首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Conclusions  
1.  The 40-year experience of operating the Volga hydrostation indicates that as experience was gained in operating the equipment and it was modernized and improved, the design hydropower indices composing the basis of the high cost effectiveness of the station gradually increased and at the current stage of operation exceeded their design values.
2.  The Volga hydrostation is successfully fulfilling the function of the central, main base of the Russian power grid.
3.  The design data of the hydropower indices were confirmed by the actual operating results, which indicates correctness of the method of calculating the main parameters of large hydropower plants.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 3, pp. 29–32, March, 1997.  相似文献   

2.
Conclusions  
1.  Operation of the structures of the Votkinsk hydrostation occurs under condition different from those proposed in the design: there is no backwater from the reservoir of the Lower Kama hydrostation, as a consequence of transformation of the Kama channel the lower pool levels are 1 m below the design levels.
2.  As the experience of operating the Votkinsk hydrostation with considerable daily variations of the load and, accordingly, with considerable fluctuations of the lower pool level shows, the unprotected stretches in the lower pool in the zone of variable levels are subjected to erosion. They have to be protected during operation. The earlier works on revetting the eroded stretches are performed, the smaller the expenditures they require.
3.  At hydrostations operating under conditions analogous to those of the Votkinsk hydrostation it is necessary to conduct hydraulic studies in the lower pool and to measure the flow velocities for the purpose of eliminating erosion as well as for the correct selection of the variant of revetting the downstream stretches.
4.  For further safe operation of the Votkinsk hydrostation it is necessary to carry out in 1996–1998 revetting of the downstream slope of earth dam No. 1 and works on preventing scour behind the toe wall of the apron of the hydrostation in accordance with the design of Lengidroproekt.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 2, pp. 33–36, February, 1997.  相似文献   

3.
Conclusions  
1.  The experience of design works on the hydropower equipment of a hydrostation as large of a large number of suppliers requires a technical coordinator of the works with strict obligations on coordinating the designs of equipment with this coordinator before sending to the customer.
2.  At the stage of preparing the tender documents for complete delivery of hydrostation equipment it is necessary to enlist a design organization for a general assessment of the layout of equipment given in the tender drawings, for preparing alternative variants of the layout, and simplifying the process of final coordination of changes in the contract specifications in the case of winning the tender.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel’stvo, No. 3, pp. 52–54, March, 1998.  相似文献   

4.
Conclusions  
1.  Construction and operation of the Sayano-Shushenskoe hydrostation has not introduced noticeable deviations into the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems of the region with respect to the most important indices-climate and water quality.
2.  It is necessary to continue monitoring the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems for accumulating a databank on the effect of the hydropower complex on the environment.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 9, pp. 19–22, September, 1998.  相似文献   

5.
1.  The development of an ATDS should be realized individually for each operating station with consideration of the design characteristics of the units and should be aimed at solving one of the most important problems of increasing the operating reliability of the main equipment and economy of operating the hydrostation.
2.  The deterministic approach to compiling technological diagnostic algorithms makes it possible to use the operating experience gained and to make the diagnosis on the basis of the actual technical state of the units of the hydrostation.
3.  The ATDSs should satisfy the requirements of prompt, integrated, automatic, and dynamic performance (possibility of the modular buildup of problems being solved as a result of developing new diagnostic means and methods).
4.  The proposed development of an ATDS at the unit level should be done with the possible prospects of inclusion in the PCS of the hydrostation.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 10, pp. 43–48, October, 1990.  相似文献   

6.
1.  During the first years of operation of the turbines of the Ust'-Ilim hydrostation (1974–1979) increased cavitation erosion of the runner blades were noted. Blades with a maximum deviation of the geometry from the design had maximum erosion. Correction of the blade profile with the use of a three-dimensional template markedly reduced the intensity of cavitation erosion.
2.  Tests established that the best operating regimes of the units of the Ust'-Ilim hydrostation with respect to cavitation conditions is the load range 195–215 mW, deviations from which lead to a pronounced increase of cavitation erosion.
3.  A change in the profile of the trailing edges of the runner blades practically completely eliminated cavitation erosion on the rear surface of the blades near the trailing edges.
4.  Tests with hard-facing of the damaged blades by various electrodes showed the possibility of a substantial increase of the cavitation resistance of the hard-faced coating and accordingly an increase of the overhaul period with the use of electrodes of type TsN-22. It is required to organize immediately the production of cavitation-resistant electrodes, which are acutely needed for restoring cavitation damages of turbine runners.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 2, pp. 40–42, February, 1988.  相似文献   

7.
Conclusions  
1.  The presence of a large volume of the sediment load when constructing hydrostation reservoir leads under operating conditions to a change in the parameters and operating indices of the hydrostations in time, which should be evaluated as part of the designs being worked out.
2.  The cost effectiveness of investments in hydrostations depends on consideration of the change in their parameters and operating indices during siltation of the reservoirs. In this case the financial efficiency of investments depends on the indicated factors to a considerably less degree than budgetary efficiency.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 1, pp. 27–30, January, 1990.  相似文献   

8.
1.  The relative method of measuring the flow rates of water through a turbine is realized by simple means and provides a sufficient accuracy for the needs of hydrostation operation.
2.  Further works of design organizations, operating services, and manufacturing plants is necessary for increasing the reliability of the entire flow-rate measuring system.
3.  The operating staffs of hydrostations need to be materially encouraged to use the discharge efficiently for producing electricity.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 9, pp. 28–31, September, 1989.  相似文献   

9.
1.  For underground machine halls with a large number of units the areas of the assembly floors should be 1.5–2 times greater than for outdoor hydrosation powerhouses. Zones of the MH adjacent to the vehicular tunnels cannot enter into these areas; these zones should be regarded only as loading areas.
2.  The technology of excavating the underground machine hall, including pits for the draft tubes, introduced at the Hoa-binh hydrostation can be recommended for excavating large chambers of considerable length.
3.  The use of the given technical solutions when constructing underground hydroelectric station and pumped-storage stations in combination with fulfillment of par. 1 of the “CONCLUSIONS” will make it possible to reduce considerably the total construction time of underground machine halls and to provide start-up of all units.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 1, pp. 29–39, January, 1996.  相似文献   

10.
1.  The interaction of surface and subsurface waters increasing streamflow regulation is not taken into account in the practice of designing hydrostations.
2.  The proposed method of taking it into account, realized in the form of a program of calculations with the use of computers, makes it possible to estimate the effect of the indicated factor on any planned hydropower facility.
3.  A preliminary evaluation of taking into account the effect of the interaction of surface and subsurface waters for the example of a hydrostation with a seasonal reservoir made it possible to estimate it with respect to an increase of firm capacity within 0.4–0.9% and with respect to an increase of useful storage of the reservoir within 3–6%. This refinement should be added to the margin of safety of the power indices of the planned hydrostation.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 2, pp. 14–16, February, 1988.  相似文献   

11.
1.  The arch dam of the Khudoni hydrostation can be constructed by the continuous conveyor technology as enlarged blocks.
2.  The rate of concreting the dam for the proposed dimensions of the blocks and times of covering them can reach 200–250 m3/h.
3.  To attain the indicated rate of concreting, it is necessary to construct near the dam site a new concrete plant with facilities for cooling or heating the concrete mix.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 8, pp. 13–14, August, 1990.  相似文献   

12.
1.  An on-site examination of the damageability of polymer-film skins and measurements of the seepage leakage made it possible to estimate the apparent permeability coefficient of such skins with relatively small damageability P<=0.05% by=" the=" quantity=">–3, m/day.
2.  Maximum damageability of polymer-film skins is formed due to the use of machines — bulldozers leveling the soil of the protective layer and vehicles delivering these soils.
3.  Introduction of mechanisms making it possible to place the protective layer of soil on the film element without traveling on the skin makes it possible to substantially reduce the damageability of polymer-film skins and their permeability.
4.  A reduction of damageability and permeability of polymer-film skins can be achieved by improving its construction and, in particular, by introducing bituminous and geotextile pads covering the film element of the skin on top and below, introduction of a second layer of film covering, and also by providing a drainage system of the protective layer.
Deceased.  相似文献   

13.
1.  Small hydrostations under high-mountain conditions should operate with trash racks, devices should be provided for their cleaning from trash and shuga, as well as shuga-deflectors into the diversion canal.
2.  To reduce abrasion of the turbine equipment, it is necessary to provide operation of the suspended-particle settling basins.
3.  Specifications on the assembly of bearings and movable couplings should be developed for conducting maintenance works.
4.  During restoration works the profile of the runner blades should be made strictly according to the template in conformity with the plant drawings.
5.  Extremely necessary is the equipping of hydrostation with means for monitoring the technial parameters (bearing temperature, water pressure in the passage, wobble of the shafting, etc.), observation of the changes in which will make it possible to carry out in good time preventive maintenance and to reduce the probability of occurrence of breakdown.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 3, pp. 43–45, March, 1990.  相似文献   

14.
1.  The operating regime of the MFPT has a determining effect on the value and direction of action of radial forces.
2.  The presence of radial seals on runners does not lead to an unequivocal decrease of radial forces on the rotor.
3.  The use in MFPT of radial seals of the runner with the geometric parameters used in the usual turbines is accompanied by considerable RFs on the rotor, greater than in the turbines.
4.  A decrease of radial forces simultaneously in the PR and TR will cause difficulties in connection with differences in the values of the optimal parameters of the seals for each of the given regimes.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 12, pp. 22–25, December, 1994.  相似文献   

15.
Conclusions  
1.  The concrete of the Vilyui III hydrostation is characterized by a strength exceeding the grade and a high modulus of elasticity, and for the structural members of the main structures by a long stay during construction at low temperatures —to minus 15–35°C.
2.  The strength and deformation characteristics determined by tests of specimens and cores from mature concrete (up to 4.6 years) of grades M250 W8 F100, M300 W10 F100, and M400 W12 F400 were: cube Rcub and prism Rpr strengths, respectively, 40–57 and 20–45 MPa; initial modulus of elasticity Ec=(4–4.3)·104 MPa and Poisson's ratiov=0.127; for M250 and M300 Rpr/Rcub=0.65 and for M400, 0.8.
3.  The initial modulus of elasticity of the on-site concrete M250 at an age of 400–500 days at positive temperatures was Ec=4.6·104 MPa. Freezing of concrete to minus 30°C leads to an increase of Ec by 1.6 times according to a linear dependence. An increase of Ec practically ceases in the minus 30–38°C temperature range.
4.  The strength and deformation characteristics of the concrete obtained as a result of tests, which considerably exceed the standard values and those adopted in the design, can be used for analyzing the state of the main structures of the Vilyui III hydrostation during the construction and operation periods and when processing the results of observations by means of the installed monitoring and measuring instruments.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 7, pp. 11–14, July, 1998.  相似文献   

16.
1.  The problem of the thermics of hydrostations has recently acquired an acute character from the viewpoint of the effect of the pools of hydrostations on the microclimate of the region and it is in need of a prompt solution, since it can become an obstacle for substantiating the construction of many highly efficient hydrostations in regions with a harsh climate.
2.  Thermal forecasts should be developed at an early stage of designing a hydrostation and should be taken into account when selecting the site of structures, capacity, and operating regime of the hydrostation.
3.  A thorough survey and study of operating hydro developments are needed for developing measures to improve the ecological situation and for using the on-site data when creating standard methodological documents for designing and forecasting.
4.  A purposeful scientific and technical program should be devoted to a study of the effect of the thermies of hydrostations on the environment, which unites the efforts of many organizations of the USSR Ministry of Power and Electrification, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, State Committee on Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring, State Education Committee, etc., and which is presently being formed by VNIIG.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 3, pp. 13–15, March, 1990.  相似文献   

17.
1.  The fluvial processes in the Ob River downstream of the hydro development, which markedly changed after damming the river and creation of the reservoir during the first decade of operation of the hydrostation, were expressed in the natural process of deep erosion of the channel, which had a diminishing character.
2.  Starting with the second half of the 1960s, quarrying in the Ob channel on the 30-km stretch of the lower pool adjacent to the hydrostation began to have a substantial effect on the natural process of transformation of the channel due to streamflow regulation and retention of sediments by the reservoir.
3.  During the period between 1966 and 1984 more than 40 million m3 of sand-gravel mixture was removed from the river channel and floodplain in the indicated stretch, as a result of which the decrease of levels relative to the normal, natural values at the site of the Novosibirsk gauging station was 0.9–1.0 m.
4.  A decrease of the levels downstream led to a deficit of water resources of the reservoir in dry years and, as a consequence, to worsening of the operating conditions of the majority of participants of the Novosibirsk water-management complex.
5.  After some stabilization of the position of the levels in the river in 1984–1986, the decrease, slump, of the levels in the stretch passing through the city subsequently resumed beginning in 1987–1988. The rating curve for the Novosibirsk gauging station in 1988 shifted downward from the analogous 1986 curve along the height axis by 15–20 cm.
6.  The priority task facing water users and consumers of Novosibirsk is the fastest possible realization of the recommendations of MGU, VNIIG, and ZapSibRNIGMI on partial restoration of the water levels in the stretch between the hydrostation and Novosibirsk city by constructing embankments damming nonnavigable branches and converting the Ob channel here at low-water discharges (less than 2000 cm3/sec) into a single-branch channel.
7.  For a radical solution of the problem of reliable provision of water consumers of Novosibirsk, it is necessary to reconstruct all intakes located downstream of the hydro development.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 10, pp. 25–28, October, 1989.  相似文献   

18.
1.  The general vibration state of the control building of the hydrostation depends directly on the dynamic effect of the No. 1 unit. Vibration of the control building occurs in the zone of resonance with a frequency of 14.7 Hz, which corresponds to the blade frequency of the unit.
2.  The presence of an expansion joint between the block of the units and assembly area for all practical purposes does not prevent propagation of vibration and does not provide the principle of isolation of the block of units.
3.  One of the most effective methods of combatting resonance vibrations is to change the relationship between the natural frequency and frequency of disturbance by changing the rigidity of the structure.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 3, pp. 27–30, March, 1989.  相似文献   

19.
1.  The actual state of the outlet works as a whole can be evaluated as positive.
2.  To provide complete readiness of the outlet works for service regimes and to keep them in good working order, it is necessary to seal the existing damages and subsequently to carry out annual scheduled preventive maintenance.
3.  Long service of the restored bottom revetment of the stilling basin is possible under conditions of a moderate regime of waste discharges with their uniform distribution over the basin width, shortening of their duration, and reduction of the number of outlets put into operation.
4.  The restored basin revetment is in need of careful observation of its condition and sealing.
5.  The use of outlets for reducing the rate of filling the reservoir and especially for providing navigation releases is not permissible. They should be used only if the discharge capacity of the hydrostation units is insufficient for preventing filling of the reservoir during the spring flood above the elevation of the NPL as well as for not exceeding the NPL during passage of the summer-fall freshets with the reservoir filled to the NPL.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 4, pp. 9–12, April, 1994.  相似文献   

20.
Conclusions  
1.  The modernized generators have a new rated power of 90 MW/105 MVA, which is 9.1% higher than their original power without any restrictions, with sufficient heating and vibration margins.
2.  As the test data showed, the power of the generator modernized according to variant 1 can be increased to 100 MW (i. e., by 21% versus the original) and according to variant 2 up to 105 MW (i.e., by 27% versus the original).
3.  Modernization made it possible also by using new materials and technologies to increase the efficiency of the generators by 0.15% with modernization by variant 1 and by 0.33% with modernization by variant 2.
4.  With modernization by variant 2 (with replacement of the stator core) thanks to the use of modern cold-rolled steel the steel losses decreased by 100 kW and the excitation losses by 34 kW.
5.  Thanks to using nonmagnetic elements in the end zone of the stator the additional losses decreased by 26 kW.
6.  Modernization of ventilation made it possible to reduce the air flow rate from 84 to 74 m3/sec with unchanged heating of the generator components. In this case the ventilation losses for any of the variants of the generator decreased by 60–70 kW.
Tests of the generators permit concluding a high effectiveness of modernizing the generators at the Plavinas hydrostation and expediency of continuing modernization of the next generators by variant 2, i.e., with replacement of the stator core and winding. As a result of such modernization it is possible to considerably increase the power of the units to 105 MW/123.5 MVA, in which case the efficiency of the generator increases compared with the generator modernized by variant 1 by 0.18%; the exciting power decreases simultaneously. In the case of modernization with complete replacement of the stator we can confidently predict reliable operation of the machines for the next 40–50 years, i.e., as newly installed. Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 3, pp. 33–34, March, 1997.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号