在微乳介质中测定水样中硅的新方法

研究了在非离子O／W型微乳液OP／n-C5H11OH／n-C7H16／H2O中用结晶紫-硅钼杂多酸分光光度法测定水样中的硅。结果表明，与相同含量胶束体系比较，微乳液体系中测定灵敏度提高了30％．硅含量在0～7μg／50mL范围内符合朗伯比耳定律．加标回收率在100％～105％，测定准确、方便。     

咪唑类离子液体在微乳液中的应用

阐述了离子液体的定义、种类和性质,介绍了离子液体中形成有序分子组合体（包括液晶、胶束、囊泡和微乳液）的研究进展。综述了咪唑类离子液体作为极性、非极性和表面活性剂组分,分别取代微乳液体系中的极性、非极性和表面活性剂组分,形成油包离子液体（ILs／O）、离子液体包油（O／ILs）和双连续的新型微乳液体系的研究进展。     

含离子液体的复配表面活性剂微乳液的电导性质

研究了CTAB和TritionX-100复配表面活性剂在氯仿作为溶剂时,增溶离子液体bmimBF(IL)时所形成非水微乳液的电导性质,并且与含水体系的微乳液作了比较,发现两者存在较大的差别.在非水微乳液中,随着离子液体质量分数的增加,体系经历了IL/O型微乳液、双连续相、O/IL微乳液三种状态,并且采用循环伏安法对此结论进行了验证.两种表面活性剂复配后,在IL/O型微乳液阶段电导率随着CTAB的摩尔分数(α)增大而增大,在双连续相和O/IL微乳液阶段,体系的电导率随着α增大而减小.在含水微乳液中,只出现O/W型微乳液,而且随着增溶水质量分数的增加电导率下降.增溶水量一定的情况下,电导率随着α值增大而增大.     

超高压环境下离子液体微乳液预处理对水稻秸秆的影响

以水稻秸秆为原料,对比了中低温条件下单独超高压（UHP）、单独离子液体微乳液（ILM）和超高压环境下离子液体微乳液（ILM+UHP）3种预处理方法,系统分析了预处理前后样品的化学组成、晶体结构、表面形貌以及酶水解的变化规律。结果表明,采用1-乙基-3甲基咪唑醋酸盐/环己烷/TX-100/正丁醇微乳液处理水稻秸秆,在压强为500 MPa、温度为50℃下处理4 h后,样品中木质素去除率为61.5%,纤维素结晶度指数下降17.3%,微观表面粗糙多孔,酶水解48 h的还原糖产率达75.3%。     

季铵盐离子液体微乳液体系的相行为和理化特性研究

离子液体微乳液具有稳定性高、溶解能力强和"可设计性"的优良特性.研究以季铵盐离子液体为极性相,以环己烷为非极性相,曲拉通-100和正丁醇为复合表面活性剂构筑具有离子液体包油(O/IL)、双连续(BC)和油包离子液体(IL/O)三种结构的微乳液体系.当温度从20℃升高至50℃时,[N4444]CF3COO、[N4444]...     

油酸钠-离子液体微乳液对金属离子的萃取性能研究

以油酸钠作表面活性剂、正丁醇及[C14mim]Br(1-十四烷基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐)作助表面活性剂、煤油作油相,制备了油酸钠及油酸钠-离子液体微乳液,测定了微乳体系的电导率曲线和增溶水量.以Cu2+和Ni2+为萃取对象,研究了两种微乳体系对金属离子的萃取性能,考察了离子液体浓度、NaOH浓度、金属离子的初始浓度以及水相...     

咪唑类离子液体表面活性剂的合成及其形成微乳液的增溶能力研究

合成并提纯了3种离子液体表面活性剂——溴代-1-十二烷基(十四烷基、十六烷基)-3-甲基咪唑(C12 mimBr、C14mimBr、C16mimBr),利用平衡表面张力法测定了临界胶束浓度,检验了其纯度.利用δ-γ“鱼形”相图研究了C12 mimBr (C14mimBr、C16mimBr)/醇/烷烃/盐水(5％ NaC...     

离子液体微乳液法合成Co-MOFs及其在甲苯催化氧化中应用

室温条件下,在四元W/O型离子液体微乳液体系中制备了3种Co-MOFs纳米晶体并进行了详细的表征。为提高有机配体在水中的溶解度,选择DMF作为添加剂,从而保证Co-MOFs晶体在极性核中生长。通过调节离子液体与表面活性剂(TX-100)的质量比,有效地控制了样品的形貌和尺寸,并利用分子动力学模拟验证了该微乳体系对晶体形貌和尺寸控制的机理。同时,评价了该材料在甲苯选择性氧化反应中的催化性能。当离子液体与TX-100的质量比为1.5时,获得了由平均尺寸约为140 nm的纳米片聚集而成的晶体。该样品在甲苯氧化中表现出最佳的催化性能,其中甲苯转化率为14.5%,苯甲醛选择性为94.9%。     

微乳液增敏动力学光度法测定试样中的铁

在n-C7H16/n-C4H9OH/CPC/H2O微乳液介质中,以邻菲哕啉(Phen)为活化剂时,Fe(Ⅲ)对H202氧化亚甲基蓝褪色反应具有催化作用,据此建立了动力学光度法测定Fe(Ⅲ)的新方法.该方法的最佳实验条件为0.6mL亚甲基蓝溶液(1.0×10-3 mol/L),0.2 mL H2O2(20%),1.4 mL Phen(1.0×10-3 mol/L),1.8 mL微乳液,2.0 mL HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液(pH=4).对Fe(Ⅲ)测定的线性范围为1.0～40 μg/L,检出限为8.4×10-7 g/L.100 ℃时的反应速率常数为0.028 0 min-1,表观活化能为36.22 kJ/mo1,可用于环境水样中Fe(Ⅲ)的测定.     

离子液体在微乳液聚合中的应用

介绍了近年来离子液体在微乳液聚合方法上的研究进展,综述了离子液体作为分散相、连续相、表面活性剂等不同组分参与到微乳液聚合反应中的实验方法和实现过程。介绍并评价了这类离子液体复合体系在制备聚合物微粒、纳米材料、导电材料,多孔材料及聚合物复合材料上的应用和发展潜力。     

Protic and aprotic anionic oligomeric ionic liquids

We report on synthesis of linear and hyperbranched protic and aprotic anionic oligomeric ionic liquids (OILs). α,ω-Dicarboxy- and α,ω-disulfooligo(ethylene oxide)s, α-carboxy- and α-sulfooligo(ethylene oxide monomethyl ether)s, and di[(α-carboxyoligo(ethylene oxide monomethyl ether)] were synthesized using reaction of oligo(ethylene oxide diol) (MW 1000) and its monomethyl ether (MW 750) with phthalic-, 2-sulfobenzoic anhydride and pyromellitic dianhydride. Di- and mono-substituted anionic OILs were prepared by neutralizing these compounds with N-methylimidazole. Aprotic anionic OILs were synthesized by reaction of sodium salts of the prepared oligomeric di- and monoacids with 1,3-dimethyl imidazolium iodide. Hyperbranched protic and aprotic anionic OILs were prepared in a similar manner. The structure, thermal stability and ionic conductivity of the synthesized compounds in the range of 20–120 °C in anhydrous conditions is governed by the molecular architecture of the oligomeric chains and the type of the cation/anion moieties. OILs under study are amorphous at room temperature but some protic and aprotic linear-chain OILs prone to form a low melting temperature crystalline phase. The ionic conductivity of the synthesized OILs can be varied in broad range reaching 10⁻³ S/cm value at temperatures over 100 °C under anhydrous conditions.     

Photoinitiated polymerization in ionic liquids and its application

Ionic liquids (ILs) are low‐melting organic salts often liquid at room temperature, whose unique properties are the reason of increasing interest for their applications as solvents, reaction media and functional additives. The exceptional properties of ILs have proved to be particularly useful in polymer science giving the potential to produce polymeric materials with improved properties or to immobilize ILs in polymer matrices while keeping their special characteristics. One of the possibilities is polymerization in ILs which can also affect positively polymerization reactions. An especially attractive technique is photopolymerization due to the ease of process control, short reaction time and ambient working temperature. This review gives a literature survey of developments in photopolymerization processes carried out in ILs as well as applications of these processes. It covers both the photopolymerization in ILs as well as photopolymerization of IL monomers. The first part presents a short overview of physicochemical and photochemical properties of ILs; it includes also photochemical reactions and photoinitiation of polymerization in ILs. The second part covers both the basic research (kinetics of photopolymerization including polymerization rate coefficients and polymerization of IL monomers) as well as applications of UV‐induced polymerization in ILs. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry     

电渗析法制备水溶性离子液体

以1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐（［EMIm］BF₄）的制备为例,对四隔室电渗析法制备水溶性离子液体进行了研究。分别考察了操作电压、进料浓度和离子交换膜种类对平均电流效率、能耗和收率3个电渗析过程性能参数的影响。实验结果表明,相比于传统的化学合成法制备离子液体,采用四隔室电渗析法制备水溶性离子液体具有反应条件温和（室温下反应）、反应时间短、反应无须传统有机溶剂（水作反应溶剂）和产物纯度高（最高可达98％）的优点。     

Synthesis and application of dicationic ionic liquids

Ionic liquids were synthesised that consisted of two methylimidazolium rings joined by a spacer 1–12 carbon atoms in length. The bis(triflic)imides with spacer ≤C₄ were solids; the others were liquid at room temperature. The polarity of the dication liquids and their performance in the extraction of phenol from water were compared with those of similar monocationic liquids. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

负载型离子液体吸附分离CO2的研究现状及展望

人口增长与全球工业化的加速发展促使化石能源需求量逐年递增,由此导致大气中二氧化碳（CO₂）含量快速上升并引发了全球系列气候问题,“碳达峰·碳中和”背景下的CO₂减排刻不容缓。传统工业捕集CO₂方法由于能耗高、选择性较差、溶剂损耗大等问题限制了其大规模推广应用,离子液体因其极低挥发性、强的气体亲和性、可调的结构性质等特点在CO₂捕集分离领域逐渐显示出独特优势,但离子液体特别是功能化后通常黏度较高或室温呈固态,导致气液传质效果差或无法直接应用于吸收分离过程。负载型离子液体兼具离子液体和多孔材料的共同优势,不仅能提升选择性分离效果,有效避免离子液体直接吸收造成的高黏度,还可拓展离子液体应用范围,具有广阔的发展前景。重点总结了近些年物理和化学负载型离子液体在CO₂吸附分离方面的研究现状和进展,并对负载型离子液体捕集分离CO₂研究的发展趋势进行了展望。     

离子液体催化酯化反应的研究进展

综述了近年来离子液体作为一种绿色催化剂在酯化反应中的应用研究进展,指出了目前离子液体催化酯化中存在的问题,并给出了解决这些问题的方法和建议。     

负载型离子液体吸附分离CO2的研究现状及展望

人口增长与全球工业化的加速发展促使化石能源需求量逐年递增,由此导致大气中二氧化碳（CO₂）含量快速上升并引发了全球系列气候问题,“碳达峰·碳中和”背景下的CO₂减排刻不容缓。传统工业捕集CO₂方法由于能耗高、选择性较差、溶剂损耗大等问题限制了其大规模推广应用,离子液体因其极低挥发性、强的气体亲和性、可调的结构性质等特点在CO₂捕集分离领域逐渐显示出独特优势,但离子液体特别是功能化后通常黏度较高或室温呈固态,导致气液传质效果差或无法直接应用于吸收分离过程。负载型离子液体兼具离子液体和多孔材料的共同优势,不仅能提升选择性分离效果,有效避免离子液体直接吸收造成的高黏度,还可拓展离子液体应用范围,具有广阔的发展前景。重点总结了近些年物理和化学负载型离子液体在CO₂吸附分离方面的研究现状和进展,并对负载型离子液体捕集分离CO₂研究的发展趋势进行了展望。     

离子液体降解性的研究进展

离子液体作为绿色溶剂,在电化学、有机化学、生物化学等领域获得了广泛重视,但目前研究主要集中于离子液体的合成和应用,而与环保问题直接相关的降解性方面的研究不足,实现离子液体的降解是离子液体大规模使用之前必须要解决的问题。本文综述了离子液体的降解方法:化学降解法和生物降解法。化学降解法主要通过UV/H₂O₂体系、Fe(Ⅲ)/H₂O₂体系、电解体系实现对离子液体的降解;生物降解法则通过引入可以提供酶解位点的基团,或者单加氧酶将离子液体阳离子烷基侧链甲基末端氧化为羟基、醛基,形成羧基,再进行β-氧化过程。提出了针对化学降解法和生物降解法机理的不同,需要对离子液体的化学结构进行设计、适当控制烷基侧链的长度、引入易降解的功能基团等;同时筛选微生物,进而提高离子液体的降解效率。     

Molecular dynamics simulation of desulfurization by ionic liquids

Ionic liquids (ILs) have shown an excellent performance for removing the sulfur compounds of fuel. In this work, molecular dynamic simulations were performed to screen suitable IL instead of the traditional method which is inefficient. DBT and DBTO₂ were used as model compounds to study the mechanism of desulphurization. An all‐atom force field was proposed for dibenzothiophene (DBT) and dibenzothiophene 5,5‐dioxide (DBTO₂). The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental value. We investigated the interaction between the model compounds and a series of ILs composed of 1‐alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium cations ([C_nmim]⁺, n = 4, 6, 8, 10) and BF, PF anions. We found that the interaction between hydrogen atoms in imidazolium ring and oxygen atoms in DBTO₂ is stronger than that of sulfur atoms in DBT, and it means that DBTO₂ is extracted by ILs more easily than DBT. In this work, we also compared and discussed the desulphurization mechanism as a function of different ILs, sulfur contents, temperatures, and inclusion of water or not. The above results may help us design extractant and improve the operating conditions. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 56: 2983–2996, 2010