共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 218 毫秒
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为提高水焦浆的稳定性,采用A、B两种稳定剂制备水焦浆,考察对比了2种稳定剂对水焦浆的表观黏度和析水率的影响。结果表明,A物质的添加量为0.3%时,随着浓度的增加,流动性逐渐变差,表观黏度上升,由873 m Pa·s增至1 039 m Pa·s,析水率由11.61%降至8.57%。B物质的添加量为0.3%时,随着浓度的增加,流动性逐渐变差,表观黏度由891 m Pa·s增至1 187 m Pa·s,析水率逐渐下降,由6.30%降至3.45%。2种添加剂均可提高水焦浆的稳定性。随着2种稳定剂添加量的增加,水焦浆黏度有所增加,析水率逐渐降低,即稳定性增加。添加0.3%的B物质时浆体的黏度低于添加0.6%的A物质的水焦浆黏度,而浆体的析水率也优于添加0.6%的A物质水焦浆的析水率,因此B物质对稳定性的提升效果要优于A物质。 相似文献
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《水处理技术》2016,(7)
根据压裂返排液具有聚合物、有机物、悬浮物(SS)含量高,且高黏度、高色度,处理难度大等特点,采用"旋流气浮-多效催化氧化-M B R"处理工艺进行中试研究。结果表明,旋流气浮在不加絮凝剂条件下,对石油类的去除率可达到83%以上;多效催化氧化可有效降低废水黏度,当进水黏度1.25~1.5 m Pa·s时,出水黏度降至1 m Pa·s,与工业新水相同,不再具有黏性,同时对SS的去除率可达到98%,且抗冲击负荷能力强;当处理系统进水石油类、SS的质量浓度分别为68~1 27、596~1 531 mg/L时,处理后出水石油类、SS的质量浓度分别稳定在小于3、小于2 mg/L,达到设计要求。将压裂返排液处理后回用作复配压裂液,不仅解决了环境问题,同时又节约了水资源。 相似文献
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高浓度聚酯树脂生产废水是一种典型的高浓度难降解有机废水,难以直接利用生化工艺处理。采用“Fenton+气浮+水解酸化+高密度曝气生物流化池(MABFT)”联合处理工艺对聚酯树脂生产废水进行处理,并考察各工艺对COD的去除效果。结果表明,对于平均COD为34 418 mg/L的生产废水,经“Fenton+气浮”预处理后,平均出水COD为22 501 mg/L,B/C由0.11提升至0.28;将预处理出水与生活污水混合后,平均COD降至8 160 mg/L;混合废水进入“水解酸化+MABFT”生化处理系统,经生化系统处理后,平均出水COD为372 mg/L,能够稳定小于排放要求的500 mg/L,达到并优于《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)的三级纳管标准。COD整体去除率达到98.8%,其中生化段COD去除率达95.4%。该联合处理工艺具有一定工程应用价值,可为高浓度聚酯树脂生产废水的达标排放提供参考。 相似文献
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为解决油田三元驱采出水的回注问题,采用特种产酸酵母预处理与活性污泥的水解酸化—MBR组合工艺对采出水进行处理。结果表明,在酵母菌污泥质量浓度(MLSS)为5 000 mg/L、外加碳源1.5 g/L、反应时间3 h的条件下,酵母菌预处理效果最佳;当进水COD为1 710 mg/L、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)为92 mg/L、含油74 mg/L时,处理系统对废水COD、PAM及油的去除率分别达到76.4%、95.0%、89.1%,中位粒径稳定在0.14μm,悬浮物降至1.2 mg/L;出水可达到SY/T 5329—2012中的渗透层注水标准。 相似文献
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马来酸酐改性蓖麻油制备耐光性聚氨酯复鞣剂——乳液性能研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用马来酸酐改性蓖麻油(MCO)合成了一系列不同组成的耐光性聚氨酯复鞣剂水乳液(MC-PUR),研究了复鞣剂中—COOH质量分数、n(NCO)/n(OH)、m(MCO)/m(PEG1000)对乳液电导率、黏度、临界聚沉值(CC.C)、耐酸稳定性的影响。结果表明,随—COOH质量分数从3%增大到7%,电导率从1 556μs/cm增大到3 435μs/cm,黏度先从168 mPa.s增大到224 mPa.s,后又降低到85 mPa.s,当w(—COOH)=5%时,黏度达到最大值;随n(NCO)/n(OH)从0.5增大到0.9,电导率从2 943μs/cm降到2 464μs/cm,黏度从428 m Pa.s降到224 mPa.s;随m(MCO)∶m(PEG1000)从1∶1增大到3∶0,黏度从224 mPa.s降到67 mPa.s;CC.C随—COOH质量分数增加和m(MCO)/m(PEG1000)增大而降低;耐酸稳定性结果证明,当w(—COOH)=3%~5%,m(MCO)∶m(PEG1000)=1∶1,n(NCO)/n(OH)=0.5~0.9时,MC-PUR适用于皮革复鞣工序。 相似文献
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无机盐,混合碱NaOH、Na2CO3,阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES),聚合物聚丙烯酰胺(PAM),经过混合组成多元驱。通过实验探讨了该多元驱中各个组分的用量对油水界面张力和稠油黏度的影响,优化了该多元驱中各个组分的含量。实验得出,无机盐的加入可以显著地降低界面张力和稠油黏度。当多元驱中无机盐、混合碱和表面活性剂的质量分数分别为51.87%,40.17%,6.99%,聚合物质量浓度为800 mg/L,配成质量分数为1%的水溶液,加热到50℃,油水质量比7∶3混合后,可使新疆克拉玛依地区红浅稠油黏度从23690 mPa.s降到84.83 mPa.s,降黏率达到99.64%,体系界面张力达到0.07499mN/m。室内评价表明,该多元驱可使新疆克拉玛依地区9#红浅稠油降黏率达到92%。多元驱中无机盐的质量分数超过50%,大大降低了成本。 相似文献
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The preparation of single-phase toluene/sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate(AOT)/water/acrylamide/sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) inverse microemulsions is described and their properties prior to polymerization (macroviscosity as a function of volume fraction Φaw of the dispersed aqueous (water + acrylamide(AAm) + SDS) phase, and of SDS/AAm mass ratio) are studied. At 20°C three viscosity maxima are observed. At 50°C all three peaks remain, the viscosity of the first and third peak, respectively, is lowered to 5–8 mPa· s while the second, most prominent peak still marks the level of ca. 250 mPa· s. The polymerization of acrylamide in dispersion systems is initiated by water-soluble ammonium peroxodisulfate (APS) and oilsoluble dibenzoyl peroxide (DBP) at 60°C. The polymerization rate of acrylamide for a given [toluene]/[AOT] molar ratio and AAm/water mass ratio monotonically decreases for Φaw values greater than 20%. The polyacrylamide viscosity molecular mass increases up to a Φaw value of ca. 30%, irrespective of the nature of initiator. For Φaw values over 30% the viscosity molecular mass of polyacrylamide seems to level off with some sings of shallow minimum close to Φaw of 50%. 相似文献
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The effect of addition of lignosulfonates on the viscosity of petroleum sulfonate solutions was investigated in relation to potential applications of such mixtures in enhanced oil recovery. Substantial viscosity increases were recorded. For example, the viscosity of a 4% solution of Petrostep-420 increased from 2 mPa·s to about 15mPa·s upon the addition of 1.5% of Marasperse C-21. The effect of sodium chloride concentration on the viscosity was also studied. It was found that only calcium, or mixed calcium-sodium based lignosulfonates, were effective in increasing the viscosity of petroleum sulfonates. The viscosity effects observed are discussed in reference to the phase behavior observed in the systems. 相似文献
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尿素对木质素酚醛树脂胶粘剂性能的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
考察了尿素对木质素酚醛树脂(LPF)胶粘剂性能的影响,结果表明,在LPF胶粘剂中加入质量分数2%~3%(以总溶液质量为基准,下同)尿素后,胶粘性能明显提高,胶粘强度由2.02 MPa提高到2.21 MPa,游离甲醛质量分数由0.16%降至0.05%,黏度由858 mPa.s降低至306 mPa.s。红外光谱分析表明,尿素与LPF胶粘剂中的游离甲醛反应生成了脲醛树脂,在固化过程中脲醛树脂的羟基与LPF胶粘剂的羟基发生缩合反应,提高了LPF胶粘剂的胶粘强度。 相似文献
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以丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酸(AA)、N,N-二辛基甲基丙烯酰胺(DLMB)和3-(2-甲基丙烯酰胺丙基二甲胺基)丙磺酸盐(MDPS)为单体,通过自由基共聚,制备了一种含孪尾结构的两性离子共聚物驱油剂(AADM)。对共聚物进行了红外、核磁表征并确认了其结构,热重实验分析了热稳定性,并与部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)进行了对比,考察了该共聚物的增黏性、水溶性、抗老化、剪切稀释性、剪切恢复性和耐温抗盐性。结果表明,共聚物AADM具有优异的水溶性和增黏性,在2000 mg/L的质量浓度下可使表观黏度达到466.5 mPa·s;在510s–1的剪切速率下,其表观黏度为60.4 mPa·s;在120℃下,其表观黏度能够达到182.6 mPa·s;在经过30 d的老化实验后其表观黏度为94.6 mPa·s;在15000 mg/L NaCl、2000 mg/L MgCl_2和2000 mg/L CaCl_2溶液中,该共聚物的表观黏度分别为77.8、72.4和68.6 mPa·s。在岩心驱替实验中,共聚物溶液能够将采收率提高7.72%。以上实验结果均优于相同条件下的HPAM,这是因为孪尾结构的引入有效地增强了共聚物的疏水缔合能力,两性离子单体的引入削弱了分子链对盐的敏感度。 相似文献
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Production of Saponin Biosurfactant from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Glycyrrhiza glabra</Emphasis> as an Agent for Upgrading Heavy Crude Oil
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Reza Hajimohammadi Morteza Hosseini Hossein Amani Ghasem Darzi Najafpour 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2016,19(6):1251-1261
Saponins are the main group of phytogenic biosurfactants extracted from plants. One of the significant applications of these compounds is upgrading and viscosity reduction of heavy crude oil water in oil (W/O) emulsions. In this research, use of saponin extracted from Glycyrrhiza glabra was investigated for viscosity reduction of heavy crude oil and upgrading its API properties. The extracted saponin was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Phase behavior analysis demonstrated a reduction in initial viscosity and improved API gravity of the heavy oil from 2350 mPa·s and 19 to 900 mPa·s and 27, respectively. In addition, the emulsification index (E 24) was found to be 98 % at a saponin concentration of 8 % w/v. It was observed that the emulsions were stable in the pH range of 5.5–13, temperature from 30 to 80 °C and salinity up to 6 % w/v of NaCl solution. Average diameter of W/O droplets evaluated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) were in the range of 10–15 µm. The results obtained from the present research revealed that the extracted saponin improved the physical characteristics of heavy crude oil. We propose the use of saponin as a potential alternative to conventional emulsifiers for upgrading heavy crude oil in petroleum industry. 相似文献
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以丁基苯乙烯(BS)为疏水单体,采用自由基胶束聚合法合成了丙烯酰胺(AM)/丁基苯乙烯(BS)疏水缔合水溶性共聚物(PSAM),来解决该类聚合物热稳定性较差的难题。研究得到了适宜的反应条件:n(K2S2O8)∶n(Na2SO3)=3∶1,引发剂和BS相对于单体总量的摩尔分数分别为0.06%和1.45%,总单体在水里的质量分数为20%,SDS在水里的质量分数为5.5%,pH=6~7,反应温度50℃。采用该反应条件得到PSAM的临界缔合质量浓度为1 g/L,对应的水溶液表观黏度为21 mPa.s;质量浓度为2 g/L时,对应的水溶液表观黏度为78 mPa.s;质量浓度为1 g/L和2 g/L的PSAM在浓度为0.137 mol/L的NaC l水溶液中,于80℃老化120 d后的表观黏度分别为11.8 mPa.s和49.3 mPa.s,黏度保留率分别为42.1%和45.1%。通过元素分析、UV、FTIR表征了PSAM的分子结构;DSC分析表明PSAM为嵌段共聚物,两个玻璃化转变温度分别为BS链段的106℃和丙烯酰胺链段的203℃。 相似文献
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以聚表剂驱采出水为研究对象,开展了水质特性分析及现场水处理试验研究。研究结果表明:采出水中聚表剂质量浓度在312~656 mg/L之间,粘度在1.2~2.4 m Pa·s之间,Zeta电位在-27.0~-22.0 m V之间,粒径小于或等于10.0μm的油珠占35%以上;其油水分离难于聚驱采出水,静置沉降16 h后,水中油的质量浓度降至100 mg/L以下。传统的连续流两级沉降除油工艺累计运行24 h,出水中油的平均质量浓度为107.9 mg/L;序批流沉降除油工艺能够实现累计运行22 h内出水油的质量浓度在96 mg/L以下,处理效果优于传统的连续流两级沉降工艺。 相似文献