喷雾推进冷却塔在炼钢氧枪冷却水系统的应用

介绍了喷雾推进通风冷却塔在济钢一炼钢厂氧枪冷却水循环系统中的应用。运行情况表明:较之传统的机械通风冷却塔,喷雾塔具有冷却效果好,节能效益显著,一次性投资省,运行维护可靠方便的优点。该塔在同类型企业中具有广泛的应用前景。     

Response of a Tropical Reservoir to Bubbler Destratification

A one-dimensional reservoir-bubbler model has been developed to examine the mixing and the change in dissolved oxygen pattern induced by bubbler operation in a stratified reservoir. The reservoir-bubbler model is applied to a tropical reservoir, the Upper Peirce Reservoir, Singapore. For this tropical reservoir with low wind speeds, it is found that bubbler operation dominates oxygen transfer into the reservoir water rather than oxygen transfer from all other sources, including surface reaeration. It is illustrated that selection of airflow rate per diffuser, air bubble radius, and total number of diffusers are important criteria in bubbler designs. Higher dissolved oxygen levels in reservoirs are obtained by increasing the bubbler airflow rate that is associated with lower mechanical efficiency (ηmech) than optimal ηmech of the bubbler. Determining an appropriate airflow rate is shown to be a tradeoff between increased dissolved oxygen levels and increased operating costs as airflow rate increases. When the reservoir is close to well mixed, the water quality is usually reasonably good but the bubbler operates at a very low ηmech—thus the bubbler should be turned off.     

System Dynamics Modeling of Reservoir Operations for Flood Management

There exists a strong need to explore simulation techniques that not only represent complex dynamic systems in a realistic way but also allow the involvement of end users in model development to increase their confidence in the modeling process. System dynamics, a feedback-based object-oriented simulation approach, is presented for modeling reservoir operations. The increased speed of model development, the trust developed in the model due to user participation, the possibility of group model development, and the effective communication of model results are main strengths of this approach. The ease of model modification in response to changes in the system and the ability to perform sensitivity analysis make this approach more attractive compared with systems analysis techniques for modeling reservoir operations. The proposed approach is applied to the Shellmouth reservoir on the Assiniboine River in Canada. Operating rules are developed for high flow∕flood years to minimize flooding. Alternative operating rules are explored by changing reservoir storage allocation and reservoir outflows. Impacts on the flood management capacity of the reservoir are investigated by simulating a gated spillway in addition to an existing unregulated spillway. Sensitivity analysis is performed on the reservoir levels at the start of the flood season and the outflow from the reservoir.     

水轮机替代电机驱动冷却塔风机的节能分析

介绍了水轮机替代电机驱动冷却塔风机的改造原理及内容,从节能效率、运行维护等方面对比分析了水轮机驱动和电机驱动的优势,指出水轮机替代电机驱动冷却塔风机更符合我国低碳环保的节能要求,是今后冷却塔节能技术改造趋势。     

天铁集团焦化厂冷却塔节能技术改造

为了节约能源,天铁集团焦化厂对冷却塔进行改造,将焦化厂鼓冷工段水系统凉水架由电机驱动风扇冷却降温改为水轮机,冷却效果良好,提高了设备的安全性能,有效地节约了能源,实现了能源的回收再利用,取得了较高的经济效益。     

Modeling,Simulation, and Validation with Measurements of a Heat Recovery Hot Gas Cooling Line for Electric Arc Furnaces

Waste heat recovery has a high potential for increasing the efficiency and sustainability of electric arc furnaces. In the present work, a dynamic model of a water cooled hot gas line is presented and validated with measurements of a newly installed electric arc furnace (EAF) with a waste heat recovery system. Due to necessary reconstruction work of the EAF, the cooling pass is upgraded to a heat recovery hot gas line. With hot water from the hot gas line saturated steam can be produced and fed into the existing steam net. The heart of the system is the water cooled hot gas line which is responsible for sufficient hot gas cooling on the one hand and adequate hot water generation for the steam generators on the other hand. The water cooled hot gas line is modeled in the commercial simulation software APROS and validated with measurements of the performance test during commissioning of the heat recovery plant. The simulation results are showing an excellent agreement to the measurements. The results embody that the model is both very reliable to estimate the transient behavior of the hot gas line and able to predict the operational process conditions.     

全低压制氧机下塔压力的控制与节能

全低压制氧机能耗主要表现在下塔压力上，影响下塔压力的因素很多，通过计算机多元线性回归，提供了对下塔压力控制的定量关系，并提出了一些其它节能措施．     

济钢焦化厂低温冷却水系运行方法及改进措施

介绍了济钢焦化厂低温冷却水系的运行方法。通过工艺改进,以及对蒸汽压力、冷却水温度、真空度、水质稳定等影响制冷机制冷量的因素进行分析,实现了夏季制冷机的单机运行,并充分利用了现有冷源,既降低了制冷机的运行费用,又保证了生产的正常进行。     

PI系统工具在生产数据管理上的应用分析

介绍了空分设备电单耗计算时存在的问题,分析了PI实时数据库系统对厂生产数据管理上所起的作用,将PI-DataLink技术应用于生产数据的采集读取工作,介绍了该应用的思路、实现过程和实际应用情况,表明该应用具有极强的可操作性和实用性,并能大大提高工作效率。     

Operations Benchmarking in the Fluidized Bed Power Generation Industry

The writers analyzed data from a fluidized bed boiler survey distributed during 2001 in order to develop atmospheric fluidized bed combustion (AFBC) performance benchmarks relating to the year 2000 operating data. The benchmarks pertained to technical, operating, and environmental issues. The survey respondents principally use AFBC technology in steam and power plants ranging in size from a few megawatts (MW) to several hundred MW in size. The findings of our study, displayed according to the plant size and fuel type, will inform AFBC owners and operators of contemporary concerns and issues in the industry, and help them improve decision making in the industry with respect to current and future plant startups and ongoing operations.     

天钢炼钢厂VD精炼炉蒸汽系统改造分析研究

针对天然气18t/h蒸汽锅炉出现故障时影响VD精炼炉正常生产的问题,进行了技术分析,对炼钢厂110tVD精炼炉的蒸汽供给系统进行了改造,通过设置自动的排水装置、增加扩容式汽水分离器装置和加装管道电加热器、将切换的系统阀门设置成电动阀门等措施,解决了余热蒸汽完全脱水问题,使炼钢厂转炉烟罩汽化冷却系统余热锅炉自产蒸汽完全能满足VD精炼炉的用汽需求,可节约天然气蒸汽锅炉运行费用,经济效益巨大。     

万立制氧机组增加氮气产量实践

在分子筛流程中,为了将制氧机组中空气预冷系统水冷塔的氮气替换出来并送入管网,采取了增设水冷机组冷却经污氮冷却的低温水的措施。采取措施后,出塔水温在不使用氮气的条件下达到了设计要求,满足了生产工艺条件,从而增加了氮气产量。     

Removal of TDS from Cooling Tower Water by Using EDTA-Modified Bagasse Fibers

Modified by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) salts and unmodified bagasse fibers were tested for the removal of total dissolved solids (TDSs) from cooling tower water. Parameters such as hydrogen ion concentration (pH), particle size of bagasse fibers, and the concentrations of adsorbent and adsorbate were studied to optimize the conditions to be applied on a commercial scale for the decontamination of effluents of cooling tower water. The optimum pH for TDS removal was between 6 and 6.5. The efficiency of TDS removal increased when the size of fiber particles decreased (100?μm) and when the concentration of EDTA salt increased to reach 78 mg/g of modified bagasse fibers. The adsorption parameters were determined using both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The preferential mechanisms for the retention of TDSs are a complexation process between the TDSs and chemical functions present on the surface of fibers, and the chelation process with the EDTA attached to the fibers. The results obtained could be valuable for application to cooling tower water treatment and for the softening of hard drinking water.     

热电联产汽轮机在热电厂中的节能应用

以包钢热电厂应用热电联产机组——汽动给水泵给锅炉供水作为一个事例。分析了热电联产在企业开展节能的一些可行性措施;阐述了热电联产在企业的节能潜力。     

Modeling and Control of Oxygen Transfer in High Purity Oxygen Activated Sludge Process

A dynamic mathematical model for the high purity oxygen activated sludge process, which incorporates structured biomass, gas–liquid interactions and control systems, was developed. The model was calibrated using pilot plant data associated with the development of the West Point Treatment Plant near Seattle, Wash. The calibrated model was used to simulate oxygen transfer rates for various operating conditions. Simulations showed that an optimal control system can reduce aerator power by 33% as compared to a conventional design, and reduce average oxygen feed gas by as much as 18%. Vent gas purity control dramatically reduced the peak aerator horsepower required to maintain set point dissolved oxygen concentration during high loadings. Step feed operation reduced the stag-to-stage variation in aerator horsepower and also reduced the required peak power. Predicted power savings for a 605,000?m3/day plant were $500,000 per year at current power costs.     

KDON-20000/40000型制氧机组空气预冷系统低温结晶对策

介绍了KDON-20000/40000型制氧机组空气预冷系统低温结晶出现的现象,分析了原因,采用蒸汽加温水洗、药剂清洗及氮气加温水洗的方法清除了结晶物,同时提出水冷塔补充新水改造方案,解决了低温结晶问题。     

冷却系统在铜炉渣缓冷工艺中的应用

介绍了铜炉渣的缓冷工艺特点、影响因素及缓冷效果的衡量标准;简述了冷却系统的工艺流程和工作原理;描述了冷却塔的工作机理、结构组成和在冷却系统中的作用;通过对冷却系统扩建前后炉渣缓冷效果进行的对比实验,进一步论证了冷却系统对炉渣缓冷及浮选指标的影响     

JL/EC蒸发空冷器在钢铁厂应用的节能效益分析

介绍了JL/EC蒸发空冷器的结构,原理与特点及在冶金行业的应用。并以马钢一能源连铸结晶器为例,对JL/EC蒸发空冷器代替板式换热器加开式冷却塔系统的节能效益加以分析。     

太钢一钢厂电炉吹氧工艺优化

对太钢一钢厂电炉吹氧工艺优化进行了阐述和研究。研究结果表明:电炉铁水热装比例扩大达到85%左右的条件下,优化吹氧工艺,借鉴转炉炼钢方法,采用顶吹氧工艺冶炼,不仅产品种质量保持稳定,而且主要技术消耗指标得到了较大提升。     

蒸发冷却塔的设计和应用分析

高温烟气冷却设备有多种,蒸发冷却塔作为干式冷却设备,它通过向塔内喷入按一定比例混合的气水混合物颗粒,利用水的汽化潜热将烟气温度迅速降低,同时也降低了烟气的含尘浓度和粉尘比电阻,而且没有污水等二次污染问题.