Technological properties of candidate probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum strains

The study of new probiotic strains for their technological relevance and use in dairy products is important for trade and industry. Eight Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from Bulgarian cheeses and selected for their potential probiotic properties were characterized. In vitro tests with the API ZYM system revealed high aminopeptidase and phosphatase activity, and weak lipolytic activity. The L. plantarum strains showed also a weak proteolytic activity and were characterized as slow variants on the base of their coagulation ability. They maintained high viability in fermented milk over extended shelf-times at refrigerated temperature and demonstrated a good adaptation to 6% NaCl. Among the preservatives, only calcium propionate did not affect the growth of L. plantarum. The highest concentrations used of potassium sorbate (0.5 and 1%) and nisaplin (0.02%) decreased the bacterial growth. One L. plantarum strain was tested as an adjunct to commercially available formula for cream cheese. This candidate probiotic culture withstood the technological processing and retained high number of 10⁷ cfu g^?1 at the end of the 3 months storage period at 4 °C.     

Evaluation of the possible use of potentially probiotic Lactobacillus strains in dairy products

In the study, the ability of two potentially probiotic strains Lactobacillus plantarum 14 and Lactobacillus fermentum 4a to milk fermentation and the possibility to use them in yogurt production were investigated. The strains did not acidify milk during 24 h and 72 h fermentation at 37C, but grew well and remained at the level of 10⁸ colony-forming units (CFU)/mL during 21 days of cold storage. Their application to yogurt production along with commercial starter culture consisted on L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus allowed to obtain products with typical sensory properties, pH values and numbers of potentially probiotic bacteria at desired level 10⁷ CFU/mL.     

益生乳杆菌质粒抗生素抗性基因与其耐药性的相关性探讨

采用K-B药敏纸片法检测了5株具有潜在益生乳杆菌的耐药性,通过质粒消除,分析了菌株质粒与耐药性之间的联系,应用PCR确定了质粒决定的耐药基因。5株乳杆菌对万古霉素、多粘菌素B以及链霉素等7种抗生素普遍表现出抗性,但主要对四环素敏感。采用SDS与SDS-高温两种方法消除戊糖乳杆菌CH8的质粒后,菌株CH8表现出头孢噻吩和氯霉素敏感性。设计β-内酰胺类抗性基因blr、ECP-1569和nps-1以及氯霉素抗性基因cmlA、cat和cmlA1的引物进行PCR,与目的产物测序比对表明,戊糖乳杆菌CH8的质粒上含有β-内酰胺类抗性基因blr,该基因与其头孢噻吩抗性有关。该研究为探讨乳酸菌的抗药基因转移性提供了前期基础,有助于益生乳杆菌安全性评价体系的建立与完善。      

益生菌Lactobacillus casei Zhang发酵特性的评价

以L.acidophilus NCFM,L.rhamnosus GG,L.casei Shirota和Bifidobacterium animalis Bb12为参照,对益生菌L.casei Zhang的发酵特性进行了研究.结果表明:发酵结束时,添加L.casei Zhang的发酵乳具有较高的pH值和较低的滴定酸度.4℃贮藏28 d后,L.casei Shirota和Bifidobacterium animalis Bb12的蛋白水解能力下降,而L.asei Zhang,L addophilusNCFM和L.rhamnosus GG蛋白水解能力不断上升.尽管Lcasei Zhang在脱脂乳中的发酵速度低于对照益生菌.但贮藏期内其活菌数缓慢上升并于贮藏结束时达到最高.L.casei Zhang完全具备益生菌所应有的发酵特性,因此其适合应用于发酵乳的开发.     

Potential probiotic Lactobacillus strains from fermented sausages: Further investigations on their probiotic properties

A rational selection of probiotic microorganisms is an important challenge and requires the definition of fundamental information about the physiology and genetics of candidate strains. In this study, selected Lactobacillus (Lact.) strains already characterized in a previous study for their capability to resist low pH and to grow in conditions simulating the intestinal environment, were further investigated to explore their probiotic properties, such as the adhesion capability to intestinal human Caco-2 cell lines and their growth behaviour in the presence of various prebiotic carbohydrates. At first 25 Lactobacillus strains were characterized by pulsed field gel electrophoresis using the endonuclease NotI. Among them, 13 strains belonging to the Lact. plantarum-group were identified at species level by a multiplex PCR assay. Subsequently 11 Lactobacillus strains showing different PFGE restriction pattern and the best acid- and bile-resistances, were chosen to investigate their in vitro adhesion capability to human intestinal epithelial cells and their fermentation properties of five prebiotic substances (FOS, Inulin, IMO, GOS and lactulose) at a concentration of 2%. The 11 strains analysed in this study possessed good adhesion capability to Caco-2 cell layers and, in particular, the eight strains belonging to the Lact. plantarum-group showed the higher final number of viable adhering cells. Moreover a species-related fermentative behaviour was pointed out and the strain Lact. paracasei EL7 was the only one able to grow in the presence of all prebiotics tested. In conclusion the strains of Lactobacillus studied in this research could be further investigated to assess possible in vivo human health benefits.     

The effect of lactose derivatives lactulose,lactitol and lactobionic acid on the functional and technological properties of potentially probiotic Lactobacillus strains

Lactulose, lactitol and lactobionic acid are unabsorbable lactose derivatives with prebiotic potential. They are utilised in varying extent by different Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species/strains. To explore the possibility of improving the properties of probiotic strains with a specific prebiotic, the effect of the lactose derivatives on the technological and functional properties of putative probiotic Lactobacillus strains was studied in vitro. The properties studied were growth in different conditions (aerobic versus anaerobic with varying substrate concentrations), acid and bile tolerance, antimicrobial activity, and stability during cold storage. In general lactose derivatives did not effect the technological or functional properties of the Lactobacillus strains. However, our results suggest that lactulose might improve the bile tolerance and cold-storage stability of Lactobacillus salivarius. Finding synbiotic pairs where the prebiotic would benefit the specific probiotic strain is not a simple task, but worth pursuing for, since this kind of capacity would give added value to the synbiotic product.     

Lactobacillus fermentum strains from human breast milk with probiotic properties and cholesterol-lowering effects

Food Science and Biotechnology - The study aimed to identify two lactic acid bacteria from human breast milk and evaluate for their probiotic potential. Lactobacillus fermentum strains showed...     

Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of new probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains

The antimicrobial susceptibilities and presence of plasmids in four new probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 (DR20) HN067, Lactobacillus acidophilus HN017 and Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 (DR10), were determined. Resistance to 18 commonly used antibiotics was assessed by disk diffusion. The three Lactobacillus strains had similar antibiotic susceptibility profiles to those of Lactobacillus plantarum strain HN045 and two commercial probiotic Lactobacillus strains, GG and LA-1. The B. lactis strain HN019 had a similar profile to three commercial probiotic B. lactis strains (Bb12, HN049 and HN098). All 10 strains were sensitive to the Gram-positive spectrum antibiotics erythromycin and novobiocin, the broad-spectrum antibiotics rifampicin, spectinomycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol and the beta-lactam antibiotics penicillin, ampicillin and cephalothin. By contrast, most strains were resistant to the Gram-negative spectrum antibiotics fusidic acid, nalidixic acid and polymyxin B and the aminoglycosides neomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin and streptomycin. All three L. rhamnosus strains (HN001, HN067 and GG) were resistant to vancomycin and several strains were also resistant to cloxacillin. Of the four new probiotic strains, only L. rhamnosus HN001 contained plasmids; however, a plasmid-free derivative of HN001 had the same antibiotic susceptibility profile as the parent strain.     

瑞士乳杆菌的益生特性

研究了瑞士乳杆菌作为发酵肉制品发酵剂的发酵特性;在模拟胃肠道环境中对酸和胆盐的耐受性;另以Caco-2细胞为体外肠道上皮细胞模型,研究了瑞士乳杆菌对小肠的黏附性和影响黏附的因素。实验结果表明,瑞士乳杆菌不产粘液,不产气,不产H2S,不产氨,不产H2O2,不具有氨基酸脱羧酶活性,不具有硝酸还原酶能力,具有抑制S.aureus和E.coli能力,能耐受一定量的NaCl和NaNO2,发酵葡萄糖产酸。瑞士乳杆菌同时还具有较好的耐酸和耐胆盐性能。通过瑞士乳杆菌的小肠黏附实验发现,生长稳定期的瑞士乳杆菌与Caco-2细胞有很好的黏附效果,当瑞士乳杆菌与Caco-2细胞共培养时间为2h时,黏附趋于饱和,且黏附环境pH值为7.0时黏附性最强。结果显示瑞士乳杆菌具备益生活性,满足发酵肉制品中益生菌制剂的筛选标准,可作为发酵菌种用于发酵肉制品的生产。     

瑞士乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌的益生免疫特性的研究

以瑞士乳杆菌KLDS 1.8701和嗜酸乳杆菌KLDS AD1、KLDS AD2为研究对象,详细研究了它们对体外模拟人工胃肠道的耐受性,并评估了三株乳杆菌对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖活性的影响,初步探讨了三株乳杆菌的免疫活性。结果表明,三株乳杆菌对人工胃液、人工肠液、胆汁盐环境具有很好的耐受性,瑞士乳杆菌KLDS 1.8701和嗜酸乳杆菌KLDS AD1较强于嗜酸乳杆菌KLDS AD2。乳杆菌对脾淋巴细胞增殖活性的作用表现出明显的量效关系,活菌数为107CFU/mL时,对脾淋巴细胞活性影响大小为KLDS AD1>KLDS 1.8701>KLDS AD2;KLDS 1.8701对脾淋巴细胞的增殖具有很好的促进作用,只有当KLDS AD1的活菌数达到107CFU/mL时才具有促进作用,而KLDS AD2没有促进作用。      

Characterization and probiotic potential of Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from cheeses

Ninety-eight Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from Italian and Argentinean cheeses were evaluated for probiotic potential. After a preliminary subtractive screening based on the presence of msa and bsh genes, 27 strains were characterized. In general, the selected strains showed high resistance to lysozyme, good adaptation to simulated gastric juice, and a moderate to low bile tolerance. The capacity to agglutinate yeast cells in a mannose-specific manner, as well as the cell surface hydrophobicity was found to be variable among strains. Very high β-galactosidase activity was shown by a considerable number of the tested strains, whereas variable prebiotic utilization ability was observed. Only tetracycline resistance was observed in two highly resistant strains which harbored the tetM gene, whereas none of the strains showed β-glucuronidase activity or was capable of inhibiting pathogens. Three strains (Lp790, Lp813, and Lp998) were tested by in vivo trials. A considerable heterogeneity was found among a number of L. plantarum strains screened in this study, leading to the design of multiple cultures to cooperatively link strains showing the widest range of useful traits. Among the selected strains, Lp790, Lp813, and Lp998 showed the best probiotic potential and would be promising candidates for inclusion as starter cultures for the manufacture of probiotic fermented foods.     

Edible table (bio)spread containing potentially probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species

A prototype of a reduced fat (60% w/w) edible table biospread, with an added viable, nongrowing, mixed-strain and potentially probiotic culture was developed. Conventional commercial aqueous-phase ingredient and reduced fat spread processing technologies were modified to achieve acceptable strain viability ( ≥   10⁵ cfu/mL) during scraped-surface heat exchange emulsion processing and biospread shelf life. The modifications consisted of:

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   spilt-stream pasteurization of the aqueous and lipid phases (thereby obviating the need for in-line pasteurization of the water-in-oil emulsion during processing);

       
  
  

嗜酸乳杆菌和双歧杆菌益生特性的研究

以两株嗜酸乳杆菌和三株动物双歧杆菌为研究对象,详细研究它们的耐胃酸性、耐胆汁盐性、抑菌性和抗药性。结果表明:五株益生菌具有良好的耐酸耐胆汁盐性,双歧杆菌的耐酸性较强于嗜酸乳杆菌;抑菌性和抗药性结果表明:五株益生菌对致病菌大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌均有抑制作用,嗜酸乳杆菌的抑菌性较强于双歧杆菌;五株益生菌对三种抗生素乙酰螺旋霉素、链霉素和青霉素均敏感,敏感程度各异。     

从干酪乳杆菌的分类看我国益生菌相关法规

概述了干酪乳杆菌相关菌株的分类历史,分析了分类方法对于干酪乳杆菌分类产生的影响,以及对于干酪乳杆菌分类系统产生的影响,希望能够对于我国益生菌法规制定中,菌株鉴定提供借鉴.     

Adhesion and aggregation properties of probiotic and pathogen strains

Autoaggregation has been correlated with adhesion, which is known to be a prerequisite for colonization and infection of the gastrointestinal tract by many pathogens. The coaggregation properties of probiotic strains with pathogens as well as their ability to displace pathogens are of importance for therapeutic manipulation of the aberrant intestinal microbiota. Consequently, the ability to aggregate and coaggregate are desirable properties for probiotics in health-promoting foods. Aggregation assays and bacterial adhesion to hydrocarbons (BATH test) demonstrated significant differences in cell surface properties among the tested commercial probiotic strains. Hydrophobicity increased when the cells were heat-inactivated. All probiotic strains tested showed aggregation abilities with the pathogen strains tested, but the results were strain-specific and dependent on time and incubation conditions. Our results indicate that the ability to autoaggregate, together with cell-surface hydrophobicity and coaggregation abilities with pathogen strains can be used for preliminary screening in order to identify potentially probiotic bacteria suitable for human or animal use.     

具有潜在益生特性的发酵乳杆菌在豆乳中的发酵特性

选用分离自西藏、内蒙古和蒙古国自然发酵乳制品中的具有潜在益生特性的11株发酵乳杆菌分别发酵豆乳,在42℃发酵和4℃贮藏期间分别测定其菌落总数、pH值、滴定酸度、黏度、蛋白水解能力以及脱水收缩性指标,并在贮藏1 d时进行感官鉴评.结果表明,发酵期间,各发酵豆乳的pH值显著下降,而滴定酸度、黏度均显著升高(P<0.05);L.fermentumF6发酵豆乳产品无乳清析出,表面细腻,具有良好的拉丝性,其表现、气味以及风味总体得分显著高于其他发酵产品(P<0.05).因此,L.fermentum F6适合用于益生茵凝固型发酵豆乳的开发.     

一株自主分离嗜酸乳杆菌的功能性研究

针对一株自主分离保存的嗜酸乳杆菌MF204(CGMCC No.2122)的益生特性,抑菌、降血脂以及提高免疫力等功能进行了研究.结果表明,嗜酸乳杆菌MF204能耐受胆盐、模拟人工胃液和肠液;体外抑菌效果明显,对多种致病菌均有抑制作用:体外对胆固醇平均脱除率达65.64%;对降低高脂大鼠血清胆固醇有一定疗效;对试验小鼠的特异性免疫力均有所提高.表明嗜酸乳杆菌MF204是一株具有较强功能性的益生菌株.     

Biological reduction of aflatoxin B1 in yogurt by probiotic strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus

Food Science and Biotechnology - The present study was conducted to investigate the ability of two probiotic strains, L. acidophilus PTCC 1643 and L. rhamnosus PTCC 1637, to bind aflatoxin B1...