火电厂节水技术探讨

火力发电厂是耗水大户，随着水资源的日渐匮乏及环保法律的日趋严格，合理利用水资源，提高水的重复利用率，已成为火电厂面临的紧迫任务。在对厦门嵩屿电厂节水工作进行介绍的基础上，提出火电厂可采用的节水管理措施与技术改进措施，可为其他电厂的节水工作及水务管理工作提供借鉴。     

火力发电厂水源替换及节水改造案例分析

某火力发电厂生产用水由地下水替换为城市再生水,需要对再生水进行深度处理。分析主要超标污染物组成,确定再生水处理需要采用生化、石灰软化、过滤和污泥处置4个工艺段。通过节水改造,电厂发电水耗率由0.84 m~3/(MW·h)下降到0.56 m~3/(MW·h),废水回用率提高到96.22%,排放水率下降到1.78%。     

回收RO浓排水和煤矿井排水用于循环冷却水

通过回收反渗透浓排水和煤矿井排水用于电厂循环冷却水补充水的la运行结果，介绍了完全使用工业排水作为循环冷却水，并在较高的浓缩倍率下安全、稳定运行的循环水处理方式和运行控制方法的实际经验。依据改造运行la后的节水和运行成本表明，实施该项节水技术改造后，电厂的生产成本明显降低，具有显著的经济效益和社会效益。并提出进一步挖掘节水潜能的可能性。     

纳滤膜处理火力发电厂循环冷却排污水的探讨

对纳滤膜技术处理火力发电厂循环冷却排污水做了简要介绍。纳滤可有效地去除循环冷却排污水中的悬浮物和总硬度，降低含盐量，其中总溶解性固体和总硬度的去除率达到90％以上，含盐量去除率达到80％以上，处理后扣水质符合工业用水和循环水补充用水的水质要求。纳滤膜处理循环冷却排污水在技术上是可行的，处理后的水可回用于电厂补给水系统，可以大大减少火力发电厂的耗水量和工业废水排放量，达到节水和“零”排放的目的。     

电厂循环冷却水处理技术研究与应用进展

电厂循环冷却系统作为最有节水潜力的部门,其循环冷却水的处理是实现电厂节水减排的关键。基于此,从提高循环浓缩倍率和排污水回用两方面综述电厂循环冷却水研究进展,对提高循环冷却水浓缩倍率方法和其排污水的脱盐技术进行归纳,分析了现有技术的优缺点、应用现状和相关实验研究进展。并对技术发展方向进行了展望：研发抗污染、通量大的膜材料,更高效的预处理过程,绿色高效的电化学技术以及不同技术的组合优化将是电厂循环冷却排污水处理的研究方向。     

再生循环水网络设计在火电厂的应用

为解决水网络集成优化方法在火电厂水网络优化应用中存在的问题，该研究对杂质的传递过程进行了扩展，使用移质推动描述杂质负荷单元用水过程，以及用最大移质能力及移除率描述再生过程，并通过邻接矩阵描述网络单元间的连接关系，从而构建再生循环水网络模型；对3300 MW火电厂进行模型应用研究，将案例水网络划分为9个用水子系统，等效拆分为11个用水单元并对移质单元构建浓度修正模型从而实现最大移质过程，选取Cl^-、总悬浮固体(SS)、SO₄^2-三个杂质指标进行节水优化应用，通过对该优化问题KKT条件进行求解从而实现模型的简化，优化后水网络新鲜水取用量减少6.7%、排污量减少62.9%。通过案例研究表明，构建的基于“供-用-耗-排”过程的再生循环水网络模型是成功的，可实现火电厂多杂质指标、复杂系统考虑再生循环的水网络节水优化设计，解决了水网络集成优化方法在火电厂应用中单元间回用过程描述不够准确以及再生单元描述不适用于节水改造情景的问题。     

火力发电厂凝结水精处理系统运行问题分析及改造优化

凝结水精处理设备的安全、稳定运行对于火力发电厂水汽品质具有较大影响。笔者针对国内火电厂凝结水精处理系统出现的问题进行了阐述,同时以多个电厂精处理设备优化改造为背景,介绍了树脂输送方法、高速混床布水装置以及可视化树脂再生控制等优化手段,为国内凝结水精处理设备改造提供了技术支撑。     

节水减排的过程系统工程方法

论述了节水减排的重要意义及我国当前存在的问题,指出进行炼油化工企业节水减排的途径是:水平衡测试-水网络系统集成优化-污水深度处理回用.其中水网络系统集成优化的过程系统工程方法有两大类:水夹点分析法和数学规划方法.介绍了2种方法的基本概念及应用效果.     

水系统逐层优化法在煤制甲醇中的应用

从工程实际出发,结合水夹点优化技术,应用水系统逐层优化法对某煤制甲醇工厂用水进行节水潜力分析.结果表明,在不添加设备的情况下,可节约新鲜水54t/h,降低废水排放54t/h.若增加浓水回收反渗透设备,则可减少新鲜水用量和降低废水排放各159t/h.水系统逐层优化法尤其适用于现有工艺用水网络改造优化.     

某电厂全厂水平衡测试方案浅析

对于进行过脱硫、脱硝、废水排放等改造的电厂,机组长时间运行后全厂用水情况与建厂初期已经发生了明显变化。本文提出利用超声波流量测量技术进行全厂水平衡测试统计工作的方案,为全厂制定合理的节水措施提供了可靠的依据。该方案可为需要重新进行电厂水平衡的测试的电厂提供了一套整体方案。     

火力发电厂水平衡测试及节水分析

为查清全厂用水现状,确定各用水系统之间用水量的定量关系及全厂各用水系统的合理用水量,对某火力发电厂4×600 MW超临界机组的取水、用水、排水、耗水进行了测定,根据测试结果进行水平衡计算和用水状况分析,提出电厂节水和综合利用的建议.结果表明,该厂地下管网泄漏严重,并且废水回收、处理系统管理维护存在不足,理论上在现取水总...     

Simulation and optimization of multi effect desalination coupled to a gas turbine plant with HRSG consideration

There are a large number of gas turbine power plants in the south of Iran that could be exploited to produce fresh water and overcome water shortage. In order to combine gas turbine power plant and thermal desalination, heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) is required for producing steam. Few papers in literature have investigated this combination and none of them has considered HRSG in their studies. Thus, in this paper, multi-effect evaporation thermal vapor compression desalination (ME-TVC) is coupled to gas turbine plant through HRSG. After performing a thorough thermoecnomic analysis, an optimization study is done in view of three approaches. The first and second approaches are single objective optimizations, which utilize two heuristic algorithms, namely, genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The first approach is a global optimization problem, which completely optimize the combined system. The second one, as an innovative method, is a local optimization approach, which optimize HRSG and ME-TVC in two separate stages while the third approach is a multi objective optimization. Eventually, the results of the first and second approaches show that the minimum amount of objective function achieved by PSO is better, although the third approach presents a system with higher productivity.     

Low temperature reject heat utilization for desalination; Economical and technical aspects

The economics of medium and large sized (1'000…10'000 m³/d) MSF/ME plants which utilize reject heat at temperatures between 50…90 °C is investigated.It is shown that for a cogeneration plant based on the Rankine cycle in combination with an evaporative desalination plant, there exists a steam condensation temperature (60…80 °C) below which the water production of the cogeneration plant is higher than the production of a power equivalent reverse osmosis plant. Power equivalent means, that the reverse osmosis plant would utilize the electricity otherwise lost when the same Rankine cycle is operated at higher condenser temperature. In spite of the higher investment costs for the evaporative plant, the specific water costs are lower than those for the power equivalent RO plant. Using a Rankine cycle for cogeneration, optimization of reject heat temperature levels is therefore crucial for obtaining economically favourable conditions.Further it is shown, that for todays and assumed future electricity rates and oil prices, the MSF/ME when powered by diesel reject heat produces cheaper water than RO or VC plants. It is necessary however, that the MSF/ME can cope with the inevitable load variations of the diesel power station. Our companys contribution in this field is briefly described.     

垃圾焚烧发电厂给排水设计概述

详细介绍了生活垃圾焚烧发电厂的给水系统、排水系统和污废水处理系统的设计要点,同时为实现污水全部回用的目标,在工程设计中加强了水务管理设计,降低用水指标,并采取了一系列节水措施,取得了良好的节水效果.     

Application of water system optimization in a titanium pigment plant ——Mathematical programming

钛白粉行业是化工行业中的耗水大户,具有较大的节水潜力。本文在对某钛白粉厂水系统现状进行调研的基础上,采用数学规划法,分别从废水直接回用和再生循环两方面对其水系统进行优化设计,结果表明,改造后的两种水系统均比改造前节约新鲜水用量40.0%,并且废水直接回用更加适合钛白粉行业开展节水工作。     

Analysis of water and power costs by various methods,based on Jeddah IV

The Jeddah IV Power and Desalination Plant is the biggest, dual-purpose plant in the world. Moreover, it is perhaps the first plant of this kind for which authentic cost and operational data are available. As such, it provides a reliable means of assessing the present status of desalination technology and its influence on the cost of power and water.The well-known theoretical methods of cost allocation are used in deriving the product cost from the Jeddah IV plant. The influence of local factors and contractual constraints is discussed. Extrapolations are made to determine the projected cost of water on similar plants but with different performance ratios. Recommendations are made on cost optimization and the most favourable combination for dual-purpose power/desalination plants based on steam turbines and MSF process.     

关于水处理节能的研究

水处理是火力发电厂十分重要的一个环节,水处理的优劣对火力发电厂的安全、经济运行具有重要影响。本文根据个人经验,对水处理存在的问题及解决的方案进行肤浅的剖析,目的是与同行共同研究水处理系统最优化的一些思路,探讨节能、环保、降成本的可能性。     

广饶县城市水资源利用现状分析与对策

提高城市水资源利用率和利用效率,是实行最严格水资源管理和保障社会经济可持续发展的要求.针对广饶县地下水过度开发利用、非常规水资源利用率低和管网漏损率高等问题,通过对当地现状水资源量、用水结构和用水现状调研分析,提出加快工业水源转换和再生水厂建设、提高雨水资源化利用率和持续改造城区供水管网等对策.通过分析计算,广饶县节水...     

Optimization of integrated cogeneration power plant and desalination plant systems for a range of power and water supply requirements

Comparative economic analysis is presented which shows necessity of integrated power and desalination plants optimization rather than separate optimization of power generating and desalination units. This paper introduces:- Calculational procedure and resulting curves for cogeneration plant selection for a range of power and steam demands.- Conceptual procedure for integrated power plant and desalination plant system optimization.- Results of comparative economic analysis of integrated power/ desalination plant optimization as compared with separate power plant and desalination plant optimization.