈金的抗拉强度σb为600 MPa;延伸率达到8%.与7075合金相比,试验合金的强度与塑性均获得大幅度提高.     

热处理Mg-9Y-1Cu合金的组织结构及力学性能

采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、XRD等方法研究了热处理Mg-9Y-1Cu合金热处理后的组织结构,利用万能材料试验机测试样品的力学性能,用SEM研究了材料的断裂机理。结果表明,T6处理样品晶粒内部析出层片状14H结构LPSO相。经过挤压,T1合金晶粒明显减小,晶界增多,在晶间及晶粒内部弥散分布着细小第二相。挤压后人工时效样品(T5合金)晶粒长大,且析出的第二相数量有所增多。T6合金屈服强度和抗拉强度分别达到97 MPa和193 MPa。T1合金细化的晶粒和弥散分布第二相使得合金的综合力学性能显著提高,达到商用AZ系列镁合金的强度。T5合金伸长率有所下降,而强度变化不明显。     

Zn含量对Mg-Mn-Zn合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

通过添加少量的Zn元素制备了(%,质量分数)Mg-2.0Mn-x Zn(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0)合金。对合金进行挤压变形,并利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)等手段,研究了少量的Zn元素对Mg-Mn合金组织及力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,Mg-2.0Mn-x Zn合金的铸态及挤压态组织中主要含有的第二相为颗粒状的α-Mn相,Zn元素均匀固溶于Mg基体中。少量添加的Zn元素可以显著细化铸态Mg-Mn-Zn镁合金的晶粒尺寸。随着Zn含量增加,挤压态合金中动态再结晶区域增加,混晶组织呈减少趋势。少量添加Zn元素对挤压态Mg-2.0Mn合金的强度及塑性都有明显的改善作用,尤其是合金的屈服强度最高增加42%,延伸率增加57%。随着Zn添加量增加,合金强度的增加趋势减弱。SEM观察显示挤压态Mg-2.0Mn-x Zn合金拉伸试样的断口形貌以韧窝及解理台阶为主,呈现韧性断裂与准解理断裂的混合断口形貌。     

不同冷速凝固的Mg-9Gd-0.8Al合金固溶行为及组织性能

为了探究Al元素在不同冷却速度下对Mg-9Gd合金组织细化效果及其对后续固溶处理的影响,利用铁模和铜模重力铸造制备了铸态Mg-9Gd-0.8Al合金,之后进行10~50 h的固溶处理。采用OM、SEM、TEM、EDS及XRD等方法研究了冷却速度对Mg-9Gd-0.8Al合金凝固和固溶行为及组织力学性能的影响。结果表明,铁模和铜模制备的铸态Mg-9Gd-0.8Al合金组织均由α-Mg基体、花瓣状(Mg, Al)₃Gd相、细条状Mg₅Gd相和方块状Al₂Gd相组成。铜模相比于铁模冷却速度加快,制备的合金基体晶粒和第二相显著细化,第二相体积分数总量增长幅度达56.1%。2种模具制备的合金固溶10 h后,Mg₅Gd相溶解、(Mg, Al)₃Gd相部分溶解、高熔点Al₂Gd相无变化,晶粒内析出层片状(Mg, Al)₂Gd新相,第二相总量趋于相等。固溶50 h后,(Mg, Al)₂Gd层片相回溶,残余(Mg, Al)₃Gd相发生熔断呈颗粒状,铜模制备的合金第二相颗粒比铁模的更细小。细晶强化和第二相强化使铜模制备的铸态合金性能较铁模制备的合金性能大幅提高,固溶10 h后合金屈服强度提升,伸长率基本不变。固溶处理50 h后,固溶强化、细晶强化和细小颗粒的第二相强化使铜模制备的固溶50 h态合金获得最优性能,屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别为141 MPa、234 MPa和22.4%。     

Effects of yttrium on recrystallization and grain growth of Mg-4.9Zn-0.7Zr alloy

Recrystallization and grain growth in Mg-4.9Zn-0.7Zr and Mg-4.9Zn-0.9Y-0.7Zr alloys as a function of temperature on deformation were investigated with regards to hot rolling and annealing. The influence of yttrium addition on the microstructure was examined by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, optical microscopy （OM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The results indicated that yttrium addition promoted nucleation of recrystallization during hot rolling process. The grain size of Mg-4.9Zn-0.7Zr alloy samples grew significantly with annealing temperature （300-400 ℃） and holding time （0-120 min）, while the microstructure of the alloy with yttrium addition remained unchanged and fine. The activation energy of grain boundary migration for Mg-4.9Zn-0.9Y-0.7Zr alloy samples （56.34 kJ/mol） was higher than that for Mg-4.9Zn-0.7Zr （42.66 kJ/mol） owing to the pinning effect of Y-containing particles. The proposed growth models of recrysta/lized grains for the two studied alloys conformed well to E. Robert＇s grain-growth equation. Besides, the ultimate strength and yield strength of the alloys with yttrium addition were improved with good plasticity.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Y-Nd-Zr alloys

The microstructure and tensile properties of the as-cast and solution treatment Mg-4.5Zn-1Y-xNd-0.5Zr (x=0, 1 wt.%, 2 wt.%, 3 wt.%) alloys were investigated. The results showed that the microstructure of Mg-4.5Zn-1Y-0.5Zr alloy consisted of α-Mg, Zn-Zr, W (Mg₃Y₂Zn₃) and I (Mg₃YZn₆) phases. With the addition of Nd, I-phase disappeared and Mg₃Y₂Zn₃ phase changed into Mg₃(Nd,Y)₂Zn₃ phase. When the content of Nd reached 3 wt.%, T phase, i.e., ternary Mg-Zn-Nd phase, formed. In addition, with the increase of Nd content in the alloys, the secondary dendritic arm spacing decreased, while the amount of intermetallic phases increased. For as-cast Mg-4.5Zn-1Y-xNd-0.5Zr alloys, after solution treatment, microsegregation was eliminated and the shape of eutectic structure of α-Mg+W transformed from lamellar into spherical. The tensile strength and elongation of Mg-4.5Zn-1Y- 3Nd-0.5Zr alloy were increased from 219.2 MPa and 11.0% to 247.5 MPa and 20.0%, respectively.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-xY-1.5MM-0.4Zr alloys

Age hardening,microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-xY-1.5MM-0.4Zr (x=0,2,4,6 wt.%) alloys (MM represents Ce-based misch-metal) were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the formed precipitates being responsible for age hardening changed from fine hexagonal-shaped equilibrium Mg12MM phase to metastable β’ phase with bco crystal structure when Y was added into Mg-1.5MM-0.4Zr alloy,and the volume fraction of precipitate phases also increased. With the increase of Y content in Mg-Y-1.5MM-0.4Zr alloys,it was found that the age hardening was enhanced,the grain sizes became finer and the tensile strength was improved. The cubic-shaped β-Mg24Y5 precipitate phases were observed at grain boundaries in Mg-6Y-1.5MM-0.4Zr alloy. It was suggested that the distribution of prismatic shaped β’ phases and cubic shaped β-Mg24Y5 precipitate phases in Mg matrix might account for the remarkable enhancement of tensile strength of Mg-Y-MM-Zr alloy. It was shown that the Mg-6Y-1.5MM-0.4Zr alloy was with maximum tensile strength at aged-peak hardness,UTS of 280 MPa at room temperature and 223 MPa at 250 oC,respectively.     

Effect of yttrium,calcium and zirconium on ignition-proof principle and mechanical properties of magnesium alloys

Good ignition-proof principle and mechanical properties were realized in Mg-Y-Ca-Zr alloy system.By adding Y and Ca elements,the ignition point of Mg-3.5Y-0.8Ca alloy was improved to over 1173 K,and the alloy could be melted in air without any protections.The ef-fect of Zr addition on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-3.5Y-0.8Ca alloys were investigated,and Mg-3.5%Y-0.8%Ca-0.4%Zr alloy had good comprehensive properties with tensile strength of 190 MPa and elongation of 11%.Auger electron spectros-copy(AES) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis revealed that the oxide film formed on the surface of Mg-3.5Y-0.8Ca alloy was mainly composed of Y2O3.Thermogravimetric measurements in dry air indicated that the oxidation dynamics curves measured at 773,873 and 973 K followed the cubic law.Moreover,the semiconductor characteristic of Y2O3 film and its effect on ignition-proof properties of Magnesium al-loys were discussed from the viewpoint of electrochemistry.     

Nd对Mg-11Li-3Al-2Zn-0.2Zr合金组织、力学性能及腐蚀行为的影响

研究稀土Nd对均匀化态Mg-11Li-3Al-2Zn-0.2Zr合金组织、力学性能及腐蚀行为的影响.通过真空感应熔炼制备镁锂合金铸锭, 经均匀化处理(280 ℃, 24 h)得到均匀化态Mg-11Li-3Al-2Zn-xNd-0.2Zr(x=0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5)合金.采用XRD和SEM分析合金的显微组织, 并对合金进行拉伸试验和断口分析.采用电化学法和析氢失重法研究合金在3.5 %NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为.结果表明:Mg-11Li-3Al-2Zn-0.2Zr合金主要含有β-Li、AlLi、MgLi₂Al相, Nd的加入使合金中形成NdAl3相.随着Nd含量的增加, 合金的强度和塑性呈先增大后降低的趋势. Mg-11Li-3Al-2Zn-1Nd-0.2Zr合金表现出较优的力学性能, 其抗拉强度和延伸率相对于Mg-11Li-3Al-2Zn-0.2Zr合金分别提高了28.8 %和51.3 %.稀土Nd的添加使合金的耐蚀性能提高.      

Effects of Alloying Elements on Creep Properties of Mg-Gd-Zr Alloys

The minimum creep rate and microstructures of aged samples of Mg-Gd-Zr alloys, with and without alloying additions of Zn and/or Y, have been investigated in the present work. The creep tests were performed at 523 K (250 °C) and under 80 to 120 MPa, and the microstructures before and after creep tests were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and the high-angle annular dark-field imaging technique. It is found that dislocation creep predominates in the steady-state creep stage for all alloys. The Mg-2.5Gd-0.1Zr (at. pct) alloy, strengthened by the β′ precipitates, has minimum creep rates in the range 1.0 × 10^?8 to 3.8 × 10^?8 s^?1 under 80 to 120 MPa. The addition of 1.0 at. pct Zn to the Mg-2.5Gd-0.1Zr alloy reduces the 0.2 pct proof strength and increases the minimum creep rate, resulting from the formation of γ′ basal plates at the expense of β′ precipitates. The replacement of 1.0 at. pct Gd by Y in the Mg-2.5Gd-1.0Zn-0.1Zr alloy leads to a substantial reduction in the minimum creep rate, even though it does not cause much change to the 0.2 pct proof strength. The reduced minimum creep rate is attributed to a much lower diffusivity of Y atoms than Gd in the solid magnesium matrix. An increase in the Gd content from Mg-1.5Gd-1.0Y-1.0Zn-0.1Zr to Mg-2.5Gd-1.0Y-1.0Zn-0.1Zr leads to a denser distribution of precipitates, a higher 0.2 pct proof strength, and a further reduction in the minimum creep rate.     

Evolution of microstructure and tensile properties of extruded Mg-4Zn-1Y alloy

In order to investigate the effect of extrusion on Mg-4Zn-1Y alloy, microstructure and mechanical properties were analyzed by optical microscopy（OM）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, energy dispersive spectrum（EDS） and tensile testing.The results indicated that the microstructure was obviously refined by extrusion and dynamic recrystallization.The second phases were dynamic precipitated and distributed more dispersively through extrusion.W-Phases（Mg3Zn3Y2） were twisted and broken, while I-Phases（Mg3Zn6Y） were spheroidized by deformation.Twin bands were formed to achieve the large deformation and hinder the slip of dislocations effectively to improve tensile properties.The tensile strength and elongation of extruded Mg-4Zn-1Y alloy were 254.94 MPa and 17.9% respectively which were improved greatly compared with those of as-cast alloy.The strengthening mechanisms of the extruded alloy were mainly fine-grain strengthening and distortion strengthening.     

The intergranular microstructure of cast Mg-Zn and Mg-Zn-rare earth alloys

The solidification path and microstructure of cast Mg-9Zn and Mg-8Zn-1.5MM (misch metal) alloys have been investigated by a combination of thermal analysis and analytical electron microscopy. The addition of 1.5 wt pct MM had a strong influence on the as-cast microstructure with the introduction of new “ternary” interdendritic phases and structural modification of known binary phases. The temperature ranges for formation of these phases from the melt were identified, their crystal structures determined, and their compositions analyzed. Products from eutectoidal decomposition of the interdendritic phase in the binary Mg-9Zn alloy were also identified.     

Microstructures and Properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr Alloys with Minor Scandium

The microstructures of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr al- loys with minor Sc were studied by using optical microscope（OM）, scanning electron microscope （SEM） and transmission electron microscope（TEM）. The tensile mechanical properties and electric conductivity of the studied alloys under different treatment conditions were tested. The results show that adding minor Sc can greatly fines the grain size of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy ingots and obviously improves the tensile properties and electric conductivity of the alloys. The strengthening mechanism is considered as fine grain strengthening, sub-structure strengthening and dispersion strengthening by Al3 （Sc, Zr）.     

Texture Evolution in Mg-Zn-Ca Alloy Sheets

Ca was added to Mg-1Zn and Mg-6Zn alloys to modify their texture, and the origin of texture modification by Ca addition has been investigated. It shows that Mg-1Zn-1Ca (ZX11) and Mg-6Zn-1Ca (ZX61) alloy sheets in the as-rolled condition show the textures having a splitting of basal poles toward the rolling direction and a splitting of basal poles toward the transverse direction, respectively. An analysis of the microstructure in the as-rolled condition shows that two different types of twins become active during rolling, double twins for ZX11 and tension twins for ZX61, suggesting that double twinning and tension twinning promote a splitting of basal poles toward the rolling direction (ZX11) and transverse direction (ZX61), respectively. On the other hand, after annealing, both alloy sheets show a weakened texture characterized by a splitting of basal poles toward the transverse direction. During annealing, the growth of tension twin-oriented grains occurs, resulting in the texture having a splitting of basal poles toward the transverse direction in both alloys. These alloys show not only higher yield strength but also better stretch formability than Al 5052 alloy, showing their potential as highly formable Mg sheet alloys.