MEA、DEA浸渍改性SBA-15对CO_2吸附性能的研究

为实现CO_2的高效捕集,采用浸渍法将MEA、DEA分别负载到介孔材料SBA-15的孔道内,研究改性前后样品对CO_2吸附性能的影响,其中主要分析不同温度下CO_2吸附量的变化情况。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、低温N2吸附-脱附(BET)、热重分析(TGA)等手段对所得样品进行表征。结果表明,MEA、DEA均负载到SBA-15的孔道内部,且没有破坏介孔结构;经MEA、DEA改性后样品的吸附性能显著提高,最大吸附量分别提高了51%和75%。     

介孔硫化锌的合成与表征

以表面活性剂十二胺( Dodecylamine,DDA)为模板剂, 在中性条件下合成了ZnS颗粒的介孔(mesoporous)结构, 结合N2 吸附脱附曲线、透射电子显微分析(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对所得样品进行了表征。结果表明,采用溶剂萃取的方法除去模板剂后得到了高纯度、立方相的ZnS 介孔结构颗粒,产品具有较高比表面积(223m2/g)和较窄孔径分布(4.9nm)。此外,借助傅立叶红外分析(FTIR)和热失重分析(TGA),讨论了有机模板剂在不同样品中的存在和作用。     

单分散纳米二氧化硅微球的制备及羧基化改性

采用改进工艺条件的Stober法制备纳米SiO_2微球.用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)分析了纳米二氧化硅的形貌、粒径.结果表明,通过温度梯度法和控制氨水浓度变化制备出高圆度、单分散、粒径可控的纳米级二氧化硅微球.用KH-550硅烷偶联剂和丁二酸酐对纳米二氧化硅表面羧基化改性.采用X射线能谱仪(EDS)、热重(TGA)、傅里叶红外(FTIR)等手段对改性后纳米二氧化硅的结构、元素种类及含量进行了表征.结果表明,纳米二氧化硅表面成功接枝了羧基官能团.     

改性处理对水稻秸秆纤维结构和性能的影响

采用酸处理、碱处理与球磨研磨相结合对水稻秸秆纤维进行改性处理。通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、广角X射线衍射(XRD)、热失重分析(TGA)等表征方法对处理前后的水稻秸秆纤维的结构与性能进行了测试分析。FT-IR结果表明,酸、碱化学处理方法能有效去除水稻秸秆中的木质素和半纤维素。XRD结果揭示了处理后的秸秆纤维的结晶度得到提高。TGA测试表明,经酸、碱改性处理后,秸秆纤维的热稳定性得到改善,分解温度提高。酸处理和碱处理均可以有效去除部分杂质,达到纯化稻草秸秆的目的,提高水稻秸秆中纤维素的比例。     

微胶囊壁材用三聚氰胺甲醛树脂的改性及性能研究

制备出问苯二胺、间苯二酚改性三聚氰胺甲醛树脂.利用红外光谱测试表征产物的结构;通过热失重仪和差示扫描量热器测定了树脂的热失重率以及相变焓,研究了改性后树脂的热稳定性的变化.结果表明,经过化学改性后,三聚氰胺甲醛树脂分子引入苯环结构,使树脂在300℃左右的热稳定性得到提高.     

天然斜发沸石的改性及其对海水中K~+吸附交换容量的研究

为提高天然斜发沸石对海水中K+的吸附交换容量,对天然沸石进行了电炉、微波和超声波加热物理改性以及微波化学改性研究。重点考察了不同微波功率和处理时间时盐改性以及不同微波化学改性条件下所得沸石对海水中K+的吸附交换容量,同时对不同改性沸石的晶体结构进行了XRD表征。结果表明,天然斜发沸石经微波盐改性后对海水中K+的吸附交换容量有所提高,并随微波处理功率的增加和时间的延长而增大;经微波化学改性后吸附交换容量显著提高,可达0.71mmol/g;各种改性方式未对沸石的结构构成破坏,所得改性沸石的晶体结构基本相似。     

含酚酞结构的聚苯并噁嗪的合成

采用酚酞、苯胺和甲醛为原料制备了一种新型的苯并噁嗪中间体(BPZ),并通过热固化得到含酚酞结构的高性能的聚苯并噁嗪树脂(PBPZ).采用FTIR和1H NMR表征了中间体的结构,采用DSC和FTIR研究了中间体的热固化过程,最后采用DSC,DMA和TGA表征了固化树脂的热性能.结果表明:固化后所得树脂(PBPZ)具有优异的热性能,玻璃化转变温度为291℃(DSC),247℃(DMA),5％和10％的热失重温度分别为371℃和435℃,在800℃氮气氛的残炭率高达65％.     

RTM改性苯并噁嗪树脂及复合材料性能研究

研究了RTM改性苯并噁嗪树脂及复合材料性能.用DMA研究RTM改性苯并噁嗪树脂体系的储能模量、损耗模量和玻璃化转变温度;用流变仪研究黏度特性;用TGA和TGA微分曲线研究热分解性能;并研究了RTM改性苯并噁嗪树脂及复合材料的力学性能.结果表明:RTM改性苯并噁嗪树脂体系的玻璃化转变温度是206℃;至少有400min的低黏度(η≤0.5Pa.s)时间作为工艺开放期;在氮气气氛下,RTM苯并噁嗪树脂体系热失重分两个主要阶段,在375℃时发生5％热失重,800℃残碳率是45.2％;RTM苯并噁嗪树脂基体拉伸强度72.4MPa,拉伸模量5.07GPa,弯曲强度173MPa,弯曲模量4.6GPa;碳纤维增强RTM苯并噁嗪树脂基复合材料的常规力学性能优异.     

紫外照射季铵盐单体接枝改性丙纶非织造布及其吸附作用

基于紫外光照射引发甲基丙烯酰丙基三甲基氯化铵(MAPTAC)接枝改性赋予丙纶非织造布染料吸附功能。用红外光谱、热失重和扫描电镜等方法表征改性织物的微观结构、性能及吸附分离作用。结果表明,MAPTAC成功接入丙纶织物表面,改性织物对阴离子染料表现出优异的吸附分离性能。对于接枝率为89.6%的织物,当吸附时间为120min,在35℃、45℃和55℃时染料(20mg/L,50mL)去除率均大于95%。吸附染料的改性织物可用阳离子活性剂/乙醇解吸。重复吸附10次,每次吸附率仍达99%以上,改性后的织物可以重复使用。     

聚酰胺对聚甲醛的稳定化作用

采用220℃等温热失重、等速升温热重分析(TGA)分别研究了以聚酰胺为稳定剂的聚甲醛体系POM／COPA、POM／SAN／PA在氮气和空气气氛中的热稳定性,同时用Coats-Redkrnd法计算了各体系在空气中的降解动力学参数。结果表明,加入稳定剂COPA、PA的聚甲醛体系在220℃等温热降解1h的失重率远小于空白POM;TG分析数据也显示改性后的聚甲醛体系在氮气中的Tonset明显高于空白POM.空气中空白POM的活化能及分解温度均低于改性聚甲醛。     

二苯基磷酸阻燃噁唑啉改性的聚丙烯腈的机理

通过氧指数(LOI )、热重分析(TGA)和锥形量热仪(CONE)研究了二苯基磷酸阻燃改性聚丙烯腈(PMPAN)的燃烧行为.LOI值和CONE的热释放速率(HRR)显示,接上二苯基磷酸后PMPAN的阻燃性得到了很大的提高.TGA测试的数据显示在阴燃或小火的作用下,PMPAN的阻燃属于凝聚相阻燃机理;而CONE测试的质量...     

聚氨酯改性有机硅热分解反应动力学的研究

以聚氨酯改性有机硅，用ＴＧＡ研究了改性体系的热分解行为，计算出了降解反应的反应级数、活化能及频率因子等动力学参数。结果表明，改性体系的热解两个明显不同的过程进行，两个过程有不同的动力学参数，并且改性体在它们中的失重比与体系ＰＵＲ和有机硅的质量比也不相同。     

纳米二氧化钛对质子辐照下MQ增强硅橡胶热性能的影响

采用空间综合辐照模拟设备研究了纳米二氧化钛对100keV和150keV能量质子辐照下MQ增强加成型硅橡胶损伤及热性能的影响.试验结果表明,质子辐照后,未添加纳米粒子的硅橡胶表面颜色明显加深,同时出现不同程度的老化裂纹,裂纹数量随辐照能量和剂量的增加而增加;辐照后硅橡胶的质损率增加,耐热性能下降;辐照后硅橡胶在玻璃态和玻璃转变区的温度区间内收缩率降低,而在高弹态的温度区间内膨胀率增加.添加纳米二氧化钛的硅橡胶与未改性硅橡胶相比,经过相同能量、剂量的质子辐照后,表面颜色加深和表面裂纹损伤的程度减小;质损率增加、耐热性能下降以及收缩膨胀率变化的程度均降低,表现出明显的抗辐照性能.     

Synthesis and structure evolution of phenolic resin/silicone hybrid composites with improved thermal stability

Phenolic resin/silicone hybrid composites (MPR) were prepared by a facile and low-cost method. FTIR results show that polycondensation of siloxane occurs in the presence of catalyst and water in the system, and siloxane oligomer was formed. During the curing process, the transesterification reaction between siloxane oligomer and phenolic resin (PR) makes silicon incorporated into PR. The TGA results indicate that introducing Si–O structure into PR can effectively improve the thermal stability of the resin. Compared with cured neat PR, temperatures at 5 and 10% mass loss of cured MPR can be improved by 43 and 36 °C. Its char yield at 800 °C was increased by about 9.1%. Cured MPR has been characterized by FTIR, XPS, XRD and Raman spectra to discuss the chemical state changes of silicon during pyrolysis process, as well as the effect of silicon on the char yield. On the one hand, the formation of Si–O–C structure can reduce the number of phenyl hydroxyl groups, which contributes to the reduced weight loss. On the other hand, the results indicate that Si–O_x structure was formed from the oxidation of Si–CH₃ and hydrolysis of Si–O–C structures. According to Raman analyses, introducing silicone into the system cannot help to promote the formation of a more ordered structure. Additionally, the mechanical properties of cured MPR have also been improved.     

Cu合金化Mg2NiH4储氢体系的组织结构与解氢性能

基于机械反应球磨技术在氢气气氛下成功合成了Mg2NiH4及Cu掺杂Mg2NiH4储氢体系,并采用XRD、SEM、DSC及TGA检测手段对其组织结构与解氢性能进行表征。结果显示,适当提高氢压、延长球磨时间均有助于2Mg-Ni混合物氢化反应的完全化及产物结构的纳米化;Cu掺杂可进一步加快混合物的氢化反应速率,但其产物结构的团聚现象却因MgCu2相的出现而趋于严重;综合热分析表明Cu掺杂不仅降低了Mg2NiH4的解氢温度,还加快了体系的解氢速率;研究结果很好地证实Cu元素是改善Mg2NiH4储氢体系解氢性能最理想的合金化元素之一。     

Microcrystalline silicon growth on a-Si:H: effects of hydrogen

Spectroscopic ellipsometry and secondary ion mass spectrometry have been performed on structures consisting of a microcrystalline silicon film deposited on different a-Si:H substrates. The substitution of hydrogen by deuterium in the microcrystalline growth allowed us to quantify the long-range effects of hydrogen and to distinguish between the different layers. The thicknesses deduced from ellipsometry measurements were in excellent agreement with the secondary ion mass spectrometry profiles. Moreover, we clearly show that the a-Si:H film on which the microcrystalline silicon is deposited can be modified because of the diffusion of hydrogen necessary to the formation of the microcrystalline silicon. However, this modification strongly depends on the deposition conditions and abrupt interfaces can be achieved in some cases.     

Highly Porous Silicon Membranes Fabricated from Silicon Nitride/Silicon Stacks

Nanopore formation in silicon films has previously been demonstrated using rapid thermal crystallization of ultrathin (15 nm) amorphous Si films sandwiched between nm‐thick SiO₂ layers. In this work, the silicon dioxide barrier layers are replaced with silicon nitride, resulting in nanoporous silicon films with unprecedented pore density and novel morphology. Four different thin film stack systems including silicon nitride/silicon/silicon nitride (NSN), silicon dioxide/silicon/silicon nitride (OSN), silicon nitride/silicon/silicon dioxide (NSO), and silicon dioxide/silicon/silicon dioxide (OSO) are tested under different annealing temperatures. Generally the pore size, pore density, and porosity positively correlate with the annealing temperature for all four systems. The NSN system yields substantially higher porosity and pore density than the OSO system, with the OSN and NSO stack characteristics fallings between these extremes. The higher porosity of the Si membrane in the NSN stack is primarily due to the pore formation enhancement in the Si film. It is hypothesized that this could result from the interfacial energy difference between the silicon/silicon nitride and silicon/silicon dioxide, which influences the Si crystallization process.     

分子筛和SiO_2对含三嗪大分子膨胀阻燃聚丙烯体系的阻燃协效性

研究了两种化合物4A分子筛(Zeolite4A)和二氧化硅(SiO2)对聚丙烯膨胀阻燃新体系聚丙烯/聚磷酸铵/三嗪系成炭剂(PP/APP/CFA)阻燃性的影响,通过垂直燃烧、氧指数、热重分析、锥形量热仪和扫描电镜等技术研究表明,这两种含硅物质均能有效提高聚丙烯体系的阻燃性。膨胀阻燃剂能有效降低聚丙烯材料的热释放速率和烟释放速率,特别是,这两种含硅物质能明显降低聚丙烯体系第二个燃烧过程的热释放速率和烟释放速率。     

不同粒度二氧化硅粉末对炭/炭复合材料防氧化涂层的影响

研究二氧化硅微米粉和纳米粉质量分数分别为6%,12%,18%和24%时所形成的防氧化涂层对炭/炭复合材料抗氧化性能的影响,并对涂层氧化前后的组成、形貌变化进行X射线衍射分析(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜分析(SEM)。结果表明:随着SiO2微米粉含量的增加,涂层氧化失重率先减后增,其最佳含量为18%,氧化失重率0.38%;而添加SiO2纳米粉涂层则随着含量的增加,氧化失重率增加,其含量最低为6%时,氧化失重率最小,为2.88%。     

Quantification of hydroxyl content in ceramic oxides: a prompt gamma activation analysis study of BaTiO3

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques for water content determination were compared with a neutron characterization technique, prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA). Residual H content in the samples, heat treated at various temperatures, was measured with PGAA and compared with the results obtained from TGA. Two major difficulties in TGA were overlapping of mass loss regimes due to removal of different species and residual water that could not be removed, even though the samples were heated above 900 degrees C. After 3 h of heat treatment at 900 degrees C, 0.007% mass fraction H remained in the sample. FT-IR spectra confirmed the presence of H semiquantitatively. It is concluded that residual H remains even after high-temperature treatments.