煤燃烧过程中各形态硫析出规律的研究

利用改进的自动测硫仪,以高有机硫北宿烟煤和高黄铁矿硫阳泉无烟煤作为研究对象,在不同温度下对原煤和脱无机硫煤在煤燃烧过程中硫析出特性进行了研究,另外对原煤和脱无机硫煤在热解和燃烧时硫形态的变化进行了研究．实验表明：黄铁矿硫、有机硫、煤中有机硫的分布在不同温度下具有不同的析出能力;煤热解和燃烧过程中各形态硫可以向其它形态转移,使硫的析出变得十分复杂．其结果对研究煤燃烧过程中硫的析出规律及燃中固硫有一定帮助．     

煤燃烧过程中硫分析出现律的研究进展

以地煤中硫分的存在形态及各种形态硫分的析出规律进行了综述，探讨了煤种，工艺条件对硫析出的影响，分析了在燃烧过程中不同形态硫的析出温度。     

钙及其赋存形态对煤热解过程中氮转化的影响

燃煤NO_x生成与煤中含氮物质的种类及其在热解、燃烧中的转化特性密切相关。利用酸洗—物理混合/溶液浸渍添加方法制备获得含不同赋存形态Ca的煤粉,在水平管式炉上研究了不同赋存形态Ca对煤热解过程中氮转化特性的影响。结果表明,无机形式存在的Ca会使热解后的焦氮含量升高,而有机形式存在的Ca倾向于降低热解后的焦氮含量。添加以Ca(OH)2为模型物质的无机含钙矿物会抑制煤热解过程中NH_3的生成。添加以醋酸钙为模型物质的外在或内在有机含钙矿物后,NH_3均降低而HCN生成量升高,表明有机含钙矿物会促进煤中氮向HCN的转化。与以外在矿物形式添加的醋酸钙相比,以内在矿物形式添加的醋酸钙对热解中氮转化行为的影响较小。     

神府煤热解中试过程中硫、氮迁移分布探讨

在低阶煤新型热解工艺中试研究的基础上,探讨了不同温度条件下煤热解过程中硫、氮在半焦、焦油、煤气三大产品中的迁移分布情况。研究结果表明:煤中硫、氮的迁移直接受热解温度、煤阶以及硫、氮在煤中的赋存形式的影响;热解终温达到500℃后,硫的产物分布趋于稳定,大部分硫主要滞留于半焦中,焦油中硫的分布较少;热解终温达550℃时,有半数左右的氮仍滞留于半焦中,释放出的含氮产物中,HCN和NH_3所占的比例较少,大部分以焦油氮和N_2的形式分布于热解产物中。     

煤热解和气化过程中硫分析出规律的研究进展

总结了当前煤中硫分的主要存在形态及其在煤转化（包括热解和气化等）过程中硫分变迁规律的研究进展，并探讨了煤阶和煤中硫的赋存形态，以及操作条件对煤中硫分析出规律的影响，这些形成了煤热解部分气化预脱硫工艺的理论基础，这对于指导燃前脱硫工艺的研究与开发是非常重要的。     

煤热解过程中硫的析出规律研究进展

总结了我国煤炭中各种形态硫的赋存规律,及其在热解过程中无机硫与有机硫变迁规律的研究现状,比较不同气氛下各种硫的析出,指出富氢气体在煤炭热解脱硫方面应用前景广阔。     

煤热解过程中S、N与矿物质作用情况综述

简要介绍了矿物成分、S和N在煤中的赋存形态,详述了煤热解时S、N析出的形态以及矿物质和S、N相互作用的研究进展,并指出应加强煤热解过程中S、N和矿物质作用机理的研究,以促进煤的清洁利用,减少环境污染。     

炼焦煤中各种形态硫在炼焦过程中的析出规律探讨

为控制并稳定焦炭硫分,依据相关国家标准分别对15种单种煤的全硫、各种形态硫以及相应40kg焦炉所得焦炭全硫进行了测定,分析了各单种煤中硫的赋存形式及其在炼焦过程中的析出规律,并通过配合煤试验,验证了析出规律。     

基于铁基载氧体的煤化学链气化还原过程中氮元素迁移行为

采用热重-质谱-红外联用技术（TG-MS-FTIR），Ar气氛下对煤进行化学链气化实验，实时分析还原过程热解阶段和水蒸气气化反应阶段的过程中固体质量变化和生成气体成分。使用X射线光电子能谱对固相产物进行表面元素分析，探究化学链气化还原过程不同阶段固相产物中氮赋存形态的变化。研究结果表明：载氧体对化学链气化还原过程不同阶段含氮气体释放均有影响。热解阶段载氧体促进自由基的生成，加速了一次热解阶段含氮气体的释放，高温下，载氧体促使NH₃转化为HCN；气化阶段载氧体的加入使半焦的石墨化程度降低，含氮气体释放速率增加。对固相产物中氮的赋存形态而言，载氧体会抑制热解阶段吡咯型氮的分解与转化，高温下，半焦的石墨化和有序化程度降低的同时，镶嵌在煤大分子里面的质子化吡啶裸露出来，质子化吡啶含量降低，吡啶型氮和吡咯型氮的含量大大提升。     

煤燃烧过程中硫分析出规律的研究进展

对煤中硫分的存在形态及各种形态硫分的材出规律进行了综述,探讨了煤种、工艺条件对硫析出的影响,分析了在燃烧过程中不同形态硫的析出温度。     

矿物质对煤中硫氮在热解气化过程中迁移变化的催化作用

从煤自身所含的矿物质和外加添加剂的观点出发,对煤热解、气化和燃烧过程中存在的催化作用进行了阐述,尤其是煤中N、S有害元素的催化转化作用。煤自身所含的矿物质及部分碱金属、碱土金属和过渡金属添加剂对煤热解、气化和燃烧过程具有一定的催化能力,同时对煤中N、S有害元素的转化也有明显作用。对具有单功能催化作用的金属催化剂进行合理组合、适当改性和优化添加方式,在NOx和SOx污染性气体形成前对其前驱体进行抑制和定向转化,是今后煤炭洁净转化的一个研究方向。     

煤热解过程中硫氮分配及迁移规律研究进展

总结了煤热解过程中硫、氮的迁移转化规律,讨论了硫氮在煤气、焦油和半焦中的分配情况,分析了一种同时脱硫脱氮的煤解耦燃烧工艺,给出了煤燃烧过程硫氮污染物的可控转移目标和几个有待解决的主要问题。     

炼焦过程中硫元素迁移规律研究

以华北地区的峰峰低硫肥煤和山西中硫焦煤为原料,利用1 kg热解试验装置进行模拟炼焦试验,并对所得焦炭、煤焦油和煤气产品中硫元素形态和质量进行测定,揭示了炼焦煤中硫元素的迁移规律。结果表明:两种炼焦煤挥发分差别不大,硫元素迁移规律基本相同;炼焦过程中,不但原料煤中硫酸盐硫得以保留,还有其它形态硫经过复杂的热解化合反应生成新的硫酸盐硫;无机硫中的黄铁矿硫和有机硫中的脂肪硫、硫醚、硫醇等在炼焦过程中以H2S形式转移到煤气中,转移效率一般低于50%;原料煤中黄铁矿硫含量越高,H2S的转移率也越高;其他噻吩硫等在炼焦过程中不分解,留在焦炭中。     

Sulfur distribution within coal pyrolysis products

The pyrolysis of coal leads to distribution of sulfur compounds in pyrolysis gas, char and tar generated during the process. The effect of the process parameters of autothermal coal pyrolysis in the circulating fluidized bed reactor on total sulfur distribution has been investigated. Several experimental tests were performed at the temperature of 920°C. Non-coking coal from the Wieczorek Mine (Upper Silesian Coal Basin) and brown coal from the Bełchatów Mine were examined for sulfur distribution. It was found that distribution of total sulfur in coal pyrolysis products is basically affected by coal to air ratio and addition of steam or acceptor to the pyrolysis process.     

Desulfurization of a Turkish lignite at various gas atmospheres by pyrolysis. Effect of mineral matter

An investigation was made of the removal of pyritic and organic sulfur by pyrolysis at ambient pressure of a Turkish lignite under nitrogen and carbon dioxide atmospheres and the effect of mineral matter on the sulfur removal in pyrolysis of HCl and HCl/HF-treated coal under carbon dioxide atmosphere. Results obtained indicated that both pyritic and organic sulfur removal increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. The pyrolysis in carbon dioxide atmosphere had more effect on the organic sulfur removal at high temperatures. As a consequence of treatment of coal with HCl, pyritic sulfur removal increased but organic sulfur removal decreased. This implies that the removal of carbonates from coal negatively affects the organic sulfur removal. The observed decrease in organic sulfur removal may be related to the decrease in pyrolytic conversion. It was observed that HCl/HF treatment has an increased effect on the pyritic removal and organic sulfur removal during pyrolysis. The increase in organic sulfur removal after HF-treatment therefore might be due to the removal of clay minerals in the raw coal structure. In addition, it may be said that the presence of silicate minerals in the coal matrix can be induced that the easily removable organic sulfur compounds are converted to thermally stable and non-removable organic sulfur compounds (thiophenic or condensed thiophenic compounds) at these temperatures. Increase in the pyritic sulfur removal of HCl-treated and HCl/HF-treated coal samples may be attributed to the fact that increase of mass and/or heat transport in comparison with untreated coal as a result of elimination of mineral matter.     

热解过程中煤氮定向转化为N2的研究

煤的热解过程中含氮物向无污染的N2定向转化是氮氧化物形成之前抑制其生成的经济有效的方法,介绍了国内外关于煤氮定向转化为N2的催化作用机理,着重讨论了碱金属、碱土金属、过渡金属催化剂的作用及其最新研究进展,通过比较认为多功能复合型添加剂是今后煤氮向环境友好的N2转化研究的发展方向之一。     

煤热解过程中气态产物分布的研究

利用固定床热解装置对3种不同煤种进行了热解研究,考察了温度和煤的性质对热解气态产物以及硫元素逸出规律的影响,结果表明:除了煤的性质外,温度是影响热解产物分布的重要影响因素;同时CO和CO2的逸出量与煤中氧元素的含量有关,而生成CH4和气态烃的量与H/O原子比有很大关系;热解过程中含硫物质以H2S和少量COS的方式逸出到气相,而逸出的气态硫也与煤的含硫量有直接关系.     

煤中氯的赋存形态与释放特性的研究进展

从煤中氯的赋存形式、测定方法、释放特性和控制技术等方面,对国内外的煤中氯研究现状进行了评述。到目前为止,氯在煤中的赋存形式仍未有统一的结论,但都认为燃烧过程煤中氯主要以氯化氢的形式释放,将对燃烧设备燃烧区、加热器等部位产生腐蚀并污染环境。研究结果表明采用洗煤技术可以有效降低煤中的氯含量。     

Effectiveness of high temperature pyrolysis in sulfur removal from coal

A series of Polish hard coals of different rank that contained sulfur in the quantity from 0.37 to 4.90 wt% was investigated in this study. The coals were subjected to pyrolysis at 1000°C in an atmosphere of the gases evolved during the pyrolysis process. Results have shown a decreasing trend in the degree of sulfur removal by high temperature pyrolysis with increasing coal rank. The effectiveness of pyrolysis in sulfur removal appears to be related to the proportion of the non-thiophenic sulfur to the total organic sulfur in the coal. These are linear correlations between the total sulfur content in the coke and total, pyritic and organic sulfur contents in the initial coal.     

Dynamic behaviour of sulfur forms in rapid pyrolysis of coals with alkali treatment

Three kinds of subbituminous and bituminous coals with added potassium hydroxide were heated at 523 K in a nitrogen stream to transform thermally stable organic sulfur to reactive species. Extents of total sulfur removal were 27–52% during the course of alkali treatment, while weight loss was 8–13%. The extent of total sulfur removal was linearly proportional to the internal surface area of the parent coal. The parent coals and alkali-treated samples were pyrolysed rapidly in a free-fall reactor in a nitrogen stream at 1233 K. Under these conditions the alkali-treated samples lost more organic sulfur than did the parent coals. The observed changes in the content of sulfur forms were successfully simulated kinetically. The combined process of rapid pyrolysis with alkali leaching was effective for reduction of organic sulfur, except for a high-rank coal of small internal surface area.