YBCO覆膜导体低成本制备研究

报道新近发展的离子束结构改性(ISM)技术以及同步织构(STEX)技术在YBCO覆膜导体制备中的最新进展。采用TFA-MOD工艺成功的在LaAlO_3(100)衬底上制备出了临界电流密度高达6.5 MA/cm~2 (77K,0T)的YBCO超导薄膜,其超导转变温度接近91K;同时还在LaAlO_3(100)衬底上成功地采用溶胶-凝胶工艺制备出了具有高度外延双轴织构取向的SrTiO_3缓冲层材料;在YSZ(100)衬底上采用溶胶-凝胶工艺制备出了具有高度双轴织构取向的CeO_2缓冲层材料。随后在这两种衬底上采用TFA-MOD工艺沉积的YBCO超导薄膜也获得了超过1MA/cm~2(77K,0T)的临界电流密度。作为制备实用化YBCO超导带材的新路线,在数厘米长的IBAD-YSZ/Hastelloy金属基带模板上,采用低成本化学溶液方法依次制备出了高质量的CeO_2缓冲层和YBCO超导薄膜,获得了高达1.2MA/cm~2(77K,0T)的临界电流密度。为长超导带材的制备打下了很好的基础。提出了在金属基带上制备YBCO覆膜导体的新方法一同步织构(STEX)法。用该方法可以有效解决RABiTS方法中的金属基带热处理变软...     

倾斜衬底沉积法在金属衬底上外延生长YBCO薄膜

YBa2Cu3O7-x(YBCO)镀膜导体在电力等能源领域有巨大应用前景.利用倾斜衬底沉积法在无织构的金属衬底上生长了MgO双轴织构的模板层,在这一模板层上实现了双轴织构的YBCO薄膜的外延生长.这些膜的双轴织构用X射线极图分析、φ-扫描作了测定,观测到了MgO[001]方向相对于衬底法线倾斜了31°.研究了不同缓冲层材料对YBCO外延生长的取向和双轴织构的影响,外延生长的高质量的YBCO薄膜的转变温度和临界电流密度分别达到了91K和5.5×105A/cm2的较高的值.     

低成本电化学法制备RE2Zr2O7缓冲层

为了降低第二代高温超导涂层导体的制备成本,采用电化学法(ED),在双轴织构的Ni-5at%W(Ni-5W)金属基带上分别成功制备出了具有较好c轴取向的La2Zr2O7(LZO)和Gd2Zr2O7(GZO)缓冲层.通过与磁控溅射方法(MS)相结合,制备出MS-CeO2/ED-RE2Zr2O7双层结构,用以取代完全用磁控溅射方法(MS)制备的多层缓冲层结构.电化学法得到的60 nm LZO缓冲层的面内和面外织构半高宽分别为7.2°和6.8°,同样厚度的GZO缓冲层的面内和面外半高宽分别为6.7°和5.8°.之后用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)在ED-LZO/Ni-5W,ED-GZO/Ni-5W,MS-CeO2/ED-LZO/Ni-5W三种结构的缓冲层上分别制备出具有超导性能的YBa2Cu3O7-δ(YBCO)超导层.     

强立方织构Ni-40%Cu-3%W及复合基带的制备

本工作采用轧制辅助双轴织构技术(RABiTS)制备了无铁磁性的Ni-40%Cu-3%W合金及Ni-40%Cu-3%W/Ni9W/Ni-40%Cu-3%W复合基带。采用X射线衍射技术(XRD)及背散射电子衍射技术(EBSD)对Ni-40%Cu-3%W合金基带再结晶热处理后的织构进行了表征,结果表明,对Ni-40%Cu-3%W合金基带进行再结晶退火后(1 050 ℃保温60 min),合金基带表面形成了锐利的立方织构。此外,采用粉末冶金技术制备出了Ni-40%Cu-3%W/Ni9W/Ni-40%Cu-3%W合金复合坯锭,并采用RABiTS技术制备出了无铁磁性的复合基带,其室温下的屈服强度为255 MPa,明显高于商业化生产的Ni5W合金基带的屈服强度,弥补了Ni5W合金基带在磁性能和力学性能上的不足。     

银基带及YBCO高温超导薄膜的织构研究

通过温轧及退火制备了强立方织构的Ag基带,并通过冷轧及退火制备了强的{110}双轴织构的Ag基带,为高温涂层超导提供了很好的基带材料.在所制备的强立方织构和强{110}〈112〉双轴织构的银带上,用准分子脉冲激光方法直接沉积了YBCO超导薄膜.{110}<211〉双轴织构的银带较立方织构的银带更利于YBCO薄膜的外延生长,在{110},211〉双轴织构的银带上沉积的YBCO薄膜,临界电流值达到2～6×105A/cm2(77K,0T).     

制备高温超导涂层导体的技术路线分析

钇系高温超导涂层导体具备优异的超导性能,有广泛的应用前景,因此成为国际上的研究热点之一。近年来涂层导体长带的研制在日本和美国等国家取得了巨大进展,目前主要的技术路线为离子束辅助沉积(IBAD)和轧制辅助双轴织构基带(RABiTS)2种,其中IBAD技术路线的使用更为广泛而且产品性能处于领先地位。基于对上述2种技术路线进行的对比分析研究,介绍了目前世界范围内主要研究单位的进展情况,并对这2种技术路线在涂层导体结构的3个基本部分(金属基带、过渡层、超导层)的制备情况进行了具体对比分析。     

涂层导体用NiW合金基带表面改性研究

由于硫元素与氧元素化学特性的相近,在Ni基带表面形成硫的c（2×2）-S有序超结构有助于控制在金属Ni基带表面生长的氧化物膜的织构类型。目前,大多数关于在Ni基带表面形成c（2×2）-S超结构的研究报道,都集中于以硫化氢气体作为硫源,采用先吸附后脱附的方法形成该结构。首次提出通过硫化铵水溶液硫化NiW合金基带,再通过热处理去除无序的物理吸附层,形成有序c（2×2）-S超结构的新技术路线。采用AES和RHEED分别对采用新硫化技术处理后的样品表面成分和结构进行研究,并通过XRD对硫化前后的NiW基带上采用化学溶液技术制备的缓冲层织构进行了研究。结果显示,采用新技术处理的金属基带表面有明显的硫元素存在,并且硫在NiW合金基带表面形成了c（2×2）-S超结构。新硫化处理技术改善了NiW基带表面的物理化学特性,有利于氧化物缓冲层的外延生长。     

双面高温超导带材研究进展

介绍了采用反应溅射法制备双面Y<,2>O<,3>双面种子层长带材,通过引入水汽使Y原子在RABiTS基带上氧化成膜,同时有效的避免了基带的氧化.通过对工艺参数的优化,成功制备了高质量的Y<,2>O<,3>种子层,其面内面外半高宽仅为3.8°和1.4°,大大改善了金属基带的双轴织构特性,同时薄膜表面粗糙度仅为2.8nm.在制备的高质量种子层上采用溅射方法外延生长YSZ阻挡层和CeO<,2>模板层,薄膜表面光滑,并具有良好的均匀性和双面一致性.用双倒简靶溅射法制备YBCO超导层,采用旋转结合轴向自动进退,改善了薄膜受热不均的现象,获得了高质量的双面高温超导带材.其中短样双面临界电流Ⅰ<,c>之和超过了400 A/cm-w,同时成功制备了长度超过1米,Ⅰ<,c>>210 A/cm-W的双面高温超导带材.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备YBCO薄膜及其缓冲层

采用溶胶-凝胶法在硅基板上先分别制备钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)和钛酸锶(STO)两种薄膜缓冲层。再以钇、钡和铜的醋酸盐为起始原料,选用三种络合剂,配制出了均匀、稳定的 YBCO溶胶;采用提拉法,分别在不同过渡层上制备了 YBCO 薄膜。进一步对 YBCO 纳米薄膜的热处理工艺、薄膜形貌和微观组织结构进行了初步研究。     

化学溶液沉积法制备Y2O3过渡层

为了满足YBa2Cu3O7(YBCO)超导带材生产实际的需要,在金属基带和YBCO超导薄膜之间制备一层合适的氧化物过渡层显得尤为重要。以乙酸钇为原料配制前驱体溶液,采用金属盐化学溶液沉积法在织构的Ni-5%W(质量分数)(Ni-5W)带上成功制备了Y_2O_3过渡层。结果显示,氮气氛下1050℃热处理1h后,所获得的Y_2O_3过渡层具有良好的晶体织构,晶体生长取向为(100),完全复制了Ni-5W带模板的结构,为YBCO生长提供了良好的模板。在Y_2O_3过渡层上制备的YBCO薄膜表现出良好的超导性能。     

Zero-valent iron nanoparticles preparation

Zero-valent iron nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrogenating [Fe[N(Si(CH₃)₃)₂]₂] at room temperature and a pressure of 3 atm. To monitor the reaction, a stainless steel pressure reactor lined with PTFE and mechanically stirred was designed. This design allowed the extraction of samples at different times, minimizing the perturbation in the system. In this way, the shape and the diameter of the nanoparticles produced during the reaction were also monitored. The results showed the production of zero-valent iron nanoparticles that were approximately 5 nm in diameter arranged in agglomerates. The agglomerates grew to 900 nm when the reaction time increased up to 12 h; however, the diameter of the individual nanoparticles remained almost the same. During the reaction, some byproducts constituted by amino species acted as surfactants; therefore, no other surfactants were necessary.     

Electrochemical preparation of germane

Germane has been prepared through the electrochemical reduction of the germanate anion in alkaline solutions with a current efficiency of 40–45%. Active solution circulation in the cathodic zone and the use of an Sn or Cd cathode are shown to raise the germane yield. The current density and initial solution concentration have a weak effect on the reduction process.     

新的有机纳米微晶制备方法和纳米单体炸药的制备研究

文章介绍了国外新发展起来的一种制备有机纳米微晶的方法,并对这种方法在炸药的纳米化方面的应用前景进行了分析.采用这种方法在实验中以丙酮为溶剂,以水为非溶剂获得了直径在十几个纳米到微米的RDX微晶的水相分散系.     

一步法制备针状Fe3O4

在磁场诱导下一步制备针状Fe3O4,考察了影响产品成分的主要因素,得到了最佳工艺条件.探讨了磁场对Fe3O4生长过程的影响,结果表明,磁场对粒子形貌影响显著,随着磁场强度增大,粒子由球形转变为针形,且产品中针形粒子比率增加;在0.35T磁场下,Fe3O4形貌变化过程为:絮状→六方片状→米粒状→针状.     

Solvothermal preparation of iron nanosheets

Iron nanosheet has been prepared in the presence of N-Methylaniline by solvothermal method. The structural property of the sample has been studied by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The magnetic properties have been extensively investigated by hysteresis loops and temperature-dependent magnetization curves. XRD result exemplifies that the as-prepared product has been identified as iron with body centered cubic structure. TEM observation showed that the as-prepared product composed of sheet-like nanostructure with size was around 25 nm. FTIR result suggests that the N-Methylaniline molecules are on the surface of the Fe Nano sheet. Magnetic measurements showed that the prepared iron nanosheet was ferromagnetic behavior at 300 K. Compared with bulk iron, Fe nanosheet exhibits significant increase in coercive force due to the presence of shape anisotropy. Moreover, the temperature dependent magnetization curves show no blocking temperature up to 300 K, which indicates the prepared sheet, is ferromagnetic character at room temperature.     

Microwave-hydrothermal preparation of alkaline-earth-metal tungstates

Microwave-hydrothermal processing was employed to synthesize nanostructured alkaline-earth-metal tungstate compounds in environmentally friendly conditions not yet found in the literature: 110 °C for times ranging from 5 to 20 min. X-ray diffraction showed that crystalline, single-phase materials were produced, while electron microscopy evidenced nanostructured particles with different morphologies. Raman spectroscopy was used to probe short-range ordering and also to obtain a reliable set of spectra containing all the Raman-active bands predicted by group-theory calculations. The Raman spectra showed no extra feature, indicating that our method gave well-ordered materials without important tetrahedral distortions. Sintered ceramics were submitted to polarized Raman scattering in parallel- and cross-polarized configurations. The E_g modes were totally evidenced in a cross-polarized configuration, while A_g and B_g modes appeared in the parallel arrangement, in complete agreement with the theoretical predictions. Photoluminescence measurements showed broad, complex emission bands, which varied from the blue to the red visible light regions. These results are related to shallow and deep defects into the band gap, through the presence of oxygen vacancies in the complex clusters with metal cations and tungsten atoms.