冷冻干燥技术制备超微LiNi0.8Co0.2O2粉及其表征

采用冷冻干燥技术成功合成了层状锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.8Co0.2O2,研究了不同煅烧温度对产物结构、微观形貌以及性能的影响.利用TG-DTA分析、X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)和激光粒度分析仪对前驱体和煅烧样品的热反应、晶体结构、微观形貌和粒度分布等进行了表征.结果表明,煅烧温度对LiNi0.8Co0.2O2晶体结构及材料性能有较大影响.750℃×5h的煅烧条件下制得的LiNi0.8Co0.2O2粉具有纳米级尺寸和窄的粒度分布,该样品的(003)晶面衍射峰强度与(104)晶面衍射峰的强度比I(003)/I(104)为1.51.晶格参数显示制得的LiNi0.8Co0.2O2样品用作锂离子电池的电极,可能会显示出良好的电化学性能.     

高密度锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.8CO0.2O2的合成与表征

利用低共熔混合物LiNO3-LiOH为锂盐,与高密度前驱体Ni0.8CO0.2(OH)2混合烧结制备出了高密度锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.8Co0.2O2.探讨了合成温度、合成时间等因素对产品的影响.X射线衍射分析表明合成的LiNi0.8Co0.2O2具有规整的层状NaFeO2结构,充放电测试表明在3.0～4.3V的电压范围内,首次放电比容量可达168mAh/g,充放电效率为95%.结果表明采用该工艺可以制备出电化学性能良好的高密度LiNi0.8Co0.2O2正极材料.     

熔融盐法合成高密度锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.15)Ti_(0.05)O_2

利用低共熔组成的0.38LiOH-0.62 LiNO3混合锂盐体系,与高密度前驱体掺杂Co的Ni(OH)2、TiO2粉末在低温下自混合,无需前期研磨和后续洗涤,直接制备出振实密度达3.17g/cm2的高密度锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.8Co0.15Ti0.05O2.X射线衍射分析表明合成的LiNi0.8Co0.15Ti0.05O2具有规整的层状α-NaFeO2结构.扫描电镜显示产物颗粒均匀,电性能测试表明,在0.2C放电倍率和3.0～4.3V的电压范围内,LiNi0.8Co0.15Ti0.05O2良好首次放电比容量达169mAh/g,且具有良好的循环性能.     

锂电池正极材料LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2的制备与性能

运用"溶胶-喷雾干燥-煅烧"新技术合成了正极材料LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2,采用XRD、SEM、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)及充放电测试研究了煅烧温度对所制材料结构和电性能的影响。结果表明,在750~850℃都可制备得到纯相LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2。其中,800℃所合成样品具有适宜的晶粒大小、最佳的晶化程度和阳离子有序度,最小的电荷传递阻抗,最大的锂离子扩散系数和最佳的电化学表现。该样品0.2C首次放电容量达到189.1mAh·g-1,以5C循环的放电比容量仍可达到136mAh·g-1,第30周0.2C放电容量达初始容量的97.5%,显示出高容量、良好的倍率与循环性能。     

LiNi0.8-x Znx Co0.2 O2的合成及电化学性能研究

掺杂改性和表面修饰的LiNi0.8Co0.2O2是锂电池正极换代候选材料.采用共沉淀法制备了系列LiNi0.8-xZnxCo0.2O2材料,并对其进行X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、循环伏安(CV)、电化学阻抗(EIS)和充放电循环性能(CP)测试分析.恒流循环(0.2C、3.0～4.2V)测试结果显示,Zn的掺入使材料的初始放电比容量有大幅增加,循环性能有所改善.其中LiNi0.78Zn0.02Co0.2O2的首次放电比容量达到206.37 mAh·g-1.第30循环时,放电比容量仍为204.03 mAh·g-1,不可逆容量损失仅为2.34 mAh·g-1,显示了很好的初期循环性能.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.8Co0.15Mo0.05O2的制备与性能

利用具有低共熔组成的LiOH-LiNO3混合锂盐体系,与高密度前驱体混合,经3阶段恒温烧结制备出高密度锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.8Co0.15Mo0.05O2。X射线衍射分析表明合成的材料具有规整的层状α-NaFeO2结构。SEM显示材料的颗粒均匀。电性能测试表明,在0.2C放电倍率和3.0～4.3V的电压范围内,LiNi0.8Co0.15-Mo0.05O2首次放电比容量达175mAh/g,且具有良好的循环性能。     

草酸盐共沉淀法合成LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2及电化学性能

采用草酸盐共沉淀法合成前驱体,然后经过氧化气氛高温焙烧制备了锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2.用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和恒电流充放电技术研究了pH值、焙烧温度、焙烧时间和锂用量对材料结构、微观形貌及电化学性能的影响.草酸盐共沉淀-氧化焙烧合成LiNi0.8 Co0.1Mn0.1O2的工艺条件为:pH值为5.5,焙烧温度为800℃,焙烧时间为12h,Li/M摩尔比为1.05.所制备的LiNi0.8 Co0.1 Mn0.1 O2在0.5C倍率下的首次充放电比容量达到174.5mAh·g-1,循环20周容量保持率为88.5％.     

氢氧化物共沉淀法合成LiNi_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.4)O_2及其性能研究

以氢氧化物共沉淀法合成了Ni0.4Co0.2Mn0.4(OH)2前驱体,然后以Ni0.4Co0.2Mn0.4(OH)2和LiOH为原料,合成出了层状结构的锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2.通过XRD、SEM和电化学测试对LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2材料的结构、形貌及电化学性能进行了测试和表征.结果表明,800℃烧结12h合成的样品粒度大小分布比较均匀,以0.2C充放电,其首次放电容量为148mAh·g-1,循环30次后容量为136mAh·g-1.     

Al2O3包覆锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2的改性研究

采用氢氧化物共沉淀法合成LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2正极材料,对产物进行X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)及电化学性能分析,结果表明,LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2在0.5C下的循环性能和倍率性能较差,100次循环后,Li+的嵌入/脱嵌的界面阻抗(Rf)和电荷转移阻抗(Rct)迅速增加,极化增大。为改善其电化学性能,以尿素为沉淀剂,采用均匀沉淀法,在LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2表面包覆不同比例Al2O3包覆层,研究其对LiNi0.8-Co0.1Mn0.1O2电化学性能的影响。在所有的样品中,1%Al2O3包覆LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2具有最优的六方晶型α-NaFeO2层状结构和最低的阳离子混排度。SEM和TEM图表明无定形透明多孔Al2O3包覆层均匀地包覆在LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2表面。与纯相相比,1%Al2O3包覆LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2具有较好的电化学性能,包括相对较高的首次放电容量189.56mAh·g-1、最高的首次库伦效率87.95%、较好的循环性能和倍率性能。循环伏安(CV)和电化学阻抗(EIS)结果表明,LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2电化学性能得到提高是由于Al2O3包覆层可以抑制电解液与正极副反应的发生,从而减小循环过程中界面阻抗值和电荷转移阻抗值的增大。     

锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2的合成及其电化学性能

以自制(Ni0.4Co0.2Mn0.4)(OH)2为前驱体,采用高温固相法合成了锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.4Co0.2-Mn0.4O2,采用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)对材料结构和形貌进行了表征,表明所得材料外观为球形,具有典型的α-NaFeO2层状结构,循环伏安、恒电流充放电测试表明,800℃下合成的材料具有最优的电化学性能,首次放电比容量达161.8mAh/g。     

La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Mn0.1Al0.1和La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Al0.2合金的储氢性能研究

针对两种新型稀土型储氢合金La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Mn0.1Al0.1和La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Al0.2的储氢特性进行研究分析。实验表明,相同温度下,La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Mn0.1Al0.1和La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Al0.2合金的PCT曲线基本重合,且都具有优良的吸氢动力学性能;相比之下,后者的滞后系数要小于前者,吸氢量较大,吸氢速率也较快,故其储氢性能较优。300次吸放氢循环实验结果表明,La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Al0.2合金的吸氢动力学性能虽然略有下降,但抗粉化性能较好。     

Dy0.6Tb0.3Pr0.1(Fe0.95Mn0.05)x取向晶体的结构与磁致伸缩

采用Ｃｚｏｃｈｒａｌｓｋｉ方法生长了Ｄｙ０．６Ｔｂ０．３Ｐｒ０．１（Ｆｅ０．９５Ｍｎ０．０５）ｘ（１．８５≤ｘ≤１．９５）取向合金。所有合金主相为立方Ｌａｖｅｓ相结构,择优取向不完整择优取向的方向与Ｘ的大小有关。研究了沿着这些样品的生长方向的磁致伸缩性能以及磁致伸缩性能与压力之间的关系。     

Thermal Stability of Amorphous Hydride Mg_(50)Ni_(50)H_(54) and Mg_(30)Ni_(70)H_(45)

The thermal stability of amorphous ternary hydrides Mg_(50)Ni_(50)H_(54) and Mg_(30)Ni_(70)H_(45) and their corre-sponding amorphous binary alloys Mg_(50)Ni_(50) and Mg_(30)Ni_(70) were studied with X-ray diffraction(XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). Samples of the amorphous alloys were preparedby mechanical alloying and the amorphous hydrides were obtained by charging the alloys with gas-eous hydrogen at 3.0 MPa and 423 K. It was found that the amorphous hydrides released most oftheir hydrogen before the crystallization of the essentially hydrogen depleted amorphous alloy. Thecrystallization temperature of amorphous Mg_(50)Ni_(50)H_(54) elevated and that of amorphousMg_(30)Ni_(70)H_(45) did not change in relation to the original binary amorphous alloy. This is very excep-tional for amorphous hydrides. The reason for the effects of hydrogen absorption/desorption on thecrystallization of amorphous alloys was discussed.     

Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu15Co2.5合金的玻璃转变温度

根据Ｚｒ６５Ａｌ７。５Ｎｉ１０Ｃｕ１５Ｃｏ２。５合金的纳米晶，晶体，液体和玻璃比热的测量结果，研究了合金的玻璃转变温度与全金的热力学函数，动力学参数以及加热速度的关系。结果表明，非晶态合金玻璃转变所需转变激活能很小，玻璃转变温度实际上是由于加热速度引起的不同状态的玻璃与液体的热力学平衡温度。     

Acousto-optic interaction in alpha-BaB(2)O(4)and Li(2)B(4)O(7) crystals

Experimental studies and analysis of acousto-optic diffraction in alpha-BaB(2)O(4) and Li(2)B(4)O(7) crystals are given. Ultrasonic wave velocity, elastic compliance and stiffness coefficients, and piezo-optic and photoelastic coefficients of alpha-BaB(2)O(4) and Li(2)B(4)O(7) crystals are determined. The acousto-optic figure of merit has been estimated for different possible geometries of acousto-optic interaction. It is shown that the acousto-optic figures of merit for alpha-BaB(2)O(4) crystals reach the value M(2)=(270 +/- 70) x 10(-15) s(3)/kg for the case of interaction with the slowest ultrasonic wave. The directions of propagation and polarization of those acoustic waves are obtained on the basis of construction of acoustic slowness surfaces. The acousto-optic diffraction is experimentally studied for alpha-BaB(2)O(4) and Li(2)B(4)O(7) crystals.     

Natural Passivity of Amorphous Fe_(40)Ni_(40)P_(14)B_6 and Fe_(54.6)Ni_(38)Si_(4.1)B_(2.3)V_1 Alloys

The natural passive films forrned on Fe_(40)Ni_(40)P_(14)B_6 and Fe_(54.6)Ni_(38)Si_(4.1)B_(2.3)V_1 amorphous alloys long-term exposed in air have been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron (including Ar+ ion depth profiling) spectroscopy (AES). The following aspects have been investigated: (1) chemical states of the elements in the films. binding energies and the chemical shifts measured by XPSf (2) structure and composition of the films fand (3) thickness of the passive films determined by AES depth profiling and XPS analysis.     

Nanomechanical characterization of one-step combustion-synthesized Al(4)B(2)O(9) and Al(18)B(4)O(33) nanowires

Two kinds of aluminum borate nanowires, Al(4)B(2)O(9) and Al(18)B(4)O(33), were successfully synthesized by a one-step combustion method through control of the Al:B atomic ratio and synthesis temperature. Both nanowires are single crystalline but have distinguishing growth habits. Nanoindentation tests were performed directly on individual nanowires to reveal their mechanical properties. A 70% reduction in elastic modulus was found in Al(18)B(4)O(33) nanowires compared with their bulk counterpart. Al(18)B(4)O(33) nanowires exhibited higher hardness and elastic modulus than Al(4)B(2)O(9) nanowires.     

Plasma surface treatments of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)

The surfaces of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) were modified by oxygen and nitrogen plasma treatments. The physical and chemical surface characteristics were evaluated by contact angle tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The plasma treatments caused an increase in both contact angle and roughening, altered the surface morphology, inserted polar groups, and, consequently, enhanced the hydrophilicity for both PLLA and PHBV polymers.     

Work Functions of Pd_(83.5)Si_(16.5)and Cu_(70)Ti_(30)Glassy Alloys

The work functions before and aftercrystallization of two glassy alloys,Pd_(83.5)Si_(16.5) andCu_(70)Ti_(30) have been measured by means of the con-tact potential difference method in the secondaryelectron field at room temperature under 10~(-5) Pavacuum.The results show that the work functionsof both glassy alloys are higher than those of thecorresponding crystalline alloys.