喷油提前角与供油提前角有何区别？如何随车判断供油工时？

喷油提前角与供油提前角有何区别？如何随车判断供油工时？答：由于柴油喷人燃烧室后并不立即燃烧，只有当最先喷人燃烧室的燃油温度达到自燃温度后．才能开始着火．因此，为与着火滞后的特性相适应，就必须使柴油喷人燃烧室的时刻适当提前．当喷油泵第一缸柱塞开始供油瞬...     

柴油两段喷射中预喷对主喷燃烧特性影响试验研究

采用可视化定容弹搭配高速数码相机研究柴油两段喷射过程中预喷对主喷喷雾在低温下的燃烧特性的影响。通过对单段喷雾燃烧过程的试验研究发现,随喷射压力增大单段喷雾燃烧的着火延迟期与燃烧持续期减小,而火焰浮起长度与液相长度增大。同时,在相同喷射压力与喷射脉宽下对比单段喷雾燃烧过程与两段喷射主喷燃烧过程得到:两段喷雾的主喷着火位置更靠近喷嘴;主喷的着火延迟期大大缩短,但预喷量对其影响较小;两段喷雾的主喷燃烧持续期增大,且随着预喷量的增大而增大;两段喷雾的主喷燃烧火焰浮起长度小于单段喷雾燃烧火焰浮起长度,且随着预喷量的增大略有增大;两段喷雾燃烧的液相长度小于单段喷雾燃烧的液相长度,且随着预喷量的增大而减小。     

用光导纤维多色法对柴油机燃烧室内火焰温度与碳粒生成的研究

本文介绍了作者研制的分叉光导纤维４色法测量装置和采用它对直喷式４１３５型柴油机燃烧室内火焰温度和碳烟浓度测量的结果。以双色法为基础的４色法，通过数学方法可优化试验结果，减小测量误差。测量结果表明：在燃烧过程中，碳粒生成时间落后于温度上升时间，持续高温产生碳粒高浓度，后燃烧使碳粒浓度增加。随着负荷的增加，燃烧火焰温度及碳粒浓度增加，它们持续的时间也延长。燃烧终了破粒浓度和排气烟度增大。在喷注区会产生很高的碳粒质量浓度值，稀混合气区火焰温度上升较早。过后燃烧或供油提前角减小，使燃烧终了碳粒浓度增大。     

高速直喷柴油机的燃烧特性和排放试验研究

本文对一台四缸高速直喷柴油机的燃烧和排放特性进行了试验研究,分析研究了负荷及燃油喷射压力和供油提前角对该柴油机的着火延迟、瞬时放热率、NOx、CO及HC排放的影响。结果显示随着负荷及燃油喷射压力的提高着火延迟缩短、NOx排放增加;随着供油提前角的推迟NOx排放显著减少;而CO和HC的排放量与负荷及供油提前角的关系不大。     

喷油系统参数对二甲醚喷雾燃烧过程影响的实验研究

对发动机喷油系统参数对二甲醚(DME)喷雾燃烧过程的影响进行了实验研究，包括喷孔直径和喷油提前角对喷雾燃烧过程的影响。研究结果表明，喷孔直径对DME着火滞燃期和燃烧持续期几乎没有影响，喷孔直径增大，喷雾核心贯穿距增大，燃烧火焰在壁面附近持续时间延长；对于小孔径喷油嘴，燃烧火焰在喷嘴附近持续时间较长，在燃烧中后期可以看到明显的火焰亮光，表明小孔径喷油嘴易产生泄漏，而且随着孔径减小，亮度加强，泄漏越严重；示功图分析结果表明，喷孔直径增大，缸内工质平均温度升高，平均有效压力增大，大孔径喷油嘴有利于提高发动机热效率，但会导致NOx排放升高，在实验条件相当的情况下，喷油提前角对二甲醚着火滞燃期和燃烧持续期几乎没有影响。     

DME预混比和柴油供油提前角对PCCI发动机性能影响

在一台2105柴油机上采用进气道预混DME一缸内直喷柴油的复合方式实现PCCI燃烧,研究了DME预混比和柴油供油提前角对预混合压燃(premixed charge compression ignition,PCCI)发动机燃烧、排放特性和燃油经济性影响。研究结果表明:随DME预混比增加,PCCI发动机燃烧始点逐渐前移,缸内压力峰值增大,放热过程由两阶段放热变成三阶段放热,且放热率曲线整体前移,NO_x、碳烟排放和当量燃油消耗率均降低,而CO和HC排放及有效热效率均逐渐升高;随柴油供油提前角增大,PCCI发动机燃烧始点相应提前,缸内压力峰值逐渐增大,放热过程由三阶段放热变成两阶段放热,NO_x排放大幅升高,碳烟排放明显下降,CO和HC排放及当量燃油消耗率先下降后增加,而有效热效率则先升高后降低,     

小缸径直喷式柴油机喷雾,燃烧和碳粒生成过程试验研究

本介绍了作采用同步高速摄影技术和图象分析技术研究柴油机缸内碳粒生成和氧化过程的研究结果。研究结果表明：在柴油机燃烧过程中碳粒最早出现在燃烧室内有空气渗混的富油区；速燃期内高温富碳燃烧区的形状与着火前一时刻喷雾场的形状相吻合；富油区大直径油滴的燃烧裂解和活塞顶隙处外溢燃气的低温燃烧是柴油机产生碳烟微粒排放的主要原因。     

直喷式柴油机燃烧室形状对碳粒形成过程影响的试验研究

本文介绍了作者采用可视化技术和图象分析技术研究直喷式柴油机燃烧室形状对燃烧室内喷雾场和燃烧碳粒场影响的研究结果。分析了四角形燃烧室和盆形燃烧室喷雾发展历程和燃烧碳粒场发展历程，找出了四角形燃烧室碳粒排放量较低的原因。     

供油提前角对柴油/水煤浆混合燃料燃烧排放性能的影响

通过柴油机台架试验,分析了供油提前角变化对柴油/水煤浆混合燃料燃烧排放的影响.试验结果表明:当供油提前角调定为18 ℃A时,柴油/水煤浆混合燃料的有效燃油消耗率降低,热效率升高,燃烧持续期最短,增加或减少供油提前角都将延长燃烧持续期;供油提前角变化对柴油/水煤浆混合燃料的排放有较大影响,逐步增大供油提前角(由17到18 ℃A,再到19 ℃A),混合燃烧的烟度排放降低,Nox的排放先降低再升高,CO的排放先升高再降低,HC排放升高.     

高海拔(低介质密度)下燃油喷雾与燃烧特性

通过可视化喷雾与燃烧试验台,研究了不同海拔、低介质密度条件下燃油的喷雾和燃烧特性,并分析了各介质密度条件下不同喷射压力对燃油喷雾和燃烧特性的影响.结果表明:模拟不同海拔的发动机在高、中、低3个转速工况的缸内热力边界条件下喷雾的发展过程中,液相贯穿距先增加然后保持在相对稳定的数值,随模拟海拔高度增加,最大喷雾液相贯穿距明显增加,海拔3,000,m以上出现撞壁现象,喷雾锥角有小幅度减小,卷吸空气体积明显增大,但燃空当量比增加;海拔从0,m升高到4,500,m,着火滞燃期增加了0.2,ms,着火位置开始远离喷嘴,燃烧重心逐渐靠近壁面区域;在相同的喷孔直径下,随喷射压力升高,油束液相达到准稳态时刻提前,最大液相贯穿距基本不变,喷雾锥角略微增加,喷雾体燃空当量比减小且在高海拔变化明显,燃烧过程的滞燃期变化不大,着火位置后移.     

Study of the characteristic of diesel spray combustion and soot formation using laser-induced incandescence (LII)

In this paper, the planar images of diesel spray combustion flame and soot formation were measured and analyzed by using LII, in a constant volume combustion vessel. The effects of combustion flame and fuel–air mixing characteristics on soot formation and distribution of soot concentration were studied at different conditions. The result indicates that, with increase in ambient temperature and pressure, the ignition delay of diesel fuel is shorter. The increase of ambient temperature and pressure and the reduction of injection pressure shorten the diesel flame lift-off length. The lower the ambient temperature and pressure, the weaker LII signal intensity. At the same ambient temperature and pressure condition, the higher the diesel injection pressure, the smaller the soot production in diesel jet spray, and soot particles are primarily produced in the relative fuel-rich region, which is encompassed by the flame surface front at the downstream of the diesel jet.     

A study of spray strategies on improvement of engine performance and emissions reduction characteristics in a DME fueled diesel engine

This paper investigated the impact of injection angle and advance injection timing on combustion, emission, and performance characteristics in a dimethyl ether (DME) fueled compression ignition engine through experimentation on spray behaviors and the use of numerical methods. To achieve this aim, a visualization system and two injectors with different injection angles were used to analyze spray characteristics. The combustion, emission, and performance characteristics were analyzed by numerical methods using a detailed chemical kinetic DME oxidation model. Each of five injection angles and timings were selected to examine the effect of injection angle and timing. It was revealed that the injected spray with narrow injection angles was impinged on the bottom wall after the SOI of BTDC 60°, and most of the fuel spray and evaporation with the wide injection angles had a distribution at the crevice region when the injection timing was advanced. In addition, NO_x emissions at the SOI of BTDC 20° and TDC had higher values, and the soot emission quantities were extremely small. The narrow injection angles had good performance at the advanced injection timing, and the injection timing over a range of BTDC 40-20° showed superiority in performance characteristics.     

基于CFD的增压柴油机不同喷油提前角的排放影响分析

在考虑进气涡流比的情况下,对某490增压直喷柴油机不同喷油提前角下的缸内喷雾及燃烧过程进行了三维CFD模拟,给出了4种不同喷油提前角时的缸内火焰、NOx和Soot的时空分布.计算和分析了不同的喷油提前角下,上止点前后喷入缸内的油量比例、着火时刻、上止点温度、最高燃烧温度等对燃烧与排放物的影响.结果表明上止点前后的油量比例对排放有较大影响,对于该机型在喷油提前角较小的情况下,应考虑适当减小喷油锥角以充分利用燃烧室底部的空气.仅靠喷油提前角的变化并不能同时降低NOx和Soot的排量,并通过性能与排放试验进行了验证.     

Investigation on soot emissions from diesel-CNG dual-fuel

The burning of diesel and compressed natural gas (CNG) is attractive compared to diesel fuel because of the reduction of CO₂ emissions and particulate matter (PM) emissions. While soot emissions from the diesel-CNG combustion can be tested in a real-world single-cylinder engine, the soot formation characteristics cannot be tested in the same way. Therefore, to understand the mechanisms behind soot formation in diesel-CNG combustion, soot evolution must be investigated using a simulation model. In this study, the soot evolution is investigated under different CNG substitution ratios with single and split fuel injection. An AVL 5402 single-cylinder diesel engine was modified to run diesel/CNG dual-fuel to investigate the combustion and soot emissions. A new soot model using KIVA-3V R2 code and integrated with a reduced heptane/methane PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) mechanism was used to simulate soot behavior. For the combustion, the results show that the ignition delay gets extended, the combustion duration gets shorter and the peak pressure can be improved when CNG substitution ratio is increased both with single and split injection. Additionally, a slight increase of pressure is observed when the split injection is used. This is because the split injection is an effective strategy to change the distribution and vaporization of fuel, which results in an incremental increase in combustion efficiency and increase pressure. As the CNG substitution ratio is increased, soot emissions get drastically reduced. The reason is the equivalence ratio distribution of air-fuel becomes more homogenous and the local fuel-rich region shrinks with increasing of CNG substitution ratios. Pyrene is an important intermediate specie to generate soot particles. The results show that pyrene distribution decreases, leading to a reduced generation of soot precursors. As a result, the soot mass of CNG70 is less than the other two cases. The basic reason is the prolonged ignition delay allowed for more time for fuel−air mixing, which reduces soot mass formation.     

基于FIRE的柴油机燃烧过程的CFD研究

应用三维CFD仿真软件AVL FIRE对CY4102直喷式柴油机的燃烧过程进行了数值模拟计算,再现了缸内流体的运动过程、湍流参数的变化、燃油粒子的空间分布、燃烧过程的进展状况、传热过程以及缸内温度场的分布等,结果表明:随着喷油提前角的增大,滞燃期变长,最高平均温度、压力和放热率峰值均增大,且其对应的曲轴转角均有前移趋势...     

Bump环强化柴油混合过程的数值模拟研究

对双模式HCCI燃烧,促进其主喷阶段燃油的混合速率至关重要。采用CFD数值模拟方法研究了一种新型燃烧室设计——BUMP燃烧室对直喷柴油机喷雾燃烧过程的影响。结果表明,bump环扰动缸内气流运动产生复杂的流谱,形成强烈的湍流。燃油喷雾撞壁后,bump环剥离壁面射流形成二次空间射流,减少了燃油在燃烧室壁面的沉积,湍流混合速率大大增加。自燃着火时刻,BUMP燃烧室内有38．2％的燃油处于碳烟生成门槛之外,而对比燃烧室仅为28．9％。数值模拟解释了BUMP燃烧室同时降低NOx和碳烟排放的实验现象。此外,模拟还发现燃油混合速率对喷油定时非常敏感,存在一个高湍流混合速率曲轴转角区间。     

喷雾锥角对柴油机燃烧过程影响的数值模拟

柴油机燃烧过程中喷雾内部的物理化学过程非常复杂,传热、蒸发、扩散、流动等物理过程控制着化学反应,影响着火和燃烧过程,进而决定着发动机的动力性、经济性以及排放性能。利用CFD分析软件FIRE对一台直列6缸增压柴油机的喷雾与燃烧过程进行模拟。研究了喷雾锥角对燃烧过程的影响规律以及喷雾锥角对碳烟和NOx生成的影响。     

Experimental study of the diesel spray combustion and soot characteristics for different double-injection strategies in a constant volume combustion chamber

In this work, broadband luminosity was used to detect ignition delay and diffused back-illumination extinction imaging was employed to measure soot property with different double-injection strategies in a constant volume combustion chamber under different ambient conditions. The interaction between the two-stage injections have been studied experimentally with two key parameters, dwell time and first injection duration. Results show that in two-stage injection cases, a faster flame propagation speed and a more homogeneous soot concentration distribution were observed in the second injection. Besides, averaged KL value in soot regions of the second injection is slightly less than that of the first one. The first injection has a better effect on the ignition delay of the second injection under low ambient pressure. Meanwhile, the soot onset time of the second injection is advanced more obviously. However, compared with the first injection, the advance amount of the ignition delay and the soot onset time of the second injection shows no particular sensitivity with ambient temperature. With longer pilot injection duration, the initial sooting location of the main injection shows a slight reduction but the total soot mass seems to be constant with the variation of the pilot injection duration.     

Soot processes in compression ignition engines

While diesel engines are arguably superior to any other power-production device for the transportation sector in terms of efficiency, torque, and overall driveability, they suffer from inferior performance in terms of noise, NO_x and particulate emissions. The majority of particulate originates with soot particles which are formed in fuel-rich regions of burning diesel jets. Over the past two decades, our understanding of the formation process of soot in diesel combustion has transformed from inferences based on exhaust measurements and laboratory flames to direct in-cylinder observations that have led to a transformation in diesel engine combustion. In-cylinder measurements show the diesel spray to produce a jet which forms a lifted, partially premixed, turbulent diffusion flame. Soot formation has been found to be strongly dependent on air entrainment in the lifted portion of the jet as well as by oxygen in the fuel and to a lesser extent the composition and structure of hydrocarbons in the fuel. Soot surviving the combustion process and exiting in the exhaust is dominated by soot from fuel-rich pockets which do not have time to mix and burn prior to exhaust valve opening. Higher temperatures at the end of combustion enhance the burnout of soot, while high temperatures at the time of injection reduce air entrainment and increase soot formation. Using a conceptual model based on in-cylinder soot and combustion measurements, trends seen in exhaust particulate can be explained. The current trend in diesel engine emissions control involves multi-injection combustion strategies which are transforming the picture of diesel combustion rapidly into a series of low temperature, stratified charge, premixed combustion events where NO_x formation is avoided because of low temperature and soot formation is avoided by leaning the mixture or increasing air entrainment prior to ignition.