基于激光全息法的聚焦换能器近场声特性分析

研究了基于激光全息法的低频聚焦换能器近场测量方法,分析了利用激光全息法测量近声场特性时的基本原理,构建了一套实验测量系统。为验证该方法的可行性与准确性,利用激光测振仪对1个由25个压电小柱按5×5排布构成,频率为80kHz且表面带有自聚焦声透镜的聚焦换能器的声场进行实验测试和推算,获得了距离该换能器辐射凹面中心50mm处振动膜片上的声压幅度和相位分布,推算出此聚焦换能器声轴线上的声压分布与焦点处声压分布,同时使用COMSOL模型仿真与水听器测试,对比验证了激光全息近场测量后远场外推结果的高准确性。     

Multipoint laser vibrometer for modal analysis

Experimental modal analysis of multifrequency vibration requires a measurement system with appropriate temporal and spatial resolution to recover the mode shapes. To fully understand the vibration it is necessary to be able to measure not only the vibration amplitude but also the vibration phase. We describe a multipoint laser vibrometer that is capable of high spatial and temporal resolution with simultaneous measurement of 256 points along a line at up to 80 kHz. The multipoint vibrometer is demonstrated by recovering modal vibration data from a simple test object subject to transient excitation. A practical application is presented in which the vibrometer is used to measure vibration on a squealing rotating disk brake.     

二维声场的光学扫描方法

基于声光效应原理,研究了一种声场扫描方案。通过旋转和平移扬声器,激光测振仪可测得声压在不同路径上的积分投影,利用这些投影信息通过反Radon变换算法重建出被测声场的声压分布,在重建分辨力一定的情况下,可以提高实验效率,缩减实验时间。以扬声器发出的2kHz声场为被重建对象,重建结果显示出声压的二维空间分布,并且空间和角度分辨力分别达到了5mm和10°。     

Delamination detection in composites through guided wave field image processing

This study explores the feasibility of using a non-contact guided wave imaging system to detect hidden delamination in multi-layer composites. The study is conducted in two phases. In the first phase, Lamb waves are excited by a lead (Pb) Zirconate Titanate transducer (PZT) mounted on the surface of a composite plate, and the out-of-plane velocity field is measured using a one-dimensional (1D) scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV). From the scanned time signals, wavefield images are constructed and processed to study the interaction of Lamb waves with delamination. The paper presents additional signal and image processing techniques used to highlight the defect in the scanned area. The techniques are demonstrated using experimental data collected from a 1.8 mm thick multi-layer composite. In the second phase, a completely non-contact system is described to excite and measure guided waves. A modulated continuous wave (CW) laser source in conjunction with a photodiode is used to wirelessly excite an attached PZT and the resulting waves are again sensed using the vibrometer. The non-contact system is used to excite and measure elastic waves in a composite channel test article. The elastic wave propagation image sequences are created from the non-contact excitation system.     

Phase aberration correction using ultrasound radiation force and vibrometry optimization

We describe a phase aberration correction method that uses dynamic ultrasound radiation force to harmonically vibrate an object using amplitude modulated continuous wave ultrasound. The phase of each element of an annular array transducer is adjusted to maximize the radiation force and obtain optimal focus of the ultrasound beam. The maximization of the radiation force is performed by monitoring the velocity of scatterers in the focus region. We present theory that shows focal optimization with radiation force has a well-behaved cost function. Experimental validation is shown by correction of manual defocusing of an annular array as well as correcting for a lens-shaped aberrator placed near the transducer. A Doppler laser vibrometer and a pulse-echo Doppler ultrasound method were used to monitor the velocity of a sphere used as a target for the transducer. By maximizing the radiation force-induced vibration of scatterers in the focal region, the resolution of the ultrasound beam can be recovered after aberration defocusing.     

Vibration of a single microcapsule with a hard plastic shell in an acoustic standing wave field

Observation techniques for measuring the small vibration of a single microcapsule of tens of nanometers in an acoustic standing wave field are discussed. First, simultaneous optical observation of a microbubble vibration by two methods is investigated, using a high-speed video camera, which permits two-dimensional observation of the bubble vibration, and a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV), which can observe small bubble vibration amplitudes at high frequency. Bubbles of tens of micrometers size were trapped at the antinode of an acoustic standing wave generated in an observational cell. Bubble vibration at 27 kHz could be observed and the experimental results for the two methods showed good agreement. The radial vibration of microcapsules with a hard plastic shell was observed using the LDV and the measurement of the capsule vibration with radial oscillation amplitude of tens of nanometers was successful. The acoustic radiation force acting on microcapsules in the acoustic standing wave was measured from the trapped position of the standing wave and the radial oscillation amplitude of the capsules was estimated from the theoretical equation of the acoustic radiation force, giving results in good agreement with the LDV measurements. The radial oscillation amplitude of a capsule was found to be proportional to the amplitude of the driving sound pressure. A larger expansion ratio was observed for capsules closer to the resonance condition under the same driving sound pressure and frequency.     

Phase object data obtained from defocused laser speckle displacement

An optical technique that is based on defocused digital speckle photography is proposed for the evaluation of phase objects. Phase objects are different kinds of transparent or semi-transparent media that allow light to be transmitted. A phase object inserted in a laser speckle field introduces speckle displacement, from which information about the object may be extracted. It is shown that one may use speckle displacements to determine both the phase gradients and the positions of phase objects. As an illustration the positions and focal lengths of two weak lenses have been derived from defocused laser speckle displacement.     

基于表面振动法的柴油机辐射噪声测量和分析

以4120SG柴油机为研究对象，提出基于激光测振的表面振动法测量柴油机辐射噪声。重点讨论了结构辐射系数的确定及其影响因素，提出了不同结构部件计算辐射系数的方法。利用表面振动法计算了柴油机主要部件的声功率，识别了主要噪声源。通过与噪声测量结果的对比，验证了方法的准确性。     

Photoacoustic holographic imaging of absorbers embedded in silicone

Light absorbing objects embedded in silicone have been imaged using photoacoustic digital holography. The photoacoustic waves were generated using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser, λ=1064 nm, and pulse length=12 ns. When the waves reached the silicone surface, they were measured optically along a line using a scanning laser vibrometer. The acoustic waves were then digitally reconstructed using a holographic algorithm. The laser vibrometer is proven to be sensitive enough to measure the surface velocity due to photoacoustic waves generated from laser pulses with a fluence allowed for human tissue. It is also shown that combining digital holographic reconstructions for different acoustic wavelengths provides images with suppressed noise and improved depth resolution. The objects are imaged at a depth of 16.5 mm with a depth resolution of 0.5 mm.     

Investigation of the dynamic characteristics of functional ceramics with the use of fiber laser vibrometry

The article describes a contactless method of investigating cyclic deformations with the aid of a laser vibrometer based on measuring the Doppler shift of the frequency of laser radiation reflected by the surface of a piezoelement. It explains the results of investigations of the instability of the piezomodule d₃₁ of the piezoceramic TsTBS-3 under the effect of temperature, obtained by the laser vibrometer.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 5, pp. 70–73, May, 1990.     

Laser vibrometer with increased accuracy and interference immunity

Conclusions It has been established experimentally that the most interference immune of the existing laser Doppler vibrometer schemes is that in which the signal is processed at a subcarrier frequency, for example, with positive phase modulation of one of the beams in a two beam interferometer.We have shown that the number of fringes is doubled when the signal is separated at the subcarrier, which enables us by means of the zero count method to increase the accuracy with which the parameters of motion can be determined.We have proposed and studied experimentally a scheme for a vibrometer for directly measuring the parameters of a vibrating surface by means of an improved two beam interferometer possessing minimum optical losses.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 10, pp. 49–51, October, 1977.     

Experimental Study of the Laser Speckle Phase in the Image Field

Statistical properties of the laser speckle phase in the image field were experimentally studied under the condition that the speckle field obeys Gaussian statistics. The speckle phase was measured in relation to the phase variations of light passing through a diffuse object and the defocusing of the imaging system. It is found that the phase variations of speckles at the image plane are smaller than those of light passing through the object. The anomaly of the speckle phase in the neighbourhood of the Gauss image plane is also found and interpreted in relation to the dip phenomenon of the speckle contrast.     

多路分离式PID模数混合主动噪声控制技术研究

针对机电产品具有的多谐频噪声特性,提出一种多路分离式模拟滤波与数字PID相位自动跟踪相结合的模数混合主动噪声控制方法,消声实验结果表明该方法在多谐频管道噪声消除中稳定有效。针对目前三维声场主动噪声控制工程应用难的状况,提出利用通风道或窗结构将三维声场聚声为一维声场实现主动噪声控制的工程技术并以干式变压器为对象进行探索研究。     

Laser vibrometry from a moving ground vehicle

We investigated the fundamental limits to the performance of a laser vibrometer that is mounted on a moving ground vehicle. The noise floor of a moving laser vibrometer consists of speckle noise, shot noise, and platform vibrations. We showed that speckle noise can be reduced by increasing the laser spot size and that the noise floor is dominated by shot noise at high frequencies (typically greater than a few kilohertz for our system). We built a five-channel, vehicle-mounted, 1.55 μm wavelength laser vibrometer to measure its noise floor at 10 m horizontal range while driving on dirt roads. The measured noise floor agreed with our theoretical estimates. We showed that, by subtracting the response of an accelerometer and an optical reference channel, we could reduce the excess noise (in units of micrometers per second per Hz(1/2)) from vehicle vibrations by a factor of up to 33, to obtain nearly speckle-and-shot-noise-limited performance from 0.3 to 47 kHz.     

聚焦参量阵原频声场抑制方法的研究

在近距离海底底质原位探测中,使用多阵元聚焦技术能弥补参量阵中差频信号能量较低的不足,但也会使得声焦点处的原频信号能量过高,导致接收系统信号波形限幅,引起波形失真,此外在声场测量时也容易造成传感器损坏.基于KZK(Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov)方程和Berktay包络自解调理论,以声焦点...     

基于MATLAB的PDV系统数据处理算法与实现

光子多普勒测振(Photonic Doppler Vibrometer,PDV)系统具有测量精度高、空间分辨力高、动态响应快等优点,适用于高温、高压、高速等特殊环境,应用范围广泛。数据处理是PDV系统的重要技术部分,旨在从含有大量噪声的测量数据中获得被测运动体的速度信息。本文在条纹法的基础上,针对原始信号的去噪、奇异点等问题,分别采用移动均值滤波以及小波变换法进行处理,最终得到被测物体的振动信息。利用激振台与经校准的激光测振仪进行振动测试对比实验,验证了该数据处理方法的可靠性和普适性。     

Multipoint laser Doppler vibrometry with single detector: principles, implementations, and signal analyses

A 20-point laser Doppler vibrometer with single photodetector is presented for noncontact dynamic measurement. A 5×4 beam array with various frequency shifts is generated by a 1.55 μm distributed feedback laser and four acousto-optic devices, and illuminating different points on vibrating objects. The reflected beams are coupled into a single-mode fiber by a pigtailed collimator and interfere with a reference beam. The signal output from a high-speed photodetector is amplified and then digitized by a high-speed analog-to-digital converter with a sampling rate of 1 gigasample per second (1 GS/s). Several methods are introduced to avoid the cross talk among different frequencies and extract the vibration information of 20 points from a one-dimensional signal. Two signal processing algorithms based on Fourier transform and windowed Fourier transform are illustrated to extract the vibration signals at different points. The experimental results are compared with that from a commercial single-point laser vibrometer. The results show simultaneous vibration measurement can be realized on multiple points using a single laser source and a single photodetector.     

随机激励下列车自动门的工作响应振型检测

采用了工作响应分析技术和PSV-400-B型激光扫描测振仪,获得列车自动门的工作响应参数,包括频率和振型。在GB/T 21563-2008模拟长寿命随机振动环境下实施工作响应参数试验,给出了实验方案和系统框图,证明了激光扫描测振仪的准确性。对于某型列车自动门,采用三种扫描测点布置方式：①包括玻璃窗的门扇,②不包括玻璃窗的门扇,③仅对玻璃窗。获得了三种扫描对象的1次工作响应参数,包括工作响应频率及其振型。     

水听器复数灵敏度的激光法校准

利用激光测振技术直接检测声场作用下的水介质质点振速,通过推算得到声场中该点声压的幅值和相位,从而可精确校准水听器的复数灵敏度.利用该技术,我们在10～100 kHz频段建立了一套水听器复数灵敏度的校准装置.本文简要介绍了装置的校准原理、方法以及各组成部分,并对Φ20球形水听器进行实验测试.结果表明,激光测振技术是一种有效的校准水听器复数灵敏度的方法,校准结果具有很高的精度.