Design for Y-branch waveguides with wide angle and low loss

A novel method to design Y-branch waveguides is proposed by using total internal reflection, and the optical properties areanalyzed. The simulated results show that the optical loss values of two Y-branch waveguides with the branching angles of 12° and 30° are only 0.310 dB and 0.645 dB, respectively. Compared with conventional Y-branch waveguides, the opticalperformance of the proposed ones is well improved, which has many advantages such as wide angle, low loss, simplestructure and easy for fabrication.     

Optimization of silicon-on-insulator based optical switch using tapered waveguides

Optimized 2×2 switches based on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) were demonstrated. In the design, single mode rib waveguidesand multimode interferences (MMIs) are connected by tapered waveguides to reduce the mode coupling loss between thetwo types of waveguides. The average insertion loss of the switches is about -16.9 dB and the excess loss of one is measuredof -1.3 dB. The worst crosstalk is larger than 25 dB. Experimental results indicate that some of the main characteristics ofoptical switches are improved in the modified design, which is according with theoretic analysis. The novel design can beused to improve the characteristics of optical switch matrixes based on 2×2 switch units.     

Influence on Multimode Rectangular Optical Waveguide Propagation Loss by Surface Roughness

Optical scattering loss coefficient of muhimode rectangular waveguide is analyzed in this work. First, the effective refrac tive index and the mode field distribution of waveguide modes are obtained using the Marcatili method. The influence on scattering loss coefficient by waveguide surface roughness is then analyzed. Finally, the mode coupling efficiency for the SMFOpticalWaveguide （SOW） structure and MMFOptical Waveguide （MOW） structure are presented. The total scatter ing loss coefficient depends on modes scattering loss coeffi cients and the mode coupling efficiency between fiber and waveguide. The simulation results show that the total scatter ing loss coefficient for the MOW structure is affected more strongly by surface roughness than that for the SOW struc ture. The total scattering loss coefficient of waveguide decreas es from 3.97 x 10^-2 dB/cm to 2.96 x 10^-4 dB/cm for the SOW structure and from 5.24 - 10^-2 dB/cm to 4.7 x 10^-4 dB/ cm for the MOW structure when surface roughness is from 300nm to 20nm and waveguide length is 100cm.     

纳米锥SiGe-SOI光波导与光纤的耦合分析

Based on a submicrometer-sized SiGe-SOI waveguide, the coupling loss mechanism is analyzed between the submicrometer-sized SiGe-SOI waveguide and the fiber. The main sources of coupling loss are analyzed, and the mismatch loss of the mode field is the mainly lost during connection between the submicrometer-sized waveguide and the fiber. In order to reduce the mismatch loss of the mode field, the structure ofa nanotaper SiGeSOI waveguide with a nanometer-sized tip is adopted. By reducing the waveguide dimensions to increase the mode field size, coupling loss could be reduced between the waveguide and the fiber. Different mode field dimensions ofnanotaper SiGe-SOI waveguides and fiber are quantitatively analyzed, and the quantitative relationship between nanotaper SiGe-SOI waveguide dimensions and mode field dimensions are obtained. Finally, nanotaper SiGe-SOI waveguides are made, and the test and analysis have been done. The final experimental results accord well with the theoretical analysis. When the waveguide width is 0.5 μm, the minimum coupling loss of the SiGe-SOI waveguide is 0.56 dB/facet, and also the correctness of the design method and theoretical analysis are verified.     

Optimization design of optical waveguide in Mach-Zehnder electro-optical polymer modulator

In order to reduce transmission loss of the optical waveguide in Mach-Zehnder (M-Z) electro-optical (EO) polymer modulator,the basic iterative formula of semi-vector finite-difference beam propagation method (FD-BPM) is obtained from the scalar wave equation. The transition waveguide is combined with S-type bend branch waveguide for the M-Z EO modulator in the branch waveguide. The effects of structure parameters such as ridge width,length of the branch waveguide and interferometer spacing on the transmission loss are systematically studied by using the semi-vector FD-BPM method. The structure is optimized as an S-sine bend branch waveguide,with rib width w=7μm,length of branch waveguide L=1200μm and interferometer spacing G=22 μm. The results show that the optimized structure can reduce transmission loss to 0.083 dB,which have a certain reference value to the design of optical waveguide in M-Z polymer modulator.     

Research of photonic-assisted triangular-shaped pulses generation based on quadrupling RF modulation

We report the fabrication and optical properties of sub-micrometer-thick Ge₂₀Sb₁₅Se₆₅chalcogenide rib waveguides.The radio-frequency（RF）magnetron sputtering method is used to deposit 0.83μm-thick films.A protective layer of SU-8 is employed to prevent the attack of the alkaline developer,and CHF₃ is used as the etching plasma for reactive ion etching（RIE）.Finally,the resulted rib waveguides with smooth sidewalls and vertical pattern profiles are rendered.The propagation losses for 4μm-wide waveguides are measured to be 0.7 dB/cm for transverse electric（TE）modes and 0.68 dB/cm for transverse magnetic（TM）modes at 1 550 nm via the cutback method.     

Study and Design of Spiral Bent Waveguide Configuration

A new version of the scalar transverse electric（TE） wave equation in the bent waveguide is introduced. Then. TE polarized field in curved single-mode waveguides is analyzed by using the finite- difference beam propagation method（FD-BPM）. The bending loss in bent waveguides is gotten for the optical fields obtained from BPM and comparisons are made among losses of the waveguides with various curvature radiuses, refractive index differences and cross sections. Based on the results, the design of spiral bent waveguide configuration is proposed as follows： refractive index difference being of 0. 007, both width and thickness of waveguides being of 6 μm, the curvature radius in the spiral centre being of 4 mm, and the bending loss coefficient of the designed spiral bent waveguide being of 0. 302 3 dB/cm.     

Optimization of a polymer four-port microring optical router with three channel wavelengths

Optimization and simulation are performed for a polymer four-port microring optical router with three channel wavelengths, which contains four-group basic routing elements with two different ring radii. In terms of microring resonance theory, coupled mode theory and transfer matrix method, expressions of output power of basic routing element and optical router are derived. In order to realize single-mode propagation, low optical transmission loss and phase match between microring waveguide and channel waveguide, the device parameters are optimized. With the selected three channel wavelengths of 1550 nm, 1552 nm and 1554 nm, characteristics are calculated and analyzed, including output spectrum, insertion loss and crosstalk. Simulation results indicate that the device has 12 possible I/O routing paths, the insertion losses of three channel wavelengths along their routing paths are within the range of 0.02-0.61 dB, the maximum crosstalk between the on-port along each routing path and other off-ports is less than -39 dB, and the device footprint size is -0.13 mm^2. Based on the proposed structure, through proper selection on ring radius, the routing structure can also be used for other channel wavelengths. Therefore, the designed structure shows wide applications in integrated optical networks-on-chip （NoC）.     

Loss Measurements on Polymer Thin Film Optical Waveguides

Asimple setup for the measurement of transmission loss in polymer thin film optical waveguides is described.A new electro-optic polymer film has been prepared.The transmission loss of the film is measured before and after corona poling.And the loss is determined to be 1.84 dB/cm and 2.14dB/cm, respectively.     

An ultra-compact cross/bar optical routing switch using two polymer electro-optic microrings

A 2×2 cross/bar polymer electro-optic(EO) routing switch is proposed,which is composed of two passive channel waveguides and two active EO polymer microrings with bending radius of only 13.76 μm.Detailed structure,theory and formulation are provided to characterize the output power of the switch.For obtaining fundamental mode propagation,small bending loss and phase-matching between channel waveguide and microring resonator(MRR) waveguide,the structural parameters are optimized under the wavelength of 1550 nm.Analyses and simulations on output power and output spectra indicate that a switching voltage of 5 V is desired to realize the exchange between cross state and bar state,the crosstalk under cross state and that under bar state are about 28.8 dB and 39.9 dB,respectively,and the insertion losses under these two states are about 2.42 dB and 0.13 dB,respectively.Compared with our four EO switches reported before,this device possesses ultra-compact size of 0.233 mm×0.233 mm as well as low crosstalk and insertion loss,and therefore it can serve as a good candidate for constructing large-scale optical routers or switching arrays in photonic network-on-chip(NoC).     

Mode analysis and structure parameter optimization of a novel SiGe-OI rib optical waveguide

. The analytical technique for SiGe-OI optical waveguides and structure parameters computed by this paper are proved to be accurate and computationally efficient compared with the beam propagation method (BPM) and the experimental results.     

光纤传感技术的发展及应用

介绍了传光型光纤传感器与传感型光纤传感器的基本原理,阐述了强度调制型光纤传感器、干涉型光纤传感器、光纤光栅以及光纤声发射传感器的应用,提出了我国光纤传感技术存在的问题以及发展方向.     

光栅多通道光学双稳性系统的理论分析

本文提出了一种由两个平行放置的正弦位相光栅构成的混合型多通道光学双稳性系统。理论上推导出了描述此系统的调制性和双稳性的数学模型。基于此模型,对不同参数情况下,此系统的调制性和双稳性进行了数字模拟。最后,对数字模拟结果进行了分析和总结.此系统有可能应用于光通信和光信息处理等领域。     

基于光均分器与光阶分器的网络构建与设计

光均分器与光阶分器是光分路器的两种系列化规格产品,与网络设计者设计的光分路器构建网络相比,选择合适规格的光均分器和光阶分器来构建网络更具挑战性,需要一定的方法和技巧。通过实例介绍了如何合理搭配并选择合适规格的光均分器与光阶分器来设计和构建光纤传输网络。     

从OFC2001会议看DWDM全光网中的无源器件

概述了在2001年OFC会议上出现的新型光无源器件，介绍了光无源器件的最新进展，着重分析了几种用于DWDM光网络中的最新型光无源器件的工作原理和结构。     

Coherent optical pattern recognition

Pattern-recognition systems, techniques, and applications using coherent optical systems are reviewed. Many optical pattern-recognition system architectures exist that include time-domain optical correlators and the optical joint transform correlators and refinements in the original optical matched spatial filter synthesis processor. Advanced optical pattern-recognition systems are also described such as hybrid optical/digital processors and diffraction-pattern sampling systems using specially shaped Fourier plane detector arrays. The optical space-variant pattern-recognition systems described are examples of the growing repertoire of operations now achievable in optical computers.     

光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪系统的研究

介绍了光纤Mach-Zehnder(MZ)干涉仪系统的结构,阐述了该系统中信号光与参考光的干涉原理以及影响干涉光强的因素,分析了光纤耦合器的交叉耦合和PZT的作用,描述了光纤偏振控制器的结构、工作原理及其对光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪系统传感臂偏振态的控制,最后介绍了光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪系统的应用。     

Mechanically Flexible Chip-to-Substrate Optical Interconnections Using Optical Pillars

We experimentally characterize the benefits of using surface-normal mechanically flexible optical waveguides, or optical pillars, for chip-to-substrate optical interconnection. In order to benchmark the performance of the optical pillars, the optical coupling efficiency from a light source to an optical aperture with and without an optical pillar is measured. For a light source with 12deg beam divergence, a 50times150 mum optical pillar improves the coupling efficiency by 2-4 dB compared to pillar-free (free-space) optical coupling. A 30times150 m optical pillar improves the coupling efficiency by 3-4.5 dB. This demonstrates the importance of using optical pillars when small photodetectors (PDs) and dense optical input/outputs (I/Os) are needed. The optical excess losses of 50times150 mum optical pillars are measured to be less than 0.2 dB. Due to the high mechanical flexibility of the pillars, we also demonstrate that optical pillars enhance the optical coupling efficiency between the chip and substrate when they are misaligned in the lateral direction. This is especially important since the coefficient of thermal expansion of the chip and substrate are often mismatched, and preserving optical alignment and interconnection between them is critical during thermal excursions. The lateral mechanical compliance of the optical pillars is also measured and can be as great as 30 mum/mN. The optical pillars are also shown to be compliant under a compressive force thus allowing the optical I/Os to be assembled on nonplanar surfaces such as low-cost organic substrates.     

集成光学声光光开关的研究

在集成光学声光可调谐滤波器的基础上，研制成一种偏振无关的集成光学波导型声光光开关，由于采用声光作用实现开关功能，使得开关速度可以达到微秒量级。介绍了这种集成光学波导型声光光开关的工作原理及其基本结构，并对它的插入损耗、隔离度、开关速度这三项光开关的重要性能指标进行了具体的理论分析与计算，然后对制作成的集成光学波导型声光光开关的器件样品进行了性能测试，在室内温度为20℃，入射波长为1．523μm时，测得插入损耗为4．8dB，隔离度为22．0dB。对实验与理论的误差进行了具体分析，并提出了进一步提高其性能指标的相关途径。     

光有源器件中的光集成技术演变

从光集成技术在光有源器件中的应用与发展的角度出发,结合硅光平台、平面光回路、光子集成回路以及光电子集成回路等基本的光集成技术平台,分析了光有源器件中的光集成技术的演变趋势,并给出了对未来光集成技术发展的展望。