升流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)的数学模型

本文综述了UASB反应器流体流动动力学模型、污泥分布模型及由此而建立的UASB反应器的数学模型。通过讨论,阐明了UASB反应器工艺过程的机理,从而对UASB反应器的运行特性有了更进一步的认识。     

UASB在PVC树脂废水处理中的应用设计

PVC树脂是重要的化工原料,其生产废水中的污染物质主要为高分子聚合物,难以用传统好氧工艺处理。上流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)作为一种典型的厌氧工艺可以弥补好氧工艺的不足之处,在工业废水处理中有着广泛的应用。文章以PVC树脂废水为例,详细介绍了UASB反应器各部分的设计方法。     

UASB处理液晶废水COD去除率影响因素的研究

研究UASB反应器在不同温度、水力停留时间、进水浓度条件下运行时,对经过预处理的液晶生产废水COD处理效果的影响。根据系统运行调试实验,得出较好的发挥UASB反应器工作效率的工艺条件:UASB反应器在进水浓度11000mg/L,温度保持在32℃,水力停留时间为4h时可达到最大处理能力,且出水水质较好。     

UASB处理柠檬酸废水污泥颗粒化的实验研究

UASB反应器的高效性在于其内形成的颗粒污泥，反应器内污泥颗粒化是大多数UASB反应器启动和运行成功的标志。以河北一柠檬酸厂产生的柠檬酸废水开展UASB处理实验研究。目的是得到UASB反应器污泥颗粒化的条件，拟用于柠檬酸废水处理工程实施。运行实验结果表明：UASB反应器采用低浓度、高水力负荷、间歇进水的运行方式，实现了UASB反应器污泥床快速颗粒化。     

基于CFD模拟自动追踪太阳能UASB反应器流场研究

UASB反应器作为第二代厌氧生物反应器的杰出代表,在污水厌氧生物处理领域有着举足轻重的地位。温度是影响UASB反应器厌氧消化最重要的因子之一。本文基于对自动追踪太阳能UASB反应器的温度供给方式进行改进,通过CFD技术进行改进后的UASB反应器与传统UASB反应器内部流场模拟。重点分析温度供给方式的改变对反应器的温度场、静压力场及速度矢量分布的影响,结果表明改进后的供温方式使UASB反应器更具有优势。自动追踪太阳能UASB反应器利用太阳能,产生的沼气可以被充分利用,具有显著节能减排特点。     

UASB+AF反应器处理高浓度PTA废水工艺优化探析

厌氧处理污水是利用厌氧微生物的代谢特征,在无须提供外源能量的条件下,以被还原有机物作为受氢体,产生具有能源价值的甲烷。它具有水解能力强、容积负荷高、去除率高、节约能源、产泥量低等特点,是现代废水处理先进的工艺之一。以厌氧UASB+AF反应器理论为依据,运用实验的方法,并结合实际操作管理论述了如何维持UASB+AF反应器高效、稳定运行,以实际数据阐明UASB+AF反应器达到较高去除率时,各项工艺指标的最佳范围及注意事项。     

UASB处理柠檬酸废水污泥颗粒化的实验研究

以河北一柠檬酸厂产生的柠檬酸废水开展UASB处理实验研究。目的是得到UASB反应器污泥颗粒化的条件,拟用于柠檬酸废水处理工程实施。运行实验结果表明UASB反应器采用低浓度、高水力负荷、间歇进水的运行方式,实现了UASB反应器污泥床快速颗粒化。     

可乐废水处理工艺探讨

可乐废水中的污染物主要是原浆和糖。原浆和糖的COD值可达到数万或十万,均和之后的废水COD浓度在2000 mg/L左右,可乐废水有机物含量高,水质水量极不均匀,尤其是废水量随季节的波动大,pH值不稳定。文章中可乐废水主体工艺采用改进后的厌氧—好氧工艺。厌氧系统采用技术改进后的UASB反应器,UASB反应器主要是独特的布水系统和独特的三相分离器以及内循环系统等,由于该UASB反应器设计的负荷参数合理,污泥床层污泥量大,有机物去除效率较高,处理效果稳定。在冬天时不用蒸气加热仍能达到设计的处理效果,运用该UASB反应器进行处理,不消耗氧气和热能,动力消耗少,运行费用较低。     

两种UASB+好氧组合工艺处理生活污水试验研究

对UASB与跌水曝气和曝气生物滤池种组合工艺对生活污水的处理效果进行研究,并对跌水曝气和曝气生物滤池作为厌氧后处理的可行性作进一步的探讨.研究表明,UASB反应器在厌氧出水后加后续的好氧处理装置如跌水曝气和曝气生物滤池,能有效去除生活污水中的COD,与只用UASB反应器相比去除率分别提高了28.4%和44.1%,总平均...     

UASB反应器处理淀粉废水的快速启动研究

淀粉厂废水产生量大,有机物浓度高,某淀粉厂废水处理采取了UASB与生物接触氧化相结合的处理工艺。文章重点对UASB反应器快速启动技术进行了研究。试验结果表明:UASB反应器采用低浓度、高水力负荷、间歇进水的运行方式,实现了大型工业化UASB反应器的快速启动。当进水COD为8052 mg.L-1时,反应器稳定运行负荷达到4.03 kg/(m3.d),COD去除率为94.8%。     

污水处理厂UASB污泥处理的试验研究

ＵＡＳＢ反应器已广泛用于处理各种废水，但用于处理污泥的方法尚未见有报道。本文讨论了常温下用活性污泥作种泥，培养颗粒污泥的可行性，并且得到了ＵＳＡＢ反应器处理污泥的运行参数。     

偶氮染料废水的厌氧好氧处理工程实例

介绍了以吸附过滤、上流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）生物接触氧化法相结合的工艺处理偶氮染料废不的工程实例及有关的参数。废水经过中和沉淀、吸附可去除29．7％的COD,再经UASB处理,可去除58．9％的COD,厌氧处理系统内形成颗粒污泥,厌氧出水经生物接触氧化法,可去除80．7％的COD,二沉池出水COD降至150mg/L以下,达到国家污水综合排放一级标准。     

Performance of a ZVI‐UASB reactor for azo dye wastewater treatment

BACKGROUND: Zero valent iron (ZVI) is expected to be helpful for creating an enhanced anaerobic environment that might improve the performance of the anaerobic process. Based on this idea, a ZVI packed upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (ZVI‐UASB) was developed to enhance azo dye wastewater treatment. RESULTS: The ZVI‐UASB reactor was less influenced by a decrease in the operational temperature from 35 °C to 25 °C than a reference UASB reactor that did not contain ZVI. In addition, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color removal efficiencies of the ZVI‐UASB reactor at an HRT of 12 h exceeded those of the reference reactor at an HRT of 24 h. The hydraulic circulation in the ZVI bed enhanced the function of ZVI so that it improved the COD and color removal efficiencies. Moreover, fluorescence in situ hybridization experiments revealed that the abundance of Archaea in the sludge of the ZVI bed was significantly higher than that at the reactor bottom, which made the reactor capable of greater COD removal under low temperature and short HRT conditions. CONCLUSION: This ZVI‐UASB reactor could adapt well to changes in the operational conditions during wastewater treatment. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

化学混凝-UASB-MUSB工艺处理生活污水

化学混凝-UASB-MUSB联合工艺处理低浓度生活污水主要包括常温条件下UASB反应器的启动运行,化学混凝对UASB处理效果的影响以及厌氧后处理工艺--MUSB工艺的运行状况三部分.结果表明该工艺具有停留时间短、能耗低、混凝剂用量少、供气量小、剩余污泥少等特点,是适应我国目前经济水平的污水处理工艺.     

VABR与UASB处理甲醇废水的比较实验研究

利用VABR(垂直厌氧折流)反应器和UASB(升流式厌氧污泥床)反应器,在中温条件下分别对甲醇废水进行了实验,VABR反应器最高容积负荷可达46 kg CODCr/(m3.d),UASB反应器最高容积负荷可达85 kg CODCr/(m3.d)。     

UASB处理纤维素乙醇废水的启动运行研究

以厌氧UASB反应器处理纤维乙醇废水为研究对象,探讨分析了UASB的启动和稳定运行过程。结果表明,采用城市污水处理厂的厌氧消化污泥作为接种污泥,在COD有效容积负荷为0.33~1.11 kgCOD/(m3·d)的条件下,UASB反应器成功启动,COD的去除率达到70%以上。启动初期,出水pH会明显高于进水,污泥呈先减少后增加的趋势,当增加进水SO42-浓度到7 250 mg/L,COD/SO42-比值2.7∶1时,会导致纤维素乙醇废水UASB处理系统的崩溃。UASB反应器运行稳定后,污泥浓度增至30~40 g/L,MLVSS/MLSS比值也达到90%左右,在HRT为14~41 h,回流比3∶1~13∶1,有效容积负荷3.45~14.67 kg COD/(m3·d)的条件下,对纤维乙醇生产废水均能保持90%以上的COD去除率,出水COD小于1 000 mg/L。     

改良UASB处理酒精废水启动试验研究

为增强抗冲击负荷能力和保证颗粒污泥与废水充分混合,在上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器内三相分离器前增设强制内回流装置,形成改良UASB反应器,利用污水处理站UASB厌氧污泥,处理酒精废水。结果表明,UASB整个启动期为61 d,启动的第40天出现颗粒污泥,UASB启动期间对COD、SS的平均去除率分别为70%、11%,出水pH在6.4～7.8,挥发性脂肪酸的质量浓度降到200 mg.L-1以下,有利于后续单元对废水的处理。     

Hydrodynamics of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors

The hydrodynamic characteristics of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors were investigated in this study. A UASB reactor was visualized as being set‐up of a number of continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) in series. An increasing‐sized CSTRs (ISC) model was developed to describe the hydrodynamics of such a bioreactor. The gradually increasing tank size in the ISC model implies that the dispersion coefficient decreased along the axial of the UASB reactor and that its hydrodynamic behavior was basically dispersion‐controlled. Experimental results from both laboratory‐scale H₂‐producing and full‐scale CH₄‐producing UASB reactors were used to validate this model. Simulation results demonstrate that the ISC model was better than the other models in describing the hydrodynamics of the UASB reactors. Moreover, a three‐dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was performed with an Eulerian‐Eulerian three‐phase‐fluid approach to visualize the phase holdup and to explore the flow patterns in UASB reactors. The results from the CFD simulation were comparable with those of the ISC model predictions in terms of the flow patterns and dead zone fractions. The simulation results about the flow field further confirm the discontinuity in the mixing behaviors throughout a UASB reactor. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009     

Determination of potential methane production capacity of a granular sludge from a pilot‐scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor using a specific methanogenic activity test

A 450 dm³ pilot‐scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was used for the treatment of a fermentation‐based pharmaceutical wastewater. The UASB reactor performed well up to an organic loading rate (OLR) of 10.7 kg COD m^?3 d^?1 at which point 94% COD removal efficiency was achieved. This high treatment efficiency did not continue, however and the UASB reactor was then operated at lower OLRs for the remainder of the study. Specific methanogenic activity (SMA) tests were, therefore, carried out to determine the potential loading capacity of the UASB reactor. For this purpose, the SMA tests were carried out at four different initial acetate concentrations, namely 500 mg dm^?3, 1000 mg dm^?3, 1500 mg dm^?3 and 2000 mg dm^?3 so that substrate limitation could not occur. The results showed that the sludge sample taken from the UASB reactor (OLR of 6.1 kg COD m^?3 d^?1) had a potential acetoclastic methane production (PMP) rate of 72 cm³ CH₄ g^?1 VSS d^?1. When the PMP rate was compared with the actual methane production rate (AMP) of 67 cm³ CH₄ g^?1 VSS d^?1 obtained from the UASB reactor, the AMP/PMP ratio was found to be 0.94 which ensured that the UASB reactor was operated using its maximum potential acetoclastic methanogenic capacity. In order to achieve higher OLRs with desired COD removal efficiencies it was recommended that the UASB reactor should be loaded with suitable OLRs pre‐determined by SMA tests. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry