理论研究溴化-N-烷基吡啶炔丙醇类缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能

本文使用密度泛函理论和分子动力学模拟两种方法,从理论上研究了我们实验室自制的三种缓蚀剂(即m-6,m-8和m-10)对低碳钢的缓蚀性能。量子化计算结果表明,三种缓蚀剂分子具有较高的反应活性,m-10在腐蚀抑制过程中反应活性最高。分子动力学(MD)模拟表明三种缓蚀剂分子都能与铁表面相互作用,m-10在铁表面的吸附能力最强。理论计算结果表明,m-n缓蚀性能的大小为:m-10m-8m-6。     

咪唑啉酰胺在HCl-H_2S腐蚀介质中对低碳钢(A_3)的缓蚀作用

利用极化曲线法和扫描电镜分析对不同浓度水溶性咪唑啉酰胺缓蚀剂在1000mg/L HCl+500mg/L H2S腐蚀介质中对低碳钢(A3)的缓蚀作用进行了研究。结果表明:在HCl-H2S腐蚀介质中,加入浓度为15mg/L时,水溶性咪唑啉酰胺缓蚀剂对低碳钢(A3)具有很好的缓蚀作用。     

控制释放型载银抗菌玻璃性能研究

该文以硼硅酸盐玻璃为载体,通过添加Ag_2O的方式来引入抗菌活性物质,制备了控制释放型载银硼硅酸盐抗菌玻璃并对其性能进行了研究。结果表明:抗菌玻璃对异养菌具有极佳的杀菌作用,对水中藻类有很好的杀灭作用,其浸出液具有阳极型缓蚀剂的特征,对水中碳钢能起一定的缓蚀作用,且不会引起严重的硅垢,可作为一种新型的水处理剂用于循环水系统。     

脂肪酰胺类缓蚀剂对碳钢缓蚀作用的电化学研究

开发了一种新型环境友好型N-烷基-N-脂肪酰基氨基脂肪酸盐(TS-417)无磷缓蚀剂。采用极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱方法研究了TS-417对低碳钢在模拟中碱中硬循环冷却水中的缓蚀作用。结果表明:TS-417缓蚀剂对碳钢具有良好的缓蚀作用,属于阳极抑制型缓蚀剂;其缓蚀效率随着缓蚀剂浓度的增大而增大,当添加浓度为100 mg/L时,缓蚀剂效率即可达到90%。     

有机缓蚀剂对低碳钢的缓蚀性能研究进展

概述离子液体、天然植物提取物、有机衍生物、新型希夫碱类缓蚀剂、药物类有机缓蚀剂对低碳钢在不同介质中缓蚀性能的国内外研究情况。介绍有机缓蚀剂机理,并且利用失重法、电化学法、表面分析等方法对其缓蚀性能进行分析,展望了在不同介质中对低碳钢有机缓蚀剂的研究方向。     

腐植酸钠对低碳钢Q235的缓蚀性能的研究

通过旋转挂片法分析了腐植酸钠对低碳钢Q235的缓蚀性能。研究发现,随着腐植酸钠浓度的增加,缓蚀效果有一定的提高,当腐植酸钠浓度达到50mg/L时其缓蚀率仅为36%,需要通过化学改性或物理复配来改善腐植酸的缓蚀性能。     

高分子季铵盐型抗菌材料的制备

通过γ-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷的偶联,将水溶性聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)接枝在纳米SiO2表面,随后分别用1-溴己烷和碘甲烷对接枝的PEI进行N-烷基化修饰,使PEI中的部分氨基转变成季铵盐,得到水不溶性QPEI/SiO2微粒。通过测定PEI/SiO2上PEI的接枝量,考察了各种反应条件对QPEI/SiO2微粒制备的影响规律。研究结果表明,纳米SiO2表面接枝PEI的适宜条件为:反应溶剂为DMF,反应温度90~100℃,反应时间8 h,氯丙基化SiO2与PEI质量比为4∶1,在此条件下制备的QPEI/SiO2微粒中PEI接枝量为14.8%。QPEI/SiO2微粒经甲基化修饰后,季铵盐含量由0.96%增加到3.37%,其抗菌性能显著增强。     

直链低分子胺类的缓蚀效率

<正> 钢铁酸腐蚀的特征是腐蚀速度快,表面无腐蚀产物覆盖,阴极过程主要是析氢反应,因此最适宜采用作用快、效率高的有机吸附型缓蚀剂,胺类缓蚀剂就是最常用的一种。本文讨论了直链低分子胺类对低碳钢在稀硫酸中腐蚀时的缓蚀作用,分析了它们的阴阳极过程,并且讨论了缓蚀效率与结构参     

环保型控制释放多功能水处理剂的制备及性能

该文以自然界广泛存在且对环境无害的硅、硼为控制释放型水处理试剂的主要成分,并通过在玻璃中添加氧化银的方式引入抗菌活性物质,利用硅、硼自身具有的缓蚀、阻垢特性及银离子所具有的抗菌灭藻性能,制备得到控制释放型多功能水处理剂.得到了制备该产品的组成配方及工艺条件;利用X射线衍射测试及红外光谱测试评价了产品的基本性能;研究了环...     

新型油酸咪唑啉缓蚀剂的合成及其性能评价

采用溶剂法合成了两种新型咪唑啉缓蚀剂1-(2-氨乙基)-2-油酸基咪唑啉(A)和1-(2-氨基-硫脲乙基)-2-油酸基咪唑啉(B),通过静态失重法和电化学极化曲线对其缓蚀性能进行了评价,并通过量子化学和分子动力学模拟方法对其缓蚀机理进行了研究。结果表明,两种缓蚀剂均具有较好的抗盐酸腐蚀性能,能同时抑制Q235钢的阴、阳极反应过程。在0～250 mg·L^-1浓度范围内,B的缓蚀性能优于A,且二者的最佳实验浓度均为150 mg·L^-1。此外,A、B的活性区域主要分布在咪唑环和亲水支链上,其分子头基能够有效驱替H₂O分子从而使缓蚀剂起到缓蚀作用,缓蚀性能的理论评价结果与实验规律相一致。     

接枝型水不溶高分子抗菌材料的制备与抗菌特性

以接枝微粒氯甲基聚苯乙烯/硅胶(CMPSt/SiO2)为原料,用三乙胺(TEA)、三丁胺(TBA)及三苯基膦对其进行季铵(QN)化与季鏻(QP)化反应,制备了2种水不溶抗菌复合材料QN-PSt/SiO2与QP-PSt/SiO2;以大肠杆菌为致病菌体,采用平板活菌计数法研究了其抗菌性能及抗菌基团结构与抗菌性能的关系,采用胞外DNA和RNA测定法探索了其抗菌机理. 结果表明,2种材料具有很强的抗菌能力,QP-PSt/SiO2用量15 g/L时与浓度为109 mL-1的菌悬液接触1 min,杀菌率达100%. 影响复合微粒抗菌率的主要因素是抗菌基团的化学结构及其在材料表面的密度,接枝大分子链CMPSt的季铵(鏻)化程度即材料表面的季铵(鏻)基团密度越高,抗菌性能越强;季鏻盐型QP-PSt/SiO2的抗菌性能高于季铵盐型QN-PSt/SiO2;以三丁胺为季铵化试剂制备的QN-PSt/SiO2(TBA)的抗菌性能优于以三乙胺为季铵化试剂制备的QN-PSt/SiO2(TEA). QN-PSt/SiO2与QP-PSt/SiO2的抗菌作用实质是杀菌.     

Adsorption behaviour of functional grafting particles based on polyethyleneimine for chromate anions

Polyethyleneimine (PEI) was first grafted on the surfaces of micro-sized silica gel particles in the manner of the coupling graft, forming the grafting particles PEI/SiO₂. Afterward, for the grafted PEI, two polymer reactions, tertiary amination reaction and quaterisation, were allowed to be carried out in turn, and a kind of functional composite particles, QPEI/SiO₂, was obtained. QPEI/SiO₂ particles were used as solid adsorbent in the removal of chromate anions from aqueous solution. The static adsorption experiments (batch method) were performed, the effects of various factors on the adsorption capacity of QPEI/SiO₂ were examined, and the dynamic desorption experiments were also carried out. The experimental results show that QPEI/SiO₂ particles have strong adsorption ability for CrO₄²⁻ ions by right of electrostatic interaction, and the saturated adsorption amount actually reach up to 0.14 g/g. The isothermal adsorption behaviour is fitted to Langmuir model. The adsorption ability of QPEI/SiO₂ particles for CrO₄²⁻ ions is affected greatly by the quaterisation degree of the grafted PEI macromolecules. The QPEI/SiO₂ particles with higher quaterisation degrees have greater adsorption capacities. The adsorption ability of QPEI/SiO₂ particles for CrO₄²⁻ ions is nearly independent of pH values of the medium. QPEI/SiO₂ particles have excellent eluting and regenerating property as a mixed solution of NaOH and NaCl is used as eluent.     

活性污泥性质检测方法的比较研究

以印染废水生物处理推流式曝气池中的好氧活性污泥为研究对象,采用污泥沉降比(SV)、污泥浓度(MLSS)、污泥容积指数(SVI)等常规指标检测活性污泥的性质,并与ATP法和TTC-脱氢酶活性法进行了对比.通过比较得出各种方法的适用范围和条件,结果表明:当活性污泥的SV和SVI值变化时,用ATP法能更加准确地反映活性污泥的...     

Anti‐biofouling anion exchange membrane using surface modified quaternized poly(ether imide) for microbial fuel cells

This article deals with a novel way of improving the anti‐biofouling potential of an anion exchange membrane (AEM) by surface modification with ethanol amine (AEOH), a low cost material without affecting the chemical structure and morphology of Quaternized Poly(ether imide) ( QPEI), the host membrane. The anti‐biofouling potential of the AEM was evaluated using bacteria anti‐adhesion test, hydrophilicity, surface roughness, water uptake, and the AEOH modification time. The data reveal that power density in all MFCs attain the highest in the sixth batch and thereafter declined albeit in a varying rate as expected measuring the least for QPEI‐30. Periodical measurement of internal resistance and protein content on the membrane surfaces were found to be the least for QPEI‐30 when compared with others. A reduced biofouling with improved anti‐biofouling property is attributed to the enhanced hydrophilicity due to surface modification. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 44432.     

季铵化聚乙烯亚胺/SiO_2微粒的制备及其抗菌性能

通过4-溴丁酰氯的媒介,将水溶性聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)接枝在纳米SiO2表面,分别用1-溴己烷和碘甲烷对接枝的PEI进行N-烷基化修饰,使PEI中的部分氨基转变成季铵盐,得到水不溶性季铵化聚乙烯亚胺(QPEI)/SiO2微粒,其中PEI接枝量质量分数为14.8%,季铵化的氨基质量分数22.8%。红外光谱分析证实PEI接枝在纳米SiO2表面,随后成功地被卤代烷N-烷基化修饰。透射电镜观察发现QPEI/SiO2的形态不规则,大多数颗粒团聚成200—300 nm的微粒。抗菌检测结果表明,QPEI/SiO2微粒对金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureu)和大肠杆菌(E.coli)的最小抑菌质量浓度(MIC)分别为80μg/mL和1 200μg/mL。QPEI/SiO2微粒破坏了细胞的完整性,最终将整个细胞分解成碎片。     

一种新型联吡啶双子季铵盐的合成及缓蚀性能

以4,4'-联吡啶和氯化苄为原料,经季铵化反应制备了化合物1,1?-二苄基-4,4?-联吡啶双子季铵盐(PBA),产率为76.3%,通过FTIR、~1HNMR对产物结构进行了表征;利用失重法、电化学技术、AFM考察了PBA对1 mol/L盐酸溶液中Q235钢的缓蚀作用和其在Q235钢表面的吸附行为。结果表明,PBA是一种同时抑制阴、阳极的混合型缓蚀剂,缓蚀率随PBA浓度的增加而增加,随温度的升高而略有降低。当PBA质量浓度为80 mg/L时,缓蚀率可达96.53%。PBA在Q235钢表面的吸附为放热反应,遵循Langmuir等温式,是以化学吸附为主的混合型吸附。PBA在钢表面形成了一层致密的保护膜,大大阻碍了钢腐蚀。使用量子化学法研究了PBA的缓蚀机理,结果表明,PBA的活性区域集中于苯环和杂环上,且PBA分子接受电子的能力大于提供电子的能力。     

Radiation synthesis, characterisation and antimicrobial application of novel copolymeric silver/poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate/itaconic acid) nanocomposite hydrogels

Silver nanoparticles were fabricated via in situ reduction of silver nitrate embedded in swollen P(HEMA/IA) hydrogel, using gamma radiolysis method. Copolymeric hydrogels based on 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and itaconic acid (IA), previously synthesised by gamma radiation for wound dressing application, were used as a carrier and a stabilising agent, while ethyl alcohol was used as a free radical scavenger. The influence of different P(HEMA/IA) hydrogels and silver salt concentrations on the size and distribution of nanoparticles was investigated. The Ag/P(HEMA/IA) nanocomposites were characterised by high resolution scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis spectroscopy and swelling measurements. Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacterium), Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacterium) and Candida albicans (fungus) were used to prove the antimicrobial properties of Ag/P(HEMA/IA) nanocomposites. The inhibition kinetics of bacteria growth was investigated by measuring the colony-forming unit. The antimicrobial effectiveness of the Ag/P(HEMA/IA) hydrogel nanocomposite was demonstrated even at small silver concentrations. P(HEMA/IA) hydrogels containing nanosilver particles was found suitable to be used as wound dressing.     

聚维酮碘在硅胶表面的固载化及其杀菌性能

将N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)接枝聚合到硅胶表面,制得接枝微粒PVP/SiO2;使接枝微粒PVP/SiO2在乙醇溶液中与碘发生络合反应,形成水不溶的聚维酮碘PVP-I2/SiO2,即实现了聚维酮碘的固载化. 考察了各种因素对络合反应的影响规律,用红外光谱与化学分析法对功能微粒PVP-I2/SiO2的化学结构与组成进行了表征. 以大肠杆菌为致病菌体,采用平板活菌计数法研究了PVP-I2/SiO2的杀菌性能. 研究结果表明,PVP/SiO2与碘的络合反应的适宜温度为60℃,经12 h后达到络合平衡,络合度随溶液中碘浓度的增大而提高,最大约为0.16%(w). 固载化的功能微粒PVP-I2/SiO2具有很强的杀菌能力,在药剂量为5 g/L的条件下,与浓度为109 CFU/mL的菌悬液接触3 min,即可使杀菌率达100%;胞外DNA和RNA测定与TTC-脱氢酶活性测定结果验证了水不溶聚维酮碘PVP-I2/SiO2的杀菌机理.     

Arginine self-assembled monolayers against copper corrosion and synergistic effect of iodide ion

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of arginine (Arg) were formed on copper surface. The corrosion protection properties of the Arg SAMs were examined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization techniques in 0.5 M HCl solution. The results show that Arg SAMs have limited protection effect. The protective efficiency increased with an increase of self-assembly time and reached maximum protection at 6 h. When iodide ion was added to the Arg-containing solution, the ability of the corrosion inhibition of the mixed SAMs improved significantly. The corrosion protection mechanism of Arg SAMs is discussed based on AM1 quantum-chemical calculations.