Polarisation mode dispersion measurements in long single mode fibres

A frequency domain determination of polarisation mode dispersion in single mode fibres is described, which allows one to obtain directly the group delay difference for long fibres. The results of such measurements are shown on a birefringent fibre with elliptical cross-section which maintains an extinction ratio between linearly polarised eigenstates greater than 10 dB over 1 km.     

Polarisation mode dispersion measurements in long single mode fibres

A new method to measure polarisation mode dispersion is described, in which the accuracy is more than 0.1 ps. 0.17 ps polarisation mode dispersion was obtained for about 1 km length of fibre. The result is compared with the retardation obtained for a short length of the fibre.     

Low-loss splices for single mode fibres

A technique for producing low-loss splices in single-mode fibres has been developed and evaluated. The splices are made by sandwiching the fibre butt-joint ends between a glass V-groove block and a flat glass plate, both of which are made by fibre-drawing techniques. A new splice-loss measuring technique is described. The majority of splices made on identical fibres have losses of less than 0.01 dB.     

Analytical approach to prediction of dispersion properties of step-index single mode optical fibres

The use of the Rudolph-Neumann approximation at later stages of the derivation yields a waveguide dispersion formula much more accurate than previously published results. Material dispersion for an arbitrary dopant content is estimated by interpolating derivatives of the Sellmeier equation. Overall dispersion is thus predicted on an analytical basis.     

Analysis of approximations for the mode dispersion in monomode fibres

A number of recent papers have discussed the mode dispersion in step-index, monomode fibres using formulae based on accurate approximations for the modal propagation constant. It is shown here that, since dispersion depends on the first and second derivatives of the propagation constant, the use of such formulae may often be invalid and that a different type of approximation may be more useful     

Conditions for obtaining zero polarisation mode dispersion in elliptical-core fibres

It is shown that zero polarisation mode dispersion can never be achieved in elliptical-core single-mode fibres by geometrical birefringence alone. To equalise the group delays of the two fundamental modes, stress-induced birefringence must be introduced to cancel, partly or completely, the geometrical birefringence, depending on the application.     

100 km single mode VAD fibres

100 km single mode fibres with low loss values of 0.3 dB/km at 1.55 ?m and 0.5 dB/km at 1.3 ?m have been made by the VAD method. Swept frequency 6 dB down bandwidths at the two wavelengths were 40 MHz for 100 km length and 800 MHz for 50 km length, respectively.     

Prediction of mode dispersion in graded-index single-mode fibres

A Cheby?shev power series method is presented for the calculation of the propagation constant of graded-index fibres. Accurate predictions of the dispersion parameters can be obtained as shown by examples of step and parabolic profiles. Measured index profiles can also be used with local index values found by linear interpolation from nearest reading points. Examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.     

Polarization mode dispersion in a single mode fiber

The Jones matrix method is used to measure the polarization mode dispersion (PMD) of a large variety of single mode fibers in the 1500 nm range. The dependence of PMD on wavelength, time, and temperature are studied in two different regimes: adiabatic and isothermal. In the adiabatic regime, time dependent stresses are introduced in the fiber by subjecting it to large and rapid changes in temperature. In this regime it is shown that the probability density function of PMD, obtained as a function of temperature and wavelength, fits very closely the theoretically predicted Maxwellian function. In the isothermal regime, the temperature of the fiber is held constant and the stresses are allowed to relax to their long term steady state conditions. In this regime the PMD exhibits a strong dependence on wavelength but otherwise is a bounded function which is nearly stationary with time. Test and analysis of the deterministic PMD in a specially constructed polarization maintaining fiber are used to study the dependence of PMD on temperature and wavelength. Finally, the system implications of this PMD study are described briefly     

近零平坦色散三包层光子晶体光纤的设计

为了使光子晶体光纤（PCF）在钛宝石飞秒激光器的工作波长0.80 m 和光通信窗口1.55 m 处获得宽的近零超平坦色散,使用了三包层六角空气孔环结构设计来代替普通的单包层结构。应用了改进的有效折射率法对该三包层PCF 进行了数值模拟。结果表明:三包层PCF 的色散随结构参数的微小变化而有较大的变化,因此通过对PCF 结构参数的合理调节,分别实现了在0.800.02 m 和1.550.15 m 波长范围内近零、平坦色散（色散范围0.5 ps/（kmnm）,色散斜率范围0.02 ps/（kmnm2）的结构设计。这对于光通信系统及研究飞秒激光在PCF 中的传输特性,拓展飞秒激光的研究和应用都具有重要意义。     

Wavelength dependence of polarisation mode dispersion in elliptical-core single-mode fibres

Polarisation mode dispersion in elliptical-core single-mode fibres has been measured by a spatial technique based on a visibility maximum position measurement in an interferometer. Using the technique, wavelength dependence of the modal dispersion has been measured by varying optical source wavelengths between 821 and 904 nm. As a result, contribution of geometrical and strain birefringences on the modal dispersion has been evaluated, and normalised frequency dependence of the modal dispersion has been clarified.     

低损耗平坦零色散光子晶体光纤的研究

设计了一种波长在800nm处具有低损耗平坦零色散特性的光子晶体光纤结构,应用多极法研究了结构参量空气孔直径d、孔距Λ对色散特性的影响和最外层空气孔直径对损耗的影响。该结构光纤在771～831nm波长范围内色散绝对值小于2ps/(nm.km),800nm处损耗为0.72dB/km。     

单模光纤中PMD的动力学方程与几何模型

文章从产生偏振模色散（PMD）的机理出发，对单模光纤中PMD的动力学方程及其几何模型进行了研究。     

单模光纤的偏振模色散及其测量原理

本文介绍单模光纤中偏振模色散的若干基本概念,以及偏振模色散的频域测量方法的原理.     

Simultaneous measurement of polarisation mode dispersion in severaloptical fibres in parallel

Polarisation mode dispersion is measured from one end of the optical fibres using a tunable optical time domain reflectometer. Four fibres are measured in parallel, and it is estimated that tens of fibres may be measured simultaneously     

Comparison of various polarisation mode dispersion measurement methods in optical fibres

The comparison of various polarisation mode dispersion (PMD) measurement methods in optical fibres, such as the interferometric method, optical pulse methods, fixed analyser method, Poincare sphere method and state of polarisation (SOP) method, are presented.<>     

Backscattering measurement of bending-induced birefringence in single mode fibres

The local distribution of birefringence in a very low birefringence single mode fibre less than 1 km long is measured by analysing the backscattered light. The experimental results of bending-induced birefringence measurements for various bending radii are in good agreement with those calculated. For 130 ?m diameter fibre wound around cylinders of radii 15 cm and 8 cm, the bending-induced birefringence ?b(15 cm)=9°/m and ?b(8 cm)=34°/m, respectively, at ?=904 nm.     

Design of nonlinear photonic crystal fibers with ultra‐flattened zero dispersion for supercontinuum generation

The study reports on the design and performance of two air‐filled and two partial ethanol‐filled photonic crystal fiber (PCF) structures with a tetra core for supercontinuum generation. The PCFs are nonlinear with ultra‐flattened zero dispersion. Holes with smaller areas are used to create a tetra‐core PCF structure. Ethanol is filled in the holes of smaller area while the larger holes of cladding region are air‐filled. Optical properties including dispersion, effective mode area, confinement loss, normalized frequency, and nonlinear coefficient of the designed PCF structures are investigated via full vector finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. A PCF structure with lead silicate as wafer exhibits significantly better results than a PCF structure with silica as wafer. However, both structures report dispersion at a telecommunication wavelength corresponding to 1.55 μm. Furthermore, the PCF structure with lead silicate as wafer exhibits a very high nonlinear coefficient corresponding to 1375 W^?1 km^?1 at the same wavelength. This scheme can be used for optical communication systems and in optical devices by exploiting the principle of nonlinearity.     

Production of single-mode fibres with negligible intrinsic birefringence and polarisation mode dispersion

Spinning the preform during drawing produces a fibre with a permanent twist. It is shown that such a fibre has negligible polarisation birefringence and rotation. Polarisation mode dispersion is similarly reduced.