直流输电线路三维离子流场的计算方法

当考虑导线弧垂、杆塔、地面起伏以及临近建筑物等影响时,高压直流输电线路的离子流场是一个三维场,需要提出有效的三维直流离子流场的计算方法。采用优化模拟电荷法求得标称电场的电力线,然后基于Deutsch假设计算直流离子流场的空间合成电场。针对直流模拟试验线段,对其附近放置房屋模型时地面及房屋模型顶部的合成电场进行计算和测量,将计算结果与测量结果进行比较,其结果令人满意。该方法还适用于换流站的离子流场分析以及其他类似物理问题的计算。     

±1100kV换流站直流场金具表面电场仿真静态场等效方法

我国的准东—皖南±1100 kV特高压直流输电工程是目前世界上电压等级最高的高压输电工程。随着电压等级的提高,换流站直流场设备中金具表面电场的控制裕度也越来越严格。为提高电场仿真计算结果的准确性,针对换流站金具电场仿真的瞬态场计算等效为静态场计算的方法进行研究,并结合电磁场理论,提出采用静态场等效瞬态场进行计算:在操作过电压、工频交流电压下可将瞬态电场等效成静电场分析;换流站典型直流电压波形下,可将瞬态电场等效成恒定电场分析,并用二维轴对称支柱绝缘子模型进行验证,最终应用于直流场全模型计算中。计算结果表明:在电准静态场下,针对不同电压激励,采用相应的静态场等效瞬态场计算,可以在保证精度的前提下,提高计算效率。对±1100 kV换流站直流场设备金具优化设计具有重要的指导意义。     

±500kV换流站直流场金具表面电场数值计算

直流换流站高压设备金具表面电场的准确计算有助于电晕控制以及防电晕设计。针对换流站直流场设备复杂、计算区域大、对特殊金具局部表面电场计算精度要求高的特点,以某±500 kV换流站直流场为研究对象,基于电场数值计算方法,建立3D有限元仿真模型,对整个直流场设备进行电场计算,获得了各部位的电位和电场分布计算结果。通过对全模型计算结果进行分析,对其中需要重点关注的部位采用了子模型进行了更精确的求解,获得了更加准确的电场强度数值。最后基于Peek公式对直流场各金具进行了电晕控制安全裕度的评估,结果表明直流场各金具表面最大场强符合电场控制要求,研究结果可为超、特高压换流站直流场的设计、规划提供参考。     

高压直流换流阀用绝缘子表面电场计算及均压环设计

换流阀是高压直流换流站的核心装备,高电位区导体及绝缘子表面电场计算是实现小安全裕度下换流阀绝缘优化设计的关键。将换流阀内典型结构,如绝缘子、晶闸管等,简化为二维模型,在二维场中直接进行电场计算,可实现电场的准确快速计算。通过对二维、三维算例进行电场计算,证实了边界电场约束方程计算电场的精度在二维场中高于ANSYS的计算精度。因此在二维轴对称场中应用该方法对某换流阀绝缘子进行了表面电场计算及均压环设计,使绝缘子金具表面电场由7.55 kV/mm降为2.87 kV/mm,绝缘子表面电场由1.93 kV/mm降为0.9 kV/mm。最后,应用ANSYS软件在三维复杂模型中对均压环尺寸进行校验计算。文中工作为直流换流阀用绝缘子表面电场计算及均压环优化设计提供了一种可靠、实用的计算方法。     

气中液滴群在均匀场中的局部电场分析

针对气中液滴群在均匀场中的起晕电场计算问题 ,利用偶极子近似讨论了局部电场与浸入相液滴占空比、粒径以及介电常数的关系。     

超高压直流换流变压器阀侧引出线电场的数值分析

建立了阀侧绕组引出线和阀侧套管引出线交直流电场计算模型,对绝缘设计中的交流电场、直流电场和直流极性反转电场进行了数值计算与分析,并得到了交直流电场的分布规律。     

换流变压器电荷赋值型直流电场外推计算方法

直流电场计算校核是换流变压器设计的重要环节。研究表明直流电压下油纸界面电荷积聚分布与传统阻容模型计算结果之间存在很大差异,基于理想模型的电场校核方法失效。该文提出一种基于油纸界面电荷特性、直接在换流变压器实际结构中进行电荷分段赋值的外推方法。首先,对于均匀场区域,用离子迁移模型计算出各个油纸界面的电荷密度,进行均一化赋值。其次,对于非均匀场区域,从均匀场区域向非均匀场区域推算,根据具体赋值部位的界面电荷分布曲线,划分区间并分段赋值。最后,将电荷场与外施电场叠加合成,获得全域内直流电场分布情况。在换流变压器阀侧出线结构模型中的实测验证表明,电荷分段映射叠加外推方法得到的电场计算值与电场实测值之间偏差较小。该方法解决了传统方法依赖材料宏观参数、无法准确计算和反映大尺寸油纸绝缘系统电场分布真实情况的问题。     

雨滴对高压直流输电线路地面离子流场的影响

HVDC输电线路离子流场的计算对于输电线路的设计和电磁分析具有重要意义,其中降雨条件下输电线路的电磁环境问题尤为突出,然而目前关于雨滴对离子流场影响的研究较少。为此,在Deutsch假设的基础上,针对空间存在的雨滴对离子流场的影响因素,进一步假设雨滴为输电线路新的电荷背景,同时采用雨滴局部畸变电场值替代标称电场值,从而考量雨滴对离子流场的影响效果。实例计算表明,与Teshmont公司的计算结果相比,良好天气下该模型的计算结果与其一致;与良好天气相比,雨天下地面离子流密度与电场的值分别约增大至2倍和1.5倍。     

利用强化偶极子模型计算混合体局部电场

针对高体积分数颗粒组成的混合体局部电场计算问题,为了解改进后的强化偶极子模型的计算的结果,用该模型计算了混合体局部电场,并和有限元法和点电偶极子模型法计算结果进行了比较。计算表明介电差异较小时,3种方法计算的结果差异不大,只是点电偶极子模型在强场区域误差稍大;在介电差异较大时,改进后的强化偶极子模型虽在颗粒表面弱场区域吻合得不是很好,但在大部分区域,特别是强场区域仍和有限元计算的结果吻合得较好,但点电偶极子模型计算结果的误差则明显加大。由此证明改进后的强化偶极子模型计算局部电场简单可行。     

华中电力试验研究所3项科研成果达国内外先进水平

华中电力试验研究所３项科研成果达国内外先进水平１高压电场数值计算及其应用研究超高压交、直流电气设备的发展，要求解决许多新的电场计算问题，现今的电场计算方法不能满足这一要求。华中电力试验研究所“高压电场数值计算及其应用研究”课题小组，在该领城的研究取得...     

Optimization of a post-type spacer in a gas insulated system under three-dimensional conditions

This paper describes the optimization of a post-type spacer in a gas insulated system. The electric field calculation and the optimization have been performed in three-dimensional conditions. We have utilized the boundary element method to calculate the electric field distributions and the Marquardt method to improve the profile of the spacer so as to minimize the maximal electric field on the spacer surface. The optimization has been performed for spacers with cylindrical column, circular, and elliptical cross-sections, respectively. We have varied additional parameters, such as the permittivity of a spacer and the radius ratio of an inner conductor and a sheath. For elliptical cross-section spacers, the optimization has reduced the maximal value of the total field strength up to 35%, and the maximal value of the tangential field strength up to 56% compared with the respective maximal field without a spacer.     

Charge distribution measurement on a truncated cone spacer under DC voltage

A system for measuring charge distribution on an insulating spacer is developed. An electrostatic probe is set close to the spacer, and it moves along its surface maintaining a small gap. The accumulated charge is inversely calculated from the measured data by utilizing the relationship that is obtained through the numerical electric field computation. Using this system, the surface charge distribution on a truncated cone spacer of 80 mm diameter and 15 mm height is measured. The number of measured points is 3402, and the spatial resolution is 3.9 mm. After the application of DC 10 kV for 19 hours, the spacer surface is charged with a spotted pattern. The charge density reaches 60 pC/mm/sup 2/ at its maximum. In addition, the residual charge distribution of partial discharge from metallic particles on the spacer is observed.     

500kV GIS盆式绝缘子的暂态电场分析

推导出了考虑介质极化损耗和位移电流情况下暂态电场计算的数学模型。采用有限元法对 5 0 0kVGIS盆式绝缘子在雷电冲击电压下的暂态电场进行了计算 ,雷电冲击电压波用De hamel积分来处理。给出了典型时刻的场域电位分布图 ,并与静态电场进行比较。找出了绝缘子表面的切向电场强度Et 及法向电场强度En 沿径向分布规律。讨论了松弛时间对切向电场强度Et 及法向电场强度En 的影响 ,给出了几个典型位置的电场强度随时间变化的曲线 ,为GIS的绝缘设计提供参考。     

Modeling of epoxy resin spacers for the 1 MV DC gas insulated line of ITER neutral beam injector system

The spacers for the Gas Insulated Transmission Line for the ITER neutral beam injector will be designed to withstand the operating voltage of 1 MV dc. Electric charging processes of the spacer surface are then expected to play an important role in the final electric field distribution. Aim of the paper is to investigate the effects of the different conductivity properties of the SF6-Spacer insulating structures on the surface charge set-up, and to identify a procedure to minimize this charge. Based on the most updated literature, the paper presents and discusses the results of two newly developed simulation tools: the first consisting of a quasi-static non linear model for epoxy spacer based on finite element method code ANSYS?, the other consisting of a spacer profile optimization package, whose kernel is based on a genetic algorithm. The numerical tools have been applied to post and disk spacer models of the gas insulated line; in particular, the optimization package has been used on the disk spacer, and the comparison between un-optimized and optimized spacer in terms of electric charge accumulated are presented and discussed.     

Phenomena and mechanism of electric charges on spacers in gas insulated switchgears

The phenomenon of accumulated charges on solid insulator surfaces is one of the critical parameters to consider at the insulation design stage, for AC electric power equipment as well as for DC equipment, so it is important to investigate the characteristics and predominant factors underlying various charging mechanisms. Several researches related to this theme have been reported, but independently, and cross-sectional comparison and evaluation from a unified viewpoint are meaningful. In this paper, the resistance of solid insulator is first discussed, showing that the resistances found by diverse measurements are in a fairly good agreement under similar conditions of the temperature and electric field. Next, three kinds of electric charging mechanisms, i.e. volume conduction, surface conduction and electric field emission are characterized in terms of the time constant, applied voltage and charge distribution. Then, eight cases of recent measurements on the charging time are investigated and their charging mechanisms are classified. Electric field emissions are likely to occur with model spacers made in routine GIS manufacturing process at the electric field level used. Further, three examples in cases with metallic particles are introduced, of simulating charge from edge on the tank, spacer surface charging phenomena, and influence of charge on spacer surface flashover. It is expected that this paper wilt be helpful for understanding charging phenomena e.g. on insulation spacers in gas insulated switchgears     

±800kV换流站管母线合成场强特性研究

合成场强特性研究对于换流站管母线的选型和布置具有重要意义.在Deutsch假设基础上,建立换流站管母线表面场强和地面合成场强的计算模型,提出了±800 kV换流站合成场强特性的控制指标,对不同型号换流站管母线的电晕特性和合成场强进行了计算,得到了管母线起晕的高度范围和不同高度下地面最大合成场强的计算值,通过对结果的分析,给出了换流站管母线安装高度要求和选型建议.     

Computation of the Electric Field in Cable Insulation in the Presence of Water Trees and Space Charge

The presence of space charge changes locally the electric field distribution in power cable insulation and may play an important role in tree development, thus accelerating the dielectric breakdown. This paper is concerned with the computation of the electric field in polyethylene-insulated power cables affected by water trees which grow from the following: 1) the inner semiconducting layer; 2) the outer semiconducting layer; and 3) the inner and outer semiconducting layers, taking into account the space charge corresponding to the ions present in the treeing area. Space charge in plane samples where trees have been developed in an accelerated manner was estimated using the thermal step method. Average charge values given by space charge measurements were then used for the electric field computation in cable insulation with continuous or/and individual water trees. For the calculation of the electric field, an analytical and a numerical method have been used. This paper shows that the space charge changes the electric field distribution inside and outside the trees (the field increases in some areas and decreases in others) and that the field variations depend on the magnitude and on the polarity of the space charge, as well as on the dimensions of the water trees developed in the cable insulation. The obtained results show that, in the presence of water trees and space charge, the initiation of electric trees is more probable in the case of individual water trees than in the case of continuous water trees.     

Electric field computation on an insulating surface with discretewater droplets

Knowledge of the electric field along the external surface is a fundamental requirement for reliable assessment of electric discharge produced surface changes, degradation and flashover of outdoor insulation. Presented in this paper is a method of electric field computation on an insulating surface in the presence of discrete water droplets. The computational method is based on the charge simulation technique. The electric field intensification produced by water droplets is calculated and correlated with electric discharge activity that occurs on outdoor insulators under contaminated conditions. The results are useful for analyzing the performance of outdoor insulating devices, especially non-ceramic insulators, under contaminated conditions     

Application of functionally graded material for solid insulator in gaseous insulation system

Functionally graded materials (FGM) have spatial distribution of a material property in order to achieve efficient stress control. An application of the FGM to a solid insulator (spacer) for a gaseous insulation system, like gas insulated switchgear, is expected to improve electric field (E-field) distribution around the spacer. In this paper, we describe the applicability of the FGM spacer to gas insulated power equipment. In the FGM spacer, we gave spatial distribution of dielectric permittivity to control the E-field distribution inside and outside the spacer. This paper includes following key results for the applications of the FGM. Firstly, E-field simulation results when applying the FGM by a finite element method are presented, in which we show the effective reduction of the maximum field strength by applying the FGM. Next, a fabrication technique of the FGM spacer sample with not only step-by-step but also continuous changes of permittivity is presented by use of centrifugal force. Finally, dielectric breakdown tests using FGM samples which are accurately controlled the spatial distribution of permittivity are carried out under lightning impulse voltage applications. The test result indicates the increase of breakdown voltage (BDV). From these results, we verified the applicability and the fabrication technique of FGM spacer for improvement of the dielectric strength in the gaseous insulation system.     

Development of three-dimensional electric field computation system by surface charge method

This paper describes development of three-dimensional electric field computation system by surface charge method. Using this system, both potential and electric field in the case which includes resistance or true electric charge can be calculated. And this system is able to be connected to the pre-post processors, which is useful for us to make arbitrary shape and to display results of analysis.