季铵化聚乙烯亚胺/SiO_2微粒的制备及其抗菌性能

通过4-溴丁酰氯的媒介,将水溶性聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)接枝在纳米SiO2表面,分别用1-溴己烷和碘甲烷对接枝的PEI进行N-烷基化修饰,使PEI中的部分氨基转变成季铵盐,得到水不溶性季铵化聚乙烯亚胺(QPEI)/SiO2微粒,其中PEI接枝量质量分数为14.8%,季铵化的氨基质量分数22.8%。红外光谱分析证实PEI接枝在纳米SiO2表面,随后成功地被卤代烷N-烷基化修饰。透射电镜观察发现QPEI/SiO2的形态不规则,大多数颗粒团聚成200—300 nm的微粒。抗菌检测结果表明,QPEI/SiO2微粒对金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureu)和大肠杆菌(E.coli)的最小抑菌质量浓度(MIC)分别为80μg/mL和1 200μg/mL。QPEI/SiO2微粒破坏了细胞的完整性,最终将整个细胞分解成碎片。     

新型季铵树脂的制备及杀菌性能

以γ-氯丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-胺丙基三乙氧基硅烷为原料,在碘化钾催化下,制备了有机硅氧烷叔胺单体[N(C3H6Si(OC2H5)3)3];单体经水解、缩合、季铵化,得到聚硅氧烷季铵盐型树脂.杀菌实验结果表明:当浓度为5.4×103个/mL的大肠杆菌或金黄色葡萄球菌菌悬液,分别以15 mL/min的流速通过1 g树脂层后,树脂对其杀菌率分别为100%和99.80%,再生后的树脂对两种细菌的杀菌率分别可以恢复到100%和99.76%.     

一种含杂环双季铵盐的合成及杀菌缓蚀性能研究

以环氧氯丙烷、N-甲基吗啉和十二胺为原料,先后分两步反应,反应温度控制在40℃和80℃,反应时间为10 h和3 h,合成标题化合物,并对其杀菌缓蚀性能进行了研究。结果表明,所合成的双季铵盐在杀菌时间为8~12 h、投加浓度为70~100 mg/L时,杀菌率达90%以上,杀菌性能优于传统杀菌剂十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(1227);具有对碳钢良好的缓蚀效果,缓蚀率达80%左右。     

改性活性炭负载高分子季铵盐的杀菌性能

引言活性炭比表面积大、吸附性能好,广泛应用在空气污染防治和工业废水处理中,如大型通风系统的过滤器、肾透析病房的水处理系统[1-2]。然而,活性炭表面易繁殖细菌,使其本身也成了微生物的污染源,从而影响净化空气或水的效果[3]。目前,对抗菌炭材料的研究越来越受到关注,多数工作者     

季铵化腐植酸的合成及其性能的研究

合成了季铵化腐植酸水处理剂,并对其杀菌灭藻、阻垢、缓蚀性能进行了评价。结果表明：季铵化腐植酸的杀菌灭藻性能得到很大提高,在药剂质量浓度为３０－４０ｍｇ／Ｌ时,可与洁尔灭的杀菌灭藻性能相媲美,同时,改性后,腐植酸的阻垢、缓蚀性能也得到较大幅度的改善。     

喹啉季铵盐类缓蚀剂在盐酸中的缓蚀性能研究

喹啉与含芳环的烷基化试剂制成的季铵盐具有良好的缓蚀性能,用缩合剂增大分子量可获得性能更优良的缓蚀剂,季铵盐缓蚀剂与丙炔醇复配后,可以使缓蚀率进一步提高,并获得光亮的试片表面。     

天然高分子改性季铵盐水处理剂的絮凝-缓蚀-杀菌作用机理研究

随着新型水处理药剂的不断开发，药剂作用机理的研究也在不断深化。概括各种典型有机水处理药剂的应用性能，可以看出药剂的功能基团和药剂的分予量是影响药剂性能的关键。     

咪唑啉季铵盐缓蚀作用研究

１－（２′－氨基乙基）－２－烷基（或烯基）咪唑啉与氯苄反应的产物是金属酸洗用的缓蚀剂。极化曲线表明这种咪唑啉季铵盐缓蚀剂明显抑制阴，阳极反应，属混合型缓蚀剂。     

油酸咪唑啉季铵盐的复配缓蚀性能研究

以油酸、二乙烯三胺、氯化苄为原料合成了油酸咪唑啉季铵盐,采用电化学极化法测试了其对N80钢片在1mol·L-1盐酸溶液中的缓蚀性能;然后分别将KI、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、丙炔醇(PA)与油酸咪唑啉季铵盐进行复配,并测试了3种复配试剂对油酸咪唑啉季铵盐缓蚀率的影响。结果表明:当油酸咪唑啉季铵盐浓度达到50 mg·L-1时,N80钢片的腐蚀速率最小,缓蚀率高达92%;随着油酸咪唑啉季铵盐浓度的增大,缓蚀率趋于稳定;3种复配试剂对油酸咪唑啉季铵盐的缓蚀率都有明显改善,KI和SDBS的复配均能使缓蚀率达到95%以上,PA的复配效果最佳,缓蚀率可达到99%以上。     

氨基磺酸水溶液中含羟基季铵盐类的缓蚀作用的研究

研究了合成的十二烷基二甲基（２－羟基）乙基氯化铵等含羟基季铵盐，对２０＾＃碳钢在１０％氨基磺酸水溶液中的缓蚀作用。结果表明：这一类季铵盐在酸性介质中有良好的缓蚀作用，随着烷基链的增长，缓蚀效率增加。     

Adsorption behaviour of functional grafting particles based on polyethyleneimine for chromate anions

Polyethyleneimine (PEI) was first grafted on the surfaces of micro-sized silica gel particles in the manner of the coupling graft, forming the grafting particles PEI/SiO₂. Afterward, for the grafted PEI, two polymer reactions, tertiary amination reaction and quaterisation, were allowed to be carried out in turn, and a kind of functional composite particles, QPEI/SiO₂, was obtained. QPEI/SiO₂ particles were used as solid adsorbent in the removal of chromate anions from aqueous solution. The static adsorption experiments (batch method) were performed, the effects of various factors on the adsorption capacity of QPEI/SiO₂ were examined, and the dynamic desorption experiments were also carried out. The experimental results show that QPEI/SiO₂ particles have strong adsorption ability for CrO₄²⁻ ions by right of electrostatic interaction, and the saturated adsorption amount actually reach up to 0.14 g/g. The isothermal adsorption behaviour is fitted to Langmuir model. The adsorption ability of QPEI/SiO₂ particles for CrO₄²⁻ ions is affected greatly by the quaterisation degree of the grafted PEI macromolecules. The QPEI/SiO₂ particles with higher quaterisation degrees have greater adsorption capacities. The adsorption ability of QPEI/SiO₂ particles for CrO₄²⁻ ions is nearly independent of pH values of the medium. QPEI/SiO₂ particles have excellent eluting and regenerating property as a mixed solution of NaOH and NaCl is used as eluent.     

Preparation and antimicrobial activity of terpene-based polyurethane coatings with carbamate group-containing quaternary ammonium salts

A series of novel carbamate group-containing quaternary ammonium salts (QASs) have been synthesized, which were subsequently used as antimicrobial agent and incorporated into polyurethane coatings through crosslinking with terpene-based polyol and polyisocyanate. The chemical structures of QASs were characterized by FT-IR, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR. The effects of QASs on the properties of coatings were investigated. The results showed that the resulting coatings exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by introducing QASs into the polyurethane networks. Furthermore, with the increasing of QAS content, the antimicrobial activity and adhesion of the coatings were enhanced, while the pencil hardness, water resistance and thermal stability of the coatings were decreased.     

A high-efficacy and regenerable antimicrobial resin containing quaternarized N-halamine groups

A novel macroporous cross-linked antimicrobial resin containing quaternarized N-halamine groups, poly(1-chloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoinyl-3-ethyl-p-ethenylphenylmethyl dimethylammonium chloride) (Cl-PSQH), has been synthesized by a facile three-step reaction. The as-prepared resins were characterized by FT-IR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and zeta-potential measurement. Antimicrobial tests showed that Cl-PSQH was capable of about a 7-log inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7 within 1 min of contact. Also, its regenerability and preliminary storage stability were investigated.     

Self-stratifying antimicrobial polyurethane coatings

In this work antimicrobial polyurethane coatings were prepared aiming at self-stratification. A hydroxyl end-capped liquid oligoester consisting of three equimolar diacids and an excess of 1,4-butanediol has been synthesized by a condensation reaction. A set of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) which are well known contact killers, was synthesized via a straightforward quaternization reaction. These synthesized precursors were later covalently bonded to the polymer network by addition of a polyisocyanate crosslinker resulting in antimicrobial polyurethane coatings. Self-stratification was confirmed by dynamic contact angle analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The final films showed strong antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli type bacteria.     

Keggin结构多金属氧酸铵盐的缓蚀性能评价

在室温条件下用液相直接沉淀法合成了6种Keggin结构的磷钨酸铵盐,并进行了IR光谱表征.采用静态、动态挂片失重法研究考察了6种多金属氧酸铵盐在水介质中对20~#钢的缓蚀作用,通过扫描电镜对金属表面成膜或腐蚀情况进行了分析和评价.研究结果表明,Keggin结构磷钨酸铵盐均是碳钢良好的缓蚀剂,有机铵盐的缓蚀性能优于无机铵盐.     

Quaternary ammonium-based biomedical materials: State-of-the-art,toxicological aspects and antimicrobial resistance

Microbial infections affect humans worldwide. Many quaternary ammonium compounds have been synthesized that are not only antibacterial, but also possess antifungal, antiviral and anti-matrix metalloproteinase capabilities. Incorporation of quaternary ammonium moieties into polymers represents one of the most promising strategies for preparation of antimicrobial biomaterials. Various polymerization techniques have been employed to prepare antimicrobial surfaces with quaternary ammonium functionalities; in particular, syntheses involving controlled radical polymerization techniques enable precise control over macromolecular structure, order and functionality. Although recent publications report exciting advances in the biomedical field, some of these technological developments have also been accompanied by potential toxicological and antimicrobial resistance challenges. Recent evidenced-based data on the biomedical applications of antimicrobial quaternary ammonium-containing biomaterials that are based on randomized human clinical trials, the golden standard in contemporary medicinal science, are included in the present review. This should help increase visibility, stimulate debates and spur conversations within a wider scientific community on the implications and plausibility for future developments of quaternary ammonium-based antimicrobial biomaterials.     

聚硅氧烷季铵盐的合成及其抗菌性

以六甲基二硅氧烷(MM)为封头剂，氢氧化四甲铵的硅醇盐为催化剂，使N，N-二乙基-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷通过水解再和八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)制得叔胺基硅油，再以氯化苄为季铵化试剂．合成了聚硅氧烷季铵盐。应用IR和^1NMR对产品结构进行了表征，结果与预期值基本吻合。该产品具有明显的表面活性剂性能，测得其临界胶束浓度cmc为0．05％，最小表面张力σcmc为44．8mN／m。抑菌圈实验表明：产品对大肠杆菌有优良的抗菌性，对霉菌有一定的抑制作用。AATCC100抗菌实验表明：质量分数大于0．5％的聚硅氧烷季铵盐水溶液对大肠杆菌的抑菌率达到了100％。     

Effect of surface nanocrystallization on corrosion and corrosion inhibition of low carbon steel: Synergistic effect of methionine and iodide ion

The corrosion properties of a nanocrystalline low carbon steel coating (SNCLCS) fabricated on a low carbon steel substrate by magnetron sputtering and the bulk steel (BLCS) were investigated in aerated 0.5 M H₂SO₄ solution by EIS and polarization techniques. The corrosion inhibiting effect of methionine and synergistic KI additives was also studied. The results show that both specimens underwent active corrosion with no transition to passivation in the potential range studied. Surface nanocrystallization was observed to increase the corrosion susceptibility of low carbon steel, leading to a decrease in interfacial impedance and an increase in the kinetics of the anodic reaction. Methionine inhibited the corrosion of both specimens with comparable inhibition efficiencies and iodide ions synergistically increased the inhibition efficiency. This synergistic effect was, however, more pronounced for BLCS. This has been discussed vis-à-vis the more positive surface charge on BLCS compared to SNCLCS.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of polysiloxane-containing quaternary ammonium salts on bacteria and phytopathogenic fungi

A series of dimethylaminopropyl benzyl chloride grafted polysiloxanes (PDMS-g-BCs) with tunable molecular weights and cationic content were synthesized, and the effect of polymer structure on the antimicrobial activities against bacteria (Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus albus (S. albus)) and phytopathogenic fungi (Rhizoctonia solani (R. solani) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 (Foc4)) were systematically assessed. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against E. coli and S. albus by the broth dilution method, and the antifungal activity was measured by mycelia growth inhibition as well as by the MIC and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values. The molecular weight and cationic content were major determinants of the activities of PDMS-g-BCs; when the molecular weight was approximately 2500 g/mol and the cationic content was approximately 20 mol% of the total siloxane units, PDMS-g-BCs gained strong antimicrobial activities toward both E. coli and Foc4, comparable to those of a commonly used broad-spectrum microbicide benzalkonium chloride, making PDMS-g-BCs promising fungicidal agents for plant disease control.     

复配新型咪唑啉缓蚀剂的性能研究

以咪唑啉和乙二胺为主要原料,复配了一种新型水溶性咪唑啉缓蚀剂A-4,通过静态、动态等实验方法测定咪唑啉缓蚀剂在不同酸介质中、不同添加浓度、不同温度等条件下的缓蚀性能。结果表明,复配的咪唑啉缓蚀剂在加入量为15 mg/L,温度为50℃,pH值为2.52,转速为120 r/min时,对A3钢片具有一定的缓蚀性能,其缓蚀率可达到98.59%。