中原油田文269块复杂断块油气藏低阻油层研究与探讨

本文从文 2 69块低阻油藏开发实践出发 ,分析和探讨在高油气比的复杂断块油藏中对低阻油层的认识和开发 ,辨析油层和水层的识别 ,对电测解释曲线的形态特征分析从新认识油层 ,提高油藏认识水平和开发水平。     

吉林红岗油田低阻油层成因机理研究

低阻油气藏在全国各大油田都有发现,如渤海湾地区、南海莺歌海盆地、塔里木塔北地区等,形成低电阻率油层的机理不尽相同,但低电阻率产生的根本原因一般是束缚水含量高、粘土矿物的附加导电能力相对较强、存在导电矿物、油藏幅度低等。为了正确识别低阻油层,评价油藏条件下的饱和度,必须搞清低阻油层的低阻特性和形成机理。本文从可能引起低阻的各方面原因对吉林红岗油田泉四段低阻油层的成因机理进行了研究。     

水平井技术在千12兴隆台油层南块的应用

在千12兴隆台油层南块油藏地质特征及剩余油分布规律研究再认识基础上,针对该块水淹严重、剩余油层薄,并且利用直井开发油汽比低仅0.18无法实现经济有效开发等问题,运用油藏精细描述、油藏工程等方法,对薄层稠油利用水平井开发的可行性进行研究并得出:南块适宜采用水平井开发。通过现场实施千12兴隆台油层南块取得了较好的效果。     

靖安油田大路沟一区低阻油藏成因及油水层识别方法

低阻油藏作为一类非常规储层,受多种因素控制。而低阻是由沉积、成岩作用、储层高束缚水饱和度等所致;此外还有构造、流体性质及泥浆滤液侵入等外因的综合影响。不同地区的低阻油层成因机制不同,其特征表现也不尽相同。重新对低阻油藏的认识,特别在油藏后期开发方面,如：油层的查层补孔,滚动扩边等方面很有用处。本文主要阐述了靖安油田大路沟一区低阻油藏成因和油水层识别方法。     

锦州油田低渗透油层伤害机理及配套油层保护技术探析

本文通过对锦州油田低渗透油藏注水井油层损害机理研究,提出对注水井进行防膨预处理,改善注水水质,防止水敏,速敏,盐敏和机杂引起的油层损害,保证了这些油藏的水驱开发,同时对低孔低渗油藏的开发具有借鉴意义。     

浅析低渗透油藏的油层保护技术

低渗透油藏的油层在勘探开发的各个环节均可造成层油层损害。其实质原因是油层本身的潜在损害因素，它包括很多方面，储层敏感性矿物、储层空间、岩石表面性质、储层液体性质等等。在外在条件变化时，储层如果不能适应变化情况，就会导致油层渗透率降低，直接给油层造成损害。对低渗透油层特别强调油层保护，并不是因为这类油层比高渗透油层更易受污染，而是因为低渗透油层自然渗透能力差，任何轻微的污染伤害都会导致产能的大幅度降低，因此，低渗透油层的油层保护技术尤为重要。     

胡状集油田胡5断块区油藏低阻油层成因分析

国内近年来不少油田都有低电阻率油藏的发现和研究,东濮凹陷也有不少地区发现了低电阻率油层,东濮凹陷西斜坡胡状集地区也存在低阻油层形成的条件。近年来在老区增储挖潜过程中加强对低阻油层形成条件的认识和研究,发现了一批低阻油层,深化了对低阻油层形成条件的认识,提高了低阻油层解释的成功率。本文以胡5块为例从地质特征和储层性质方面对低阻油层的成因进行了分析,认为该块地层平缓、泥质含量重、束缚水含量高、岩石亲水是产生低电阻率油层的主要因素。     

低阻油层成因机理评述

低阻油层在世界范围内分布广泛,由于其在石油勘探寻找新油藏或油田开发中后期寻找剩余油潜力层分布中占有重要地位,成为各油田迫切需要解决的问题之一。文章从低阻油层的沉积分布特征着手,总结了低阻油层地质与测井方面的成因机理,具有一定指导意义。     

曲堤油田低电阻率油层分布规律研究

低电阻率油藏开发是勘探开发后期增储挖潜的重要方向。本文通过对大量岩石物理实验测量数据和测井数据的研究,分析了曲堤地区低电阻率油层的形成因素,建立了测井解释模型、低电阻率油层的解释方法和低电阻率油层的识别技术,总结了曲堤油田低电阻率油层的分布规律,并在方案部署中取得了明显效果。     

海上低阻油层地球物理储层综合预测技术研究及应用——以珠江口盆地文昌X构造ZJ_1Ⅲ_U油组为例

低阻油层在珠江口盆地广泛发育,油层段为砂泥岩薄互层,储层岩石粒度细,泥质含量重,储层的各种岩石物理参数与围岩接近,储层平面展布范围及厚度的预测一直困扰着本区低阻油藏的勘探开发工作进展。受本区客观地质条件制约,应用传统的基于测井约束的地震反演对低阻油层进行储层预测风险较高。根据该区低阻油层储层特殊的地质条件,以文昌X构造ZJ1ⅢU油组为例,采用混合相位子波反褶积技术提高地震资料的分辨率,提高了地震资料对薄层的识别能力。采用提高分辨率之后的地震资料进行有色反演,对低阻油层的储层平面展布范围进行预测,采用谱分解技术对低阻油层储层的厚度进行定性和定量预测。预测结果与已钻井资料吻合良好,建立起了一套适用于本区低阻油层储层预测的地球物理技术系列,为邻区低阻油层的储层预测研究提供了借鉴依据。     

多层压裂技术在川口油田的应用

介绍了多层压裂技术在川口油田的发展历程,在对该油田长6油层进行勘探与开采的过程中,先后采用了多层压裂技术和合层压裂技术,通过对底层地质特征的分析以及压裂效果的对比,说明了多层压裂技术适用于川口油田的油藏条件,能够实现增产的目的。     

合成电阻率技术在油水层识别上的应用

针对垦利10-1构造的地质特征及测井资料特点,提出利用合成100%含水地层电阻率曲线Rso与地层实测电阻率曲线Rd重叠,根据曲线形态及幅度差定性识别储层流体性质。通过3口井的实际资料处理和对比,与试油结论的符合率为80.8%。     

海上薄油层多分支水平井钻井技术分析

石油对社会的发展有着不可替代的作用,但是对于海上的薄油层而言,其储量较为分散,因此要通过钻井技术来提高能源利用率。针对当前海上薄油层的开采,常采用多分支水平井钻井技术,但是在具体的作业中有技术难题。基于此,从海上薄油层多分支水平井钻井技术的难点入手,着重分析了海上薄油层多分支水平井钻井的技术控制要点。     

基于二类油层探讨聚合物驱油效果

根据二类油层工业化区块基本地质概况,采用数值模拟二类油层各区块聚驱开采特点进行对比,重点对采出程度进行分析,改善聚驱效果,提高油藏采收率,为以后不同二类油层聚合物驱区块的开发提供理论指导和实践参考经验。     

华庆油田一套井网两层开发水质配伍性与阻垢技术研究

华庆油田属特低渗油田,为有效提高效益,在开发过程中采用一套井网延长组长6、长8两层开发,地层水之间、注入水与地层水之间的配伍性与阻垢技术研究是油藏开发面临的首要问题。通过水质配伍性分析认为,长6、长8层水之间结垢以碳酸钙为主,结垢量在50-100 mg/L,注入水与长6、长8层水之间以硫酸钡锶垢为主,结垢量在80-490 mg/L。研究筛选出TH-60阻垢剂针对硫酸钡垢,阻垢率达60%以上,现场试验5个增压站,有效遏制了集输管线结垢趋势。     

低渗透油层水力压裂施工曲线形态及常见问题分析

通过压裂施工曲线压力、排量的变化,将压裂施工前置液阶段分为有破裂显示和无破裂显示两种类型;通过压裂施工曲线压力、砂比等变化,将压裂施工携砂液阶段分为压力下降型、压力下降稳定型、压力波动型、压力上升型、压力稳定型五种类型。压力下降型和压力下降稳定型是施工较理想的两种类型。同时,对异常压裂施工曲线分析,总结压裂施工常见问题包括压不开、压窜、砂堵、沉砂等,提出相应解决方法及预防措施。     

陆相油田二类油层分层注聚方法研究及应用

以BYDX为研究区,针对二类油层开展分层注聚方式研究及实际开发调整应用.首先,利用测井、地质及开发资料,搞清研究区储层非均质特征及储层流体特征;其次,划分不同的油层类型、渗透率级差、井网井距等参数界限,优选聚合物注入参数,给出分层聚驱措施优化方法;最后,结合实际区块,通过可行性强的分层注聚调整方法进一步改善开发效果.本方法可以改善二类油层剩余油挖潜效果,对于陆相老油田提高采收率具有借鉴意义.     

Interfacial Layers in Brittle Cracks

A study has been made of interfacial layers that form within cracks in mica and silicate glass. The layers are the result of interactions with environmental species behind the crack tip. Deposition processes are associated with precipitation from aqueous solutions and corrosion of the crack walls. The level of precipitation depends on such factors as "impurity" content, temperature, etc. It is demonstrated that the layers can bridge the interface and thereby significantly increase the apparent toughness and the strength. These retardation effects are modeled as an "internal"(negative) contribution to the net stress intensity factor on the crack from closure tractions over a near-tip area of the interface. The results highlight the potential importance of surface chemistry as a determinant of both equilibrium and kinetic fracture properties.     

Weak Boundary Layers in Styrene-Butadiene Rubber

In this paper two kinds of weak boundary layers (WBL) in synthetic vulcanized styrene-butadiene rubber are described.

i) WBL produced by the presence of antiadhesion compounds of the rubber formulation (zinc stearate, microcrystalline paraffin wax). These WBL cannot be effectively removed by solvent wiping, whether followed by washing with an ethanol/water mix or not. Although this treatment allowed a significant removal of zinc stearate, the paraffin wax concentration on the surface was not greatly reduced, thus, poor adhesion of rubber was obtained. Chlorination with small amounts of ethyl acetate (EA) solutions of trichloro isocyanuric acid (0.5–5 wt% TCI/EA) and/or an extended halogenation treatment increased the adhesion strength and effectively eliminated the zinc stearate from the rubber surface. If an additional heat treatment (50°C/24h) of the chlorinated rubber was also carried out, the WBL was more effectively eliminated and the resulting adhesion was independent of the amount of chlorination agent applied to the rubber surface. Furthermore, this heat treatment favoured the elimination of WBL in the untreated rubber and also contributed to the removal of WBL produced by an excess of halogenation agent.

ii) WBL created by an excess of chlorination agent applied to the rubber surface. The excess of chlorination agent produced lack of adhesion in the rubber because there was significant damage of the rubber surface and a non-rubber surface layer was formed (mainly due to oxidized, chlorinating agent residues and cyanuric acid), which contributed to the formation of WBL. To avoid the creation of WBL, a postchlorination treatment of rubber with a solution of 25 wt% ethanol in water followed by a vacuum-drying process produced excellent results. The effectiveness of this treatment relied on combining an adequate degree of chlorination with no external surface deterioration of the rubber by the excess of chlorination agent.     

Crack Patterns in Thin Polymer Layers

Summary: During the solidification of thin polymer layers different crack patterns can occur. There are several mechanisms of the development of regular crack defects and layer fractures. In case of self‐organization caused by Marangoni instability at the fluid layer surface the substrate can be periodically uncovered by spreading motions when dewetting hinders a back flow from the higher spots of the layer. Another type of crack patterns is generated from shrinkage processes and stress differences in the drying layer. Mostly these patterns are characterized by intersecting straight cracks. In this paper some examples of unusual shrinkage‐crack patterns in polymer layers are presented. Their propagation is independent on surface flow and surface deformations caused by the Marangoni effect, although the strength of polymer layers is impaired by the interfacial instability. Especially at layer edges or spots with thickness differences one can observe periodic wavy or circularly bend shrinkage‐crack structures. As a third type ramified surface defects are studied in thin layers. Often they only propagate at the layer surface.

Wavy shrinkage‐cracks in a PMMA layer with longish surface elevations.