国内期刊纵览

９９０７００１硼铸铁激光表面淬火的显微组织及耐磨性——赵亚凡．金属热处理，１９９９（４）∶７（月刊）采用光学显微镜、电子显微镜和Ｘ射线衍射仪研究了激光表面淬火处理硼铸铁硬化层的显微组织及激光处理前后硼在铸铁中的存在形式，在滑动磨损试验机上测量了激光硬...     

渗硼层脆性及其控制措施

分析了产生渗硼层脆性的本质属性和工艺因素两个方面的原因，提出了控制渗硼层脆性的4种途径：多元渗硼，改进渗硼工艺方法，控制渗层相的组成及其结构，渗硼层的再处理，其中以多元稀土共渗，超塑渗硼，激光渗硼和渗硼层的激光重熔技术等工艺方法控制脆性效果显著，同时，对几种实用的渗硼层脆性测试方法进行了对比和评述，为进一步发挥产品渗硼后的性能提供参考。     

常压等离子束扫描表面多元共渗研究

用高参等离子束在常压下快速扫描涂敷合金渗剂的４５＾＃钢管内表面,可实现多元共渗及自激冷淬火,获得多元共渗及淬火硬化层。用电子探针和透射电镜对硬化层的成分和组织结构进行分析,结果表明,渗剂中所含硼、硅、铈三种元素以不同深度渗入材料内部,硬层为隐针马氏体及硼硅化合物。经检测,硬化层具有较高的硬度及合理的硬度梯度,具有优异的耐磨性及良好的耐蚀性。     

钛合金表面阳极微弧等离子体渗硼层的研究

采用阳极微弧等离子体技术研究了钛合金表面渗硼层的微观组织和性能。通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、能谱仪(EDS)表征分析了渗硼层的表面和截面的微观组织、形貌、相结构、渗层元素分布。借助摩擦磨损试验机测试了渗硼层的耐磨性,运用电化学工作站对渗硼后的TC4材料进行了耐腐蚀性测试。结果表明,钛合金表面阳极微弧等离子体渗硼技术制备的渗硼层连续致密。渗硼层主要由金属间化合物TiB2和TiB组成,其与氧化层共同作用,能显著提高钛合金表面的耐磨性。渗硼后的TC4钛合金耐腐蚀性较基体有所降低。表面阳极微弧等离子体技术是一种新型的钛合金表面改性方法。     

9P-150型膨化机膨化头用12Ni马氏体时效钢渗硼硬度及耐腐蚀性研究

为了改善9P-150型膨化机膨化头的表面耐磨性和耐蚀性,以12Ni马氏体时效钢作为基体,利用固体渗硼和渗后热处理对其表面进行处理,并采用金相、XRD、显微硬度、拉伸、耐蚀性能等方法研究了渗硼及渗硼后热处理对12Ni马氏体时效钢渗硼层组织和性能的影响.结果 表明:渗硼后热处理未改变渗硼层的微观组织(依然为板条马氏体),但...     

激光处理技术对渗硼层组织与性能的影响

钢材表面经渗硼处理将会提高耐磨性,但同时也使脆性增大并产生剥落现象。采用激光技术通过改变硬化层结构,大幅度改善了表面性能。本文利用各种分析手段,系统地研究了45＃钢渗硼层显微组织特征及其变化规律.认为:(1)硬化层脆性化合物明显细化,(2)渗硼层出现了硬度低于硼化铁的组织以及,(3)显微组织在渗硼层的分布合理,导致硬度梯度平缓,是降低渗硼层脆性的主要原因。     

Q235低碳钢等离子体电解硼碳共渗处理及性能分析

采用液相等离子体电解渗方法对Q235低碳钢进行硼碳共渗(PEB/C)处理,研究了Q235低碳钢表面硼碳共渗层的形貌、结构和显微硬度。评估了PEB/C处理前后Q235钢的电化学腐蚀性能,以及以GCr15钢球作为摩擦副在不同载荷条件下PEB/C渗层的摩擦磨损特性。结果表明,经过PEB/C处理后(330V/30min),形成厚度约为20μm并主要由Fe2B相组成的渗硼层。PEB/C处理轻微提高了Q235钢的耐腐蚀性能,但明显降低了Q235低碳钢与GCr15钢球对磨的摩擦因数和磨损率。当载荷为5N时,PEB/C样品的摩擦因数和磨损率分别是Q235钢基体的1/4和1/59。     

渗硼注氮复合处理表面硬化层研究

采用渗硼工艺和新型的等离子体源氮离子注入技术对Cr12MoV钢进行复合处理 ,获得了高硬度的表面硬化层。用XPS对硬化层进行相分析和性能试验 ,结果表明 :硬化层主要由立方氮化硼 (C BN)和FeB组成 ,硬化层具有很高的硬度和耐磨性     

激光重熔处理对渗硼层脆性的影响

利用两种工艺方案对渗硼层进行了激光重熔处理，并通过声发射技术对表层脆性进行了定量测试。结果表明，激光重熔处理在不同程度上降低了渗硼层的脆性，相对脆性最大降低了71．3％。通过改变渗硼层的形貌和组织结构，消除FeB和渗层内的缺陷，改善界面结合强度和适当降低表层硬度从而使硼原子得到重新分布等方式均能降低表层脆性。     

氩弧重熔对20G钢渗硼层组织结构和耐磨性能的影响

为了降低渗硼层的脆性,提高其耐磨性,对20G钢渗硼层进行了氩弧重熔处理,研究了渗硼层重熔前后的形貌、相结构、显微硬度及耐磨性。结果表明：渗硼层由FeB和Fe2B两相组成,经氩弧重熔处理后FeB相消除,氩弧重熔渗硼层由Fe23（C,B）6和Fe2B相组成,包括氩弧重熔区和过渡区;氩弧重熔处理使渗硼层表层微观硬度降低,且使...     

Analysis of fluid flow in centrifugal casting

Centrifugal casting process is a fast process with melt, cast and moulds being opaque. It is almost impossible to observe the melt behavior during casting. Cold modeling experiments were conducted using horizontal transparent moulds and transparent fluids of different viscosities to study the effect of different process variables on the flow pattern. Effects of the thickness of fluid cylinder, viscosity of the fluid, diameter of the mould, and rotational speed of the mould on the formation of complete hollow fluid cylinder are investigated. The influence of rotational speed has been studied in aluminum casting. The cylinders are cast at different rotational speed with varying thickness. It is observed that the speed required to form uniform cylinder increases with the increase in thickness of a fluid cylinder. As rotational speed is increased the hardness of the cast cylinder also increases. The flow patterns seen in cold modeling experiments and actual castings agree reasonably well.     

TiAl合金表面等离子渗铬工艺

用双层辉光离子渗金属技术,在TiAl合金表面渗入铬元素,形成合金层。研究了温度、气压、源极电压、阴极电压等工艺参数对渗层成分、厚度及显微组织的影响。结果表明,在源极电压700V、阴极电压450-280V、极间距18mm、试样温度1050℃、工作气压25Pa和保温时间4h的工艺参数条件下,渗铬层厚度可达60μm,渗层成分呈梯度分布,表面硬度明显提高。     

Morphological, crystallization and plasticization studies on isomorphic blends of poly (vinyl fluoride) (PVF) and poly (vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF): using microhardness, XRD and SEM techniques

Property modification by blending of polymers has been the area of immense interest. In this paper, the isomorphic blends of two polymers poly (vinyl fluoride) (PVF) and poly (vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) with different ratios were prepared using solution cast technique. The microhardness studies have been carried out on pure and polyblend specimens at various loads to test the plasticization and hardening effects using Vickers microhardness testing. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) study has been utilized to detect the crystalline and amorphous characteristics of specimens. Thus PVDF acts as plasticizer in the polyblend when the content of PVDF is relatively high as compare to PVF. When the PVF is major component in the polyblend, the microhardness of the blend specimen increases and the isomorphic blend specimens with 50:50 proportion of two polymers exhibit the maximum value of microhardness. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs indicate complete chain formation with uniform texture, when the two polymers are blended in equal proportions. The findings of XRD and SEM have been correlated with the microhardness values.     

感应等离子体技术制备球形铸造碳化钨粉体及其性能表征

球形碳化钨增强金属基复合涂层具有高硬度、高韧性和优异的耐磨、耐蚀性等特点,可以对材料表面起到有效保护作用。传统铸造碳化钨粉体多呈不规则的片状或多角状,流动性差且硬度低,难以满足高性能涂层材料的要求。本文以多角状铸造碳化钨粉体为原料,采用感应等离子体技术制备球形碳化钨粉体,研究感应等离子体技术工艺参数对碳化钨粉体球化效果的影响规律。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、霍尔流速计、激光粒度分析仪等对球化处理前后碳化钨粉体的形貌、物相、松装密度、粒度分布进行表征。结果表明:送粉率为110 g/min、载气流量为5.0 L/min时,采用感应等离子体技术可制备颗粒饱满、表面光滑、分散性良好,球化率高达99%以上,且球形度较好的球形碳化钨粉体。球化后碳化钨粉体无孔洞等缺陷,内部组织为典型的细针状WC和W₂C的共晶,组织结构均匀细密。球化后碳化钨粉体的硬度高达3 258HV,提高了408HV;球化后碳化钨粉体的松装密度由8.01 g/cm³提高到9.75 g/cm³,霍尔流速由10.30 s/50 g降低到6.80 s/50 g,粉体的流动性提高。     

渗剂中铝粉含量对Cu基Ni镀层表面Cr-Al渗层组织和性能的影响

为了提高铜金属表面硬度和耐磨性,在铜表面预先镀镍,然后对镍镀层进行渗cr,Al,制备Cr-Al渗层.研究了渗剂中铝粉含量对其微观组织、显微硬度和耐磨性的影响.结果表明:当渗剂中铝粉含量在5%～20%(质量分数,下同)范围,渗层组织为Ni(Cr,Al)固溶体,晶面(200)出现明显的择优生长,显微硬度从HV170增加到H...     

发动机缸体缸盖的铸造

对国内外发动机缸体、缸盖铸造生产进行了总结,其材质主要以C(质量分数,下同):3.15%～3.3%,CE:3.95%～4.05%,Si/C:0.6%～0.7%的灰铸铁为主。一般选择冲天炉-有芯工频电炉进行熔炼,孕育剂仍普遍采用75SiFe,立浇底注式浇注系统和保温冒口有利于获得优质缸体、缸盖,冷芯制芯工艺已逐渐取代热芯工艺。通过提高浇注温度、型砂紧实率等措施可减少缸体、缸盖常见缺陷渗漏的出现。     

Experimental and theoretical studies on thermo‐mechanical fatigue test for aluminium cast alloy

Evaluation of the thermo‐mechanical behaviour and prediction of the service life of cast aluminium alloys are important for the design of automobile engine cylinder heads. In this study, cast Al alloy specimens are extracted from cylinder heads and subjected to in‐phase thermo‐mechanical cyclic loading. The hysteresis curves related to stress and strain were recorded under the individual thermo‐mechanical loading conditions. The number cycles to failure corresponding to multiple mechanical strain and temperature ranges were obtained. It is found that the cyclic stress amplitude decreases and the cyclic softening rate increases with increasing maximum temperature rise. A modified fatigue‐creep model based on energy conservation has been developed for prediction of the fatigue life of cylinder heads. The proposed method shows good agreement with the well‐established Ostergren model and low standard deviations. In summary, the proposed method described in this study provides an option for prediction of the thermo‐mechanical behaviour of metals.     

Effects of conventional and active screen plasma nitriding on properties of electroless Ni–B coating

Abstract

In the present study, the properties of nitrided electroless Ni–B coatings prepared by conventional plasma nitriding and active screen plasma nitriding were investigated. For this purpose, electroless Ni–B coatings were deposited from an alkaline bath on AISI 4140 substrates. Then, some of the prepared coatings were plasma nitrided by conventional method and the other ones by active screen method under the same conditions. Microstructure, morphology, microhardness and wear resistance of the coatings were evaluated. Based on the results, post-treatments change the amorphous as deposited coating structure to a crystalline one, which increases microhardness and wear resistance. Employing plasma nitriding treatment on the coatings results in higher microhardness and superior wear resistance than conventional heat treatment. The sputtering of iron atoms during plasma nitriding process can be the main reason for these results. In addition, active screen plasma nitriding demonstrates less surface roughness and superior wear resistance than conventional plasma nitriding.     

缸体用灰铸铁加工性能的影响因素分析

本文对实际生产中缸体加工性能方面存在的问题进行了评述。重点阐述了组织、合金元素、微量元素和铸造工艺对缸体铸件加工性能的影响。最后对缸体用灰铸铁加工性能方面研究存在的问题予以简要概括。     

A study of microstructure and performance of cast Fe–8Cr–2B alloy

The effects of quenching temperature on microstructure and hardness of cast Fe–8Cr–2B alloy containing 0.3 wt% C, 2.0 wt% B, 8.0 wt% Cr, 0.6 wt% Si, and 0.8 wt% Mn were investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Rockwell hardness and Vickers microhardness testers. The experimental results indicate that the as‐cast microstructure of cast Fe–8Cr–2B alloy consists of M₂B (M = Fe, Cr), M₇(C, B)₃, α‐Fe, and γ‐Fe. The dendritic matrix composed of lath martensite mixed with a small amount of retained austenite, and the netlike boride M₂B distribute in the grain boundary. After quenching between 950 °C and 1100 °C, the netlike eutectic boride are broken up and a new phase‐M₂₃(C, B)₆ which is distributed in the shape of sphere or short rod‐like are precipitated from the matrix. Both the macrohardness and microhardness of specimens increase with the increasing quenching temperature. At about 1050 °C, the hardness reaches the maximum value. However, when the temperature exceeds 1050 °C, the hardness will decrease slightly. With the increase of tempering temperature, the hardness of cast Fe–8Cr–2B alloy quenching from 1050 °C decreases gradually and its impact toughness increases slightly. Crusher hammer made of cast Fe–8Cr–2B alloy quenching from 1050 °C and tempering from 300 °C has good application effect, and its service life improves by 150–180% than that of high manganese steel hammer.